2023屆浙江省舟山市年高三首考英語模擬試卷（三）（含答案解析）

2023屆浙江省舟山市年高三首考英語模擬試卷（三）

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

一、閱讀理解

Forhighschoolstudents,justthinkingaboutyourcareerprobablyisn'tenough.You

havetoactivelydosomeresearchandplan.Herearesomeofthebestcareersforthefuture

andhowyoucangetyourfootinthedoor.

RegisteredNurses

Tobecomeregisterednurses,you'regoingtoneedeitheranassociatedegreeinnursing,

aBachelorofScienceinnursing,oranotherofficiallyapproveddiploma（文憑）froma

nursingprogram.Ifyouwanttobeapracticingphysician,youUlneedamedicaldegreein

yourchosenfieldontopofyourfour-yeardegree.

DataAnalysts

Bigdataisagrowingfieldwithprofitableopportunitiesforcollegegraduates.Youare

requiredtohaveamaster'sdegreeincomputerscienceoranotherrelatedfield.Datascience

isatraditionallymale-dominatedindustryandonly26percentareheldbywomen.

Thankfully,itisholdingoutanolivebranchtofemalesandtherearesometerrificprograms

speciallydesignedforthemtobreakintothisdynamicfield.

Plumbers（管道工）andElectricians

Notallofthebestcareersforthefuturewillrequireafour-yearundergraduatedegree.

There'saseriousdemandforskilledpositionsjobslikeplumbersandtechnicians.Manyof

thesepositionsrequireahighschooldegreeandoftenanassociatedegreeinarelatedfield,

butdon'tnecessarilyrequiregraduationfromafour-yearuniversity.

Cybersecurity（網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全）Experts

Theaveragesalariesforcybersecurityexpertscanstartat$80,000forITSecurity

Consultantsandcanreachsixfiguresforotherpositionssuchasasecuritydirector.Thebest

waytostartyourpathincybersecurityiswithabachelor'sdegreeincomputerscience,

informationtechnology,engineering,orotherrelatedfields.

I.Inwhichjobwillthegenderdistributionprobablybemorebalanced?

A.DataAnalysts.B.RegisteredNurses.

C.CybersecurityExperts.D.PlumbersandElectricians.

2.Tobeacybersecurityexpert,whichisthebasicrequirement?

A.Amaster'sdegreeincomputerscience.

B.Acertificateofhighschoolgraduation.

C.Abachelor'sdegreeininformationtechnology.

D.Adiplomaofficiallyapprovedfromamedicalprogram.

3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Ahealthlecture.B.Aschoolwebsite.

C.Ajobadvertisement.D.Asciencemagazine.

TheStateoftheWorld'sBirds——reportfromconservationgroupBirdLifeisthelatest

criticalsurveythathighlightthescaleofthecurrentbiodiversitycrisis.Itsays,morethanhalf

theworld'sbirdspeciesareindecline,ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureand

expansionintohabitatscontinuetowreakhavoconbirdpopulations.

“Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherateof

extinctionisaccelerating,saidLucyHaskell,whoisleadauthorofthereport."Historically,

mostextinctionswereonislands,butworryinglythereisagrowingwaveofcontinental

extinctions,drivenbylandscape-scalehabitatloss.,,

ThereportrevieweddatafromtheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureRed

List.Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49percent,havedeclining

populations,while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6percenthave

unknowntrends.Oneineightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalsohighlightedthe

massivescaleofpopulationlossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.

Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagricultureistheleadingthreattobirds,

thereportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatenedspecies.Unsustainableloggingand

managementofforestsisanothersignificantthreat,impactingnearlyhalfofthreatenedbird

species.

Birdsplayanessentialroleinthehealthofecosystemsaroundtheworld.Theyare

predators,pollinators,seeddispensers,andscavengers,andhelptomoveandcyclenutrients

acrosswideranges."Birdstellusaboutthehealthofournaturalenvironment—weignore

theirmessagesatourperil,Lucysaid.

Authorsofthereportsaidthatgovernmentsmustprioritizemoresustainableagriculture

practicesandtheprotectionofnaturalhabitatsinordertoslowpopulationdeclineinbird

species.Therearenumerousexamplesofpopulationsbouncingbackwiththehelpof

試卷第2頁，共10頁

well-coordinatedconservationprograms.t4Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,said

Butchart,whoischiefscientistforBirdLife."Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationis

terrible,butweknowhowtoreversethesedeclines.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon“inParagraphIprobablymean?

A.Graduallychange.B.Sharplyincrease.C.Slightlydisturb.D.Seriously

damage.

5.Howdidthereportshowthestateoftheworld'sbirds?

A.Bylistingcauses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byanalyzing

data.D.Byansweringquestions.

6.Whatisthemajorthreattobirdsaccordingtothereport?

A.Illegalhuntingforbirds.B.Thedevelopmentofagriculture.

C?Poormanagementofforests.D.Thelossoflandscape-scalehabitats.

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.Birdsplayavitalroleinmaintainingbiodiversity.

B.Governmentshaveprotectednaturalhabitatsgreatly.

C.Conservationprogramsneedtobeupdatedmorefrequently.

D.Scientistsareconfidentaboutslowingpopulationdeclineofbirds.

Fiveyearsago,MeredithArthur,a45-year-oldSanFranciscoresident,arrivedata

neurologistappointment.Shespokeamileaminute,explainingwhyshethoughtitmight

holdcluestoherneckpain,frequentdizzinessandheadaches.waspresentingmyinexpert

casetoanexpert,whostoppedmeandsaid,"Iknowwhat'swrong.Youhavegeneralized

anxietydisorder.

Arthurisoneofthe40millionAmericanadultswhoexperienceananxiety

disorder-themostcommonformofmentalillness-everyyear.Itsmajorfactoristhe

uncertaintyaboutsituationsindailylife.

“Idescribeanxietyasafiiture-orientedemotionalresponsetoaperceivedthreat,says

JoelMinden,PhD,aclinicalpsychologist.uWeanticipatethatsomethingbadwillhappen.

Maybewehaveevidence.Maybewedon't.Butwehaveabeliefthatsomethingcatastrophic

mightoccur.^^

Almostimmediately,Mindensays,yoursympatheticnervoussystemkicksintohighgear.

Thisleadstothereleaseofadrenalineandcortisol,twoofthecrucialhormones（荷爾蒙）that

driveyourbody'sfight-freeze-flightresponseandcauseanxiety'sphysicalsymptoms.Your

heartraces,yourbloodpressurerises,yourpupilsdilate,yougetshortofbreath.

Meanwhile,cortisolcurbsfunctionsthatyourbrainconsidersnon-essential:Itaffects

immunesystemresponsesandsuppresses（抑制）thedigestivesystem,thereproductive

system,andgrowthprocesses.Thiswashelpfulforourancestorstryingtooutruntigersbutis

notsomuchwhenyoucan'tstopstrugglingwiththeproblemwhetheryoumighthavecaught

COVID-19whentheguybehindyouinlineatthegrocerystorecoughed.

Anxietycanshowitselfinmanyways.Youmightperceivesomethingasthreatening

evenwhenitisn'torgotogreatlengthstoavoiduncomfortablesituations.Youmight

constantlyoverthinkplansorspendallofyourtimecreatingsolutionstoworst-casescenarios.

Maybeyoufeelindecisiveandfearmakingthewrongdecision.Oryoumightfindyourself

restless,nervous,andunabletorelax.

Thegoodnewsisthatanxietyisverymanageablewithsomecombinationofmedication,

therapy,andlifestyleadjustments.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curbs“inparagraph5mostprobablymean?

A.activatesB.restrictsC.damagesD.removes

9.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

A.Socialfactorsaretoblamefbranxietydisorders.

B.AnxietyisthemostcommonillnessintheUS.

C.Mentalwell-beinghasbeenMeredithArthur'sconcern.

D.anxietydisorderscanbecontrolledwithcertaintreatments.

10.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthetypicalsymptomofanxiety?

A.Tryingtofindsolutionstotheworstsituationfromtimetotime.

B.Hesitatingtomakethefinaldecisionforfearofmistakes.

C.Heartracingandbloodpressurerisingattheimaginedsituation.

D.Feelingrestlessornervousevenwhenthere'snothingthreateningaround.

11.Whatwillthefollowingpartmostprobablytalkabout?

A.Theadvanceofscienceandtechnology.

B.Theeffectsoftheanxietydisorders.

C.Tipstominimizenegativeeffectsofanxiety.

D.TheanticipationofMeredithArthur.

試卷第4頁，共10頁

SomeofthemostattractivepicturestocomeoutoftheAlaskaearthquakearethephotos

thatshowslope（斜坡）failures,inwhichpartsofformerlysolidhillscavedin,toreorlet

loose.Andiftherehappenedtobearoadorbuildingontopoftheslopesthatfailed,theresult

washorrible.

Slopescanfailwithoutearthquakes,astheresultofpouringrainqrw：eathering.Butthe

shakingcausedbyaquake—particularlyalargeonelikewhatoccunednearAnchorageon

Friday—caneitherspeeduptheprocessorcreateentirelynewfailuresthatwouldn'thave

otherwisehappened.

SeveralslopefailuresweredocumentedintheAnchorageareainthehoursafterthe

earthquakeFriday,themostinterestingofwhichwasonVineRoadsouthwestofWasilla.It's

asifsomeonecamealongwithalargedestroyingballanddroppeditonVineRoad,which

wrinkledlikeabrokenegg.

Scientistsseemedsurprisedathowmanyslopefailuresoccurredasaresultofthe

7.0-magnitude（震級(jí)）quake.Thecenterofthequakewasdeep,at27milesbelowthesurface

—akeyreasonwhythedamageinAnchoragewasrelativelylight.Suchanearthquakewould

beexpectedtoproduceshakingoveralargearea,butprobablywithreasonablymodesttop

groundaccelerations,Friday'searthquakewouldcertainlybefelt,butthesurfaceofEarth

wouldn'tbemovingbadlyenoughtoproducewidespreadlandslides.

PhotosfromAlaskashowalotoflateral（橫向的）spread,inwhichthegroundtearsopen.

Whateverisontopofthegroundattheplaceittearsinhalfisalsotorninhalfafterwards,

likehighwaysorbuildings.Thebuildingssurroundingthespreadarealsoatriskofdamage

becauseoftheforceofthegroundspreadingoutawayfromthetear.There9salso

documentationofblockspread,inwhichpartofthegroundbreaksoffahillandslidesaway

mostlyperfect.

12.Whatdoweknowaboutslopefailures?

A.Theymaycauseearthquakes.

B.Theyusuallyhappenwitharoadontop.

C.Theyalwayshappenwithearthquakes.

D.Theymaypullpartsofthehillsapart

13.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Earthquakeshavegreateffectonslopefailures.

B.Mostslopefailuresoccurafterthepouringrain.

C.Earthquakesresultinslopefailuresimmediately.

D.Slopefailuresoccurmainlywithlargeearthquakes.

14.WhatdidthescientiststhinkoftheAlaskaearthquakeFriday?

A.Itproducedshakingoveralargearea.

B.Itcausedfewerslopefailuresthanexpected.

C.Itwasn'tfeltforitsdeepcenter.

D.Itdidn'tproducelandslides.

15.Inwhichcircumstancecanwefindthegroundslidesdownahillalmostunbroken?

A.Landslides.B.Slopefailures.C.Lateralspread.D?Blockspread.

二、七選五

Searchingforanewcattoaddtoyourfamily?Ifyourhomealreadyhasacat,youmay

wonderhowyourcatwillwelcomeanewpartner.16Continuereadingfortipson

howtodothat.

Yourexistingcat'sneedscomefirst.17Doesyourcatpreferfemalecatsover

malecats?Ifhe/sheenjoysthecompanyoffemalecats,adoptingafemalecatcanhelp.If

youadoptayoungkittenasacompanionforyouroldercat,itcanworkwellaskittensget

alongwithacatofanyage.

Showeryourexistingcatwithextraattention.Catscanbeterritorialwhenitcomesto

theirspace;thesamecanbetruefortheirownersaswell.18Givingyourcatmore

hugsandcareduringtheintroductionofanewcatcanhelpeasehis/herbadfeeling.This

alsohelpsyourcatacceptandtrustthenewonemorequickly.

19Whenyoubringyournewcathome,it'sbesttokeepthecatsindifferent

rooms.Thiswaytheywon'ttrytodefendtheirterritory.Eachshouldhavetheirownspace

withbowlsandcatfurnituresohe/shedon'tfeeltheneedtocompete.Anddospendtime

withthenewcatashe/shecanalsobestressedinanewenvironment.

Introducethenewcatslowly.Yourcatswillhavethechancetogetusedtoeachother's

smellthroughthedoor.Whentheyseeminterestedinmeeting,youcanbringoneintothe

other'sterritory.20Ifyounoticeeitherofthecatsgettinguncomfortable,

separatethem.

A.Separatethecatsinitially.

試卷第6頁，共10頁

B.Makesureyourcatfeelsathome.

C.Dothisatleastafewdaysafterthenewcatarrives.

D.Thinkaboutyourexistingcafspersonalityandhabits.

E.Yourcatcangetenviousofanewcomereasilyiffeelingignored.

F.Givebothcatsaspecialtreatwhentheyfirstmeettoencouragepeace.

G.Thereisaprocesstomakethechangelessstressfulforbothyouandthecats.

三、完形填空

It'sthattimeagainwhenwe'rebusybuyingandgivingthem.Sometimeswecallthem

21、sometimespresents.Istherea22?

Thewordscomefromdifferent23.GifthasitsoriginintheGermanicrootfor

“togive”.Itreferredtoanactof24、andthen,tothethingbeinggiven.Present

comesfromtheFrenchfor“topresent”.Apresentisthethingpresented.Theywerebothused

toexpressthe25ofsomethinggoingthroughachangeof26without

expectationofpaymentfromthe13thcenturyonward.

Thewordsgiftandpresentarewell-matchedsynonymsthatmeanalmostthesamething.

27.evenwell-matchedsynonymshavetheirownuniquepatternsof28.

Giftappliestoawiderangeofsituations.Presentsaremore29.Ifyourwhole

familygave30toyourcollegefundforyourbirthday,wouldyousay“Igotalotof

presents"？Itdoesn'texactlysound31、butsinceyouneverholdthesedonationsin

yourhand,giftsseemtofitbetter.

Giftcanalsoactlikeanadjectivetodescribeanothernoun.Whatdoyoucallthetypeof

shopwhereyoucanbuypresentsforpeople?Agiftshop.Presentdoesn'tworkwellinthis

roleof32othernouns.Wehavegiftboxesandgiftcards,notpresentboxesand

presentcards.

Still,33mypersonalsenseofthe34、present-thoughitmaynotbe

ascommon—ismorecasualsoundingthangift.Butwhetherit'sgiftsorpresentsyou

35、Iwishyoumanyandlotsthisyear.

21.A.giftsB.awardsC.friendsD.families

22.A.mistakeB.differenceC.planD.promise

23.A.gamesB.storiesC.situationsD.languages

24.A.givingB.speakingC.leavingD.listening

25.A.dreamB.chanceC.adviceD.idea

26.A.possessionB.attitudeC.colorsD.decisions

27.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.HoweverD.Otherwise

28.A.behaviorB.useC.spellingD.development

29.A.transparentB.concreteC.positiveD.public

30.A.thanksB.attentionC.donationsD.discounts

31.A.wrongB.easyC.unluckyD.cool

32.A.explainingB.correctingC.analyzingD.describing

33.A.becauseofB.accordingtoC.inspiteofD.inadditionto

34.A.actionsB.eventsC.wordsD.directions

35.A.orderB.offerC.makeD.prefer

四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文

閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

ItwasDragonboatDay.Shinywhitetentslinedthewaterfront,36(provide)

shadeandrefreshmentsforDragonBoatpaddlers(槳手)fromalloverCalifornia,37

gatheredaroundtheCastaicLakeforafestivecompetition.

Gigglingkidsracedcheerfullyalongthelakesidebeach,38theirparents

enjoyingtheshadypicnicareasunderthetreesalongtheshore."It'sagreatdayout,"said

PaulLin,co-founderforCastaic'sownDragonEyesteam.

DragonboatracinghasbeengoingonforthousandsofyearsinChina,39

(initial)inhonoroftheChinesewaterdragondeity(神)inanefforttocalldownrainandavoid

40(fortune)anddisaster.

Intherace,adrummer41(use)alargetraditionalwoodendrumtokeepthe

paddlersonbeat,whileasteersmaninthebackkeepsthemintheirlane.

Linsaidafriendgothim42(involve)indragonboatracingoveradecadeago.

In2018,theydecidedtohosttheirownfestival."There's43reallyspecialtobe

learnedfromourdragonboatmotto:"OneBoat,OneBeathesaid."Paddlerscomefrom

allwalksoflifeandthatkindof44(close)withpeopleisnowhereelsetobeseen.”

試卷第8頁，共10頁

“Wereallywanttohelpexpandawarenessandgrowthesport,“Linsaid."We'rehoping

onedayit'llbecome45Olympicsport.”

五、開放性作文

46.2022年北京冬奧會(huì)很“中國”，許多元素向世界展現(xiàn)了中國文化或中國理念。請(qǐng)選取

其中一二撰寫一篇短文，參加ChinaDaily舉辦的“ChinaMeetstheWorld”征文比賽。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)80左右;

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：吉祥物mascot；二十四節(jié)氣24solarterms；一起向未來TogetherForAShared

Future；雪如意SnowRuyi—theNationalSkiJumpingCentero

六、讀后續(xù)寫

47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Mytwinsister,Mary,andIlivedtogetherforeighteenyearsbeforewewenttocollege.

We'dknowneachothersomuchandalwaysenjoyedsharedtime.Wehappilysangand

dancedtogether,haddinnerandwenttobedtogether,anddiscussedthemathsproblemsand

recitedthepoemstogether.

Butonesmallthingcouldn'tbesharedsmoothlyandthat'sthetroublewithtoothpaste.

Crest（佳潔士）madeusgiveinanddemandedtoknowwhatweweremadeof.Yousee,

Marylikestocarefullyfoldandrollthetoothpastetube.Iliketograbitinthemiddleand

squeeze（擠）.Imightcallherfoldingabittoocareful.Shemightconsidermysqueezing

carelessandrude.Thisdifferenceinstylemayseemmild,butitcausedthebigtroubleinthe

laterdays.

Atfirst,itwasalittlejoke.Tdsqueeze.She'droll.Ha,ha.Tdsqueezeagain.She'droll

again.Annoying.TdsqueezeevenwhenIwasn'tbrushingmyteeth.She'dslipintoroll,roll,

roll.

Afterslippingandsqueezing,tip-toeingandrollingfortwoweeks,itwasunavoidable

thatwefinallymetfacetofaceinourlinypinkbathroomwithourhandsonthetoothpaste.

Weactuallyyelledateachother.Imayhaveevencried.Whywasshesoobsessive（過分的）？

WhywasIsovindictive（報(bào)復(fù)性的）？Whycouldn,tsheloosenup?Whycouldn'tIcalm

down?Werewestilltalkingaboutthetoothpaste?

Thetoothpastehadbecomemorethansomethingtobrushourteethwith;ithadbecome

asymbolforaspectsofourindividualpersonalitiesthatwedidnotalwayscaretoreveal.

MaybeIwasbeingalittlevindictive.Maybeshewasbeingabitobsessive.Maybeitreally

didn'tmatterhowwedealtwiththetoothpaste.Butmaybeitdid.

注意：L續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Thankfully,wethoughtofasolution.

Yearslater,Ihadnewroommatesincollege.

試卷第10頁，共10頁

參考答案:

1.A2.C3.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章為高中生介紹了四種職業(yè)規(guī)劃。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Datascienceisatraditionallymale-dominatedindustryandonly26

percentareheldbywomen.Thankfully,itisholdingoutanolivebranchtofemalesandthereare

someterrificprogramsspeciallydesignedforthemtobreakintothisdynamicfield.（數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)是

一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的行業(yè)，女性僅占26%。值得慶幸的是，該公司向女性拋出了橄欖

枝，有一些很棒的項(xiàng)目專門為她們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)，幫助她們進(jìn)入這個(gè)充滿活力的領(lǐng)域。）“可知，數(shù)據(jù)

分析師這個(gè)行業(yè)的男女性別比例會(huì)更均衡一些。故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thebestwaytostartyourpathincybersecurityiswithabachelor's

degreeincomputerscience,informationtechnology,engineering,oranotherrelatedfield.（開始

你的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全之路的最佳方式是獲得計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、信息技術(shù)、工程或其他相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)士學(xué)

位。）”可知，從事網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全員的工作，需要專業(yè)是計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、信息技術(shù)、工程學(xué)或相關(guān)領(lǐng)

域的本科學(xué)歷畢業(yè)生。C項(xiàng)正確。A、B和D分別意為“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)專業(yè)碩士畢業(yè)生”、“高

中畢業(yè)生”和“官方認(rèn)證的某醫(yī)療項(xiàng)目文憑“，均不符合題意。故選C。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Forhighschoolstudents,justthinkingaboutyourcareerprobably

isn'tenough.Youhavetoactivelydosomeresearchandplan.Herearesomeofthebestcareers

forthefutureandhowyoucangetyourfootinthedoor.（對(duì)于高中生來說，僅僅考慮自己的職業(yè)

生涯可能是不夠的。你必須積極地做一些調(diào)查和計(jì)劃。以下是一些未來最好的職業(yè)，以及你

如何進(jìn)入這扇門。）”可知，下文內(nèi)容是講給高中生的，目的是讓高中生提前進(jìn)行職業(yè)規(guī)劃。

所以推測(cè)此篇文本選自學(xué)校網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容。故選B。

4.D5.C6.B7.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了世界上超過一半的鳥類正在減少，因?yàn)榘ㄞr(nóng)業(yè)和向

棲息地?cái)U(kuò)張?jiān)趦?nèi)的人類活動(dòng)繼續(xù)對(duì)鳥類種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞。

4.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞組前文“Itsays,morethanhalftheworld'sbirdspeciesareindecline,

ashumanactivitiesincludingagricultureandexpansionintohabitatscontinueto（報(bào)告說,世界上

超過一半的鳥類物種正在減少，因?yàn)榘ㄞr(nóng)業(yè)在內(nèi)的人類活動(dòng)和棲息地的擴(kuò)張繼續(xù)）”及第二

段“Wehavealreadylostover160birdspeciesinthelast500years,andtherateofextinctionis

答案第1頁，共10頁

accelerating（在過去的500年里，我們已經(jīng)失去了160多種鳥類，滅絕的速度正在加快）”可知，

農(nóng)業(yè)和向棲息地?cái)U(kuò)張的人類活動(dòng)繼續(xù)對(duì)鳥類種群造成嚴(yán)重破壞。由此推知，劃線詞組wreak

havocon與seriouslydamag（嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞）意義接近。故選D項(xiàng)。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Analysisshowedthat5,412ofbirdspeciesworldwide,or49percent,

havedecliningpopulations,while38percentarestable,6percentareincreasing,and6percent

haveunknowntrends.Oneineightspeciesisthreatenedwithextinction,andalsohighlightedthe

massivescaleofpopulationlossinseveralwell-surveyedareas.（分析顯示，全球5412種鳥類（即

49%）的種群數(shù)量在下降，38%的種群數(shù)量穩(wěn)定，6%的種群數(shù)量正在增加，6%的鳥類數(shù)量呈

未知趨勢(shì)。每八個(gè)物種中就有一個(gè)面臨滅絕的威脅，這也突顯了在幾個(gè)調(diào)查良好的地區(qū)，人

口的大規(guī)模流失戶可推知，該報(bào)告通過分析數(shù)據(jù)顯示了世界鳥類的狀況。故選C項(xiàng)。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theexpansionandintensification（集約化）inagricultureisthe

leadingthreattobirds,thereportsaid,impactingatleast73percentofthreatenedspecies.（報(bào)告稱,

農(nóng)業(yè)的擴(kuò)張和集約化是鳥類面臨的主要威脅，至少影響了73%的受威脅物種廠可知，農(nóng)業(yè)的

擴(kuò)張和集約化是對(duì)鳥類的主要威脅故選B項(xiàng)。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“"Ifwegivenatureachance,itcanrecover,saidButchart,

whoischiefscientistforBirdLife."Thereisnodenyingthatthesituationisterrible,butweknow

howtoreversethesedeclines."（“如果我們給大自然一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，它可以恢復(fù)，“鳥類生命的首席

科學(xué)家布特?查特說。“無可否認(rèn)，情況很糟糕，但我們知道如何扭轉(zhuǎn)這種下滑?！睉艨赏茢?，

科學(xué)家們對(duì)減緩鳥類數(shù)量的下降很有信心。故選D項(xiàng)。

8.B9.D10.C11.C

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了焦慮癥的起因和癥狀表現(xiàn)。

8.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段劃線單詞后的部分“Itaffectsimmunesystemresponsesand

suppresses（抑制）thedigestivesystem,thereproductivesystem,andgrowthprocesses.^^（它會(huì)影

響免疫系統(tǒng)的反應(yīng)，抑制消化系統(tǒng)生殖系統(tǒng)和生長(zhǎng)過程。）可知，皮質(zhì)醇對(duì)這些功能是有抑

制作用的，推斷出curbs意為“抑制”，而restricts也翻譯為“抑制”。故選B項(xiàng)。

9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"Thegoodnewsisthatanxietyisverymanageablewithsome

combinationofmedication,therapy,andlifestyleadjustments.^^（好消息是焦慮在結(jié)合醫(yī)藥，治

療和生活方式的調(diào)整下是可控制的。）可知，焦慮通過各種方式的結(jié)合是可以控制的。故選

D項(xiàng)。

答案第2頁，共10頁

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Youmightperceivesomethingasthreateningevenwhenitisn'tor

gotogreatlengthstoavoiduncomfortablesituations.Youmightconstantlyoverthinkplansor

spendallofyourtimecreatingsolutionstoworst-casescenarios.Maybeyoufeelindecisiveand

fearmakingthewrongdecision.^^（你可能會(huì)把一些事情視作是威脅，盡管它并沒有威脅或者

竭盡全力避免不舒服的情況，你可能經(jīng)常過度思考計(jì)劃，或者把所有的時(shí)間都花在為最壞的

情況創(chuàng)造解決方案，你也許優(yōu)柔寡斷害怕做出最后的決定。）可知，A項(xiàng)”時(shí)不時(shí)地想辦法解

決最糟糕的情況。'B項(xiàng)"由于害怕出錯(cuò)而猶豫不決?！焙虳項(xiàng)“即使周圍沒有任何威脅，仍

感到不安或緊張?！笔墙箲]的典型癥狀，只有C項(xiàng)“在想象的情況下心跳加速，血壓升高”是

沒有提到的。故選C項(xiàng)。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thegoodnewsisthatanxietyisverymanageablewithsome

combinationofmedication,therapy,andlifestyleadjustments.^^（好消息是焦慮在結(jié)合醫(yī)藥，治

療和生活方式的調(diào)整下是可控制的。）可知，接下來會(huì)談到如何對(duì)焦慮癥進(jìn)行調(diào)整，推斷出

接下來會(huì)談到一些降低焦慮影響的小技巧。故選C項(xiàng)。

12.D13.A14.B15.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過照片描述了阿拉斯加地震后的景象，介紹了地震對(duì)山

體滑坡所造成的影響。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"Someofthemostattractivepicturestocomeoutofthe

Alaskaearthquakearethephotosthatshowslope（斜坡）failures,inwhichpartsofformerlysolid

hillscavedin,toreorletloose.”（阿拉斯加地震中一些最吸引人的照片是顯示斜坡破壞的照

片，在這些照片中，以前堅(jiān)固的山丘部分塌陷，撕裂或松動(dòng)。）可知，山體滑坡時(shí)會(huì)造成山體

的分開。故選D項(xiàng)。

13.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Buttheshakingcausedbyaquake-particularlyalargeonelike

whatoccurrednearAnchorageonFriday—caneitherspeeduptheprocessorcreateentirelynew

failuresthatwouldiVthaveotherwisehappened."（地震引起的震動(dòng)尤其大，就好像是星期五發(fā)

生在安克雷奇附近的大地震,要么會(huì)加速這一過程,要么會(huì)造成原本不會(huì)發(fā)生的全新滑坡。）

可知，地震對(duì)山體滑坡會(huì)加速山體滑坡的發(fā)生，推斷出地震對(duì)山體滑坡有巨大的影響。故選

A項(xiàng)。

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句"Suchanearthquakewouldbeexpectedtoproduceshaking

overalargearea,butprobablywithreasonablymodesttopgroundaccelerations,Friday's

答案第3頁，共10頁

earthquakewouldcertainlybefelt,butthesurfaceofEarthwouldn'tbemovingbadlyenoughto

producewidespreadlandslides."（這樣的地震在大范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生震動(dòng)是意料之中，但可能是在合

理適度的頂部地面加速度下，周五的地震肯定會(huì)被感覺到，但地球表面不會(huì)移動(dòng)嚴(yán)重，足以

產(chǎn)生廣泛的滑坡。）可知，這次地震并沒有產(chǎn)生很多震動(dòng)，這個(gè)結(jié)果出乎科學(xué)家的意料。故

選B項(xiàng)。

15.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句"There'salsodocumentationofblockspread,inwhich

partofthegroundbreaksoffahillandslidesawaymostlyperfect.''（關(guān)于塊狀擴(kuò)散的文件，其中

一部分地面脫離山丘，非常完整地滑落。）可知，在塊狀擴(kuò)散的情況下，部分地面脫離山丘，

非常完整地滑落。故選D項(xiàng)。

16.G17.D18.E19.A20.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在有貓咪的家庭引進(jìn)新的“家庭成員”時(shí)需要思考的

內(nèi)容和措施。

16.根據(jù)下文“Continuereadingfortipsonhowtodothat.（繼續(xù)閱讀有關(guān)如何做到這一點(diǎn)的建

議）”推知，空處在介紹建議。G項(xiàng)“有一個(gè)過程可以讓你和貓都減少壓力”引出下文，符合題

意。故選G。

17.上文“Yourexistingcat'sneedscomefirst.（你現(xiàn)有的貓的需求是第一位的）”以及下文“Does

yourcatpreferfemalecatsovermalecats?Ifhe/sheenjoysthecompanyoffemalecats,adopting

afemalecatcanhelp.（你的貓更喜歡母貓而不是公貓嗎？如果他/她喜歡母貓的陪伴，收養(yǎng)一

只母貓會(huì)有幫助）”說明要將你現(xiàn)有的貓的需求放在第一位，考慮現(xiàn)有的貓的喜好，D項(xiàng)“想

想你現(xiàn)有的貓的性格和習(xí)慣”承上啟下，符合題意。故選D.

18.上文“Catscanbeterritorialwhenitcomestotheirspace;thesamecanbetruefortheirowners

aswell.（貓?jiān)诳臻g上可能是有領(lǐng)土的；對(duì)它們的主人來說也是如此）”說明貓有領(lǐng)土意識(shí)，并

且對(duì)主人有占有意識(shí)，以及下文“Givingyourcatmorehugsandcareduringtheintroductionofa

newcatcanhelpeasehis/herbadfeeling.（在引進(jìn)新貓的過程中，給你的貓更多的擁抱和照顧

可以幫助緩解他/她的不良情緒戶說明貓會(huì)對(duì)新來的貓產(chǎn)生不良情緒，E項(xiàng)中envious是關(guān)鍵

詞，E項(xiàng)“如果你的貓覺得自己