翻譯理論基礎7 風格與翻譯

Lecture7StyleandLiteraryTranslation

whatisthedifference?1)Nowallowmetoproposeatoasttothefriendshipbetween…2)Here’stothehealthofourfriends!3)Cheers!4)Bottomsup!Translationpractice1)Ibeg,sir,thatyouwillofferhimmysincerestapologies.敬請向他轉(zhuǎn)達在下最誠摯的歉意。

2)Pleasesendmysincerestapologiestohim.請向他轉(zhuǎn)達我最誠摯的歉意。

3)TellhimI’mawfullysorry.告訴他我很抱歉。TeachingContents1.Whatisstyle?2.StyleandLiterature3.StyleandLiteraryTranslationAccordingtoDavidCrystalinInvestigatingEnglishStyle,therearefourcommonlyoccurringsensesofthetermSTYLE:1)thelanguagehabitsofoneperson:Shakespeare,JamesJoyce,Hemingway

2)thelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupatonetime:theOldEnglish‘heroic’poetry.3)saytherightthinginthemosteffectiveway—goodmanners:‘clear’or‘refined’style.4)evaluationanddescriptionofliteratureinliterarycriticismorappreciation:‘good’

‘effective’beautiful’writing.

Whatisstyle?Consideringdifferentcommunicativeenvironment,methods,objectivesandpurposes,communicatorswouldoptdifferentlanguagevarieties(語言變體)thathasdifferentfunctionssoastoperformtheircommunicationeffectively.Thelanguagevarietiesarewhatpeoplecalled“style”(文體或語體).Properwordsinproperplacesmakethetruedefinitionofastyle.（JonathanSwift）(適當?shù)脑~用于適當?shù)膱龊?就是風格的確切定義。)Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmost-rightwordisasgreatasthatbetweenlightingandthelightingbug.(MarkTwain)用詞準確與用詞幾乎準確，這兩者之間的差異就如同閃電與螢火蟲之間的差異。

1989年版《辭海》是這樣定義風格的：作家、藝術家在創(chuàng)作中所表現(xiàn)出來的藝術特色和創(chuàng)作個性，具有主觀和客觀兩個方面。主觀方面是作家的創(chuàng)作追求，客觀方面是時代，民族，階級乃至文體對創(chuàng)作的規(guī)定性。在北京外國語大學執(zhí)教40余年的英籍專家DavidCrook曾經(jīng)講過這樣一件事，中國學生在課本里學了“Fancymeetingyouhere.”（沒想到在這兒碰到你。）之后就到處套用。而且有一次，一個學生在廁所里見到他還這么說，令他十分尷尬。Styleistheman.(Buffon)(文如其人)e.g.LiBaiVSDuFu李白夜宿山寺危樓高百尺，手可摘星辰。不敢高聲語，恐驚天上人。

杜甫

兵車行車轔轔，馬蕭蕭，行人弓箭各在腰。耶娘妻子走相送，塵埃不見咸陽橋。牽衣頓足闌攔道哭，哭聲直上干云霄。道旁過者問行人，行人但云點行頻?！璂ifferenttypesofstyle:

levelofformalityMartinJoos(1962)inhis‘TheFiveClocks’suggestsfivedegreesofformality:

frozen,formal,consultative,casualandintimate.ThefiveclocksbyMartinJoosFrozen/Formal/Consultative/Casual/IntimateFormal<------------------------->InformalThefiveclocksbyMartinJoos(1)thefrozenstyle(莊嚴體):mostusedonceremonies,inveryformaloccasion,inwrittenlegaldocumentsorhighlysolemnspeech(2)theformalstyle(正式體):publicaddress(3)theconsultativestyle(商談體、一般體):lessformalgatherings,usedindailylives(4)thecasualstyle(隨意體):amongfriends(5)theintimatestyle(親密體):betweenfamilymembersorbosomfriendse.g.A)Visitorswouldmaketheirwayatoncetotheupperfloorbywayofthestaircase.B)Visitorsshouldgoupthestairsatonce.C)Wouldyoumindgoingupstairsplease?D)Timeyouallwentupstairsnow.E)Upyougo,Chaps!

(frozen)(formal)(consultative)(casual)(intimate)TranslationpracticeMybelovedparenthasjoinedtheheavenlychoir.Mydearfatherhasexpired.

Myfatherhaspassedaway.Mydadhasdied.Myoldmanjustkickedthebucket.吾父升天矣（

frozen）

我親愛的父親已經(jīng)過世了(formal)父親走了(consultative)

父親死了(casual)我家那個老頭兒翹辮子了(intimate)

(Alecturerisgoingtomakeaspeech,butitisnoisyinthehall,sohesaidthefollowing:)Yoursilenceisrequested.Quiet,please.Wouldyoubesogood?Doshutup.Putasockinit.Dropdead!

（Herethespeaker’stonechangesfromverypolitetodissatisfied,toimpatient,untilatlastshoutingabuse.

）2.StyleandLiterature文藝語體是通過藝術形象來反映客觀現(xiàn)實的，特點是廣泛運用帶有感情色彩和描繪色彩的語言成分。語言的形象性是最主要的特征。Somefishingboatswerebecalmedjustinfrontofus.Theirshadowsslept,oralmostslept,uponthewater,agentlequiveringaloneshowingthatwasnotcompletesleeporifsleep,thatwassleepwithdream.眼前不遠,漁舟三五,凝滯不前,檣影映在水上,仿佛睡去,偶爾微見顫動,似又未嘗熟睡,恍若驚夢。thelanguageofliteratureisusedasanartisticmedium,tocreateimages,tobringouttherichmulti-levelmeaningandthematicsignificanceofaliterarywork.

3.StyleandLiteraryTranslatione.g.Dombeywasabouteight-and-fortyyearsofage.Sonabouteight-and-fortyminutes.Dombeywasratherbald,ratherred,andthoughahandsomewell-mademan,toosternandpompousinappearance,tobeprepossessing.Sonwasverybald,andveryred,andthough(ofcourse)anundeniablyfineinfant,somewhatcrushedandspottyinhisgeneraleffect,asyet.(CharlesDickens:DombeyandSon)DombeywasaboutSonabouteight-and-fortyeight-and-fortyyearsofage.minutes.Dombeywasratherbald,Sonwasverybald,

ratherred,andveryred,

andthoughahandsomethough(ofcourse)an

well-mademan,undeniablyfineinfant,toosternsomewhatcrushedandpompousandspotty

inappearance,inhisgeneraleffect,tobeprepossessing.asyet.

參考譯文：董貝大約四十八歲。他的兒子出世大約四十八分鐘。董貝的頭稍稍有些禿，臉色稍稍有些紅；雖然他是一位外貌漂亮、身材勻稱的男子，可是神色過分嚴厲與傲慢，因此不能使人產(chǎn)生好感。他的兒子的頭很禿，臉色很紅；雖然他當然不可否認地是一個可愛的嬰孩，可是看上去有些皺巴巴的，身上斑斑點點。analysis

董貝大約四十八歲。

他的兒子出世大約四十八分鐘。董貝的頭稍稍有些禿，臉色稍稍有些紅；

他的兒子的頭很禿，臉色很紅；雖然他是一位外貌漂亮、身材勻稱的男子，可是神色過分嚴厲與傲慢，因此不能使人產(chǎn)生好感。

雖然他當然不可否認地是一個可愛的嬰孩，可是看上去有些皺巴巴的，身上斑斑點點。

Intranslation,attentionshouldbepaidtoacarefulunderstandingofthelevelofformalitytheoriginaltextbelongsto.他對小兒子說，“那時候，干一天活兒累得連炕都上不去，渾身疼得要命，睡也睡不著?！?/p>

(1)Hesaidtohislittleson,“Atthattime,Iwasso

fatigued

afteraday’sdrudgerythatIfounditveryhardtomountthekang.Mywholeframeachingacutely,Icouldn’tgotosleephoweverhardItried.”(2)Hesaidtohislittleson,“Inthosedays,Iwasusuallysodoneupafteraday’shardworkthatIcouldhardlygetonthekang.Asmywholebodyachedlikeanything,Isimplycouldn’tgettosleepevenItriedto.

“Dearlittleinnocentlamb,youneedone,”saidtheMarquis,andhisjawthrustout,andhebegantogrinhideously”(非常討厭地),hislittleeyesleeringtowards(睨視)Rebecca.(VanityFair)“親愛的小羔羊，你多么純潔，真需要一只看羊狗來保護你?！彼斐鱿掳拖阎槂盒ζ饋?，乜斜著一雙小眼睛對她一溜，那樣子難看極了?！睹麍觥窏畋嘏吭谶@段譯文中充分發(fā)揮自己文筆輕靈、俏皮的特點，通過把“hideously”(非常討厭地)譯成方言“涎著臉”（死皮賴臉地糾纏他人），把“l(fā)eertowards”(睨視)譯為“乜斜”（色迷迷地睨視），將斯坦恩侯爵厚顏無恥、淫穢猥陋的嘴臉描摹得活靈活現(xiàn)，如見其人，從而充分地體現(xiàn)了作者諷刺資產(chǎn)階級貴族丑惡嘴臉的本意，成功地再現(xiàn)了原作的風格意義。培根作品漢譯：談讀書OFSTUDIESbyFrancisBacon1．Studiesservefor