自然拼讀法基本規(guī)則

自然拼讀法基本規(guī)則：二十六個(gè)字母的讀音(LetterSounds).五個(gè)元音字母(a,e,i,o,u),每個(gè)發(fā)兩種音：長音(其字母音)和短音y不在單詞開頭時(shí)，一般被看做元音單元音單詞拼讀(Consonant-Vowel-ConsonantCombinations)如果一個(gè)英語單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音，且元音不在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)短音.如：Sam,cat,mat,等等.BeginningConsonantsEndingConsonantsOneVowelWord,ShortVowelSounds雙元音單詞拼讀(TwoVowelWords):一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里有兩個(gè)元音時(shí)，一般來說，前邊一個(gè)元音發(fā)長音(其字母音)，后邊一個(gè)元音不發(fā)音.如:make,mail,may,hay,say,see,sea,meet,meat,key,five,nine,tie,road,coat,toe,cute等等等.雙/三輔音在一起時(shí)的聯(lián)讀(ConsonantBlends)Beginningconsonantblends(bl,br,cl,cr,dr,fl,fr,gl,fr,pl,pr,sc,sk,sl,sm,sn,sp,st,sw,tr,tw,scr,spl,str)Endingconsonantblends(ft,lf,lm,lp,lt,mp,nd,nk,nt,pt,sk,st)Wordsendinginll,ss,ffConsonantdigraphs(ch,th,sh,wh)特殊讀法⑴-帶元音的特殊讀法(IrregularVowels)igh,ing,ind,ild,ar,or,oi,oy,alt,alk,ost,old,er,ir,ur,ew,sion,tion,eigh,all,ow,ow,ou,ay,ous,ed,ed(t),ed(d),aw,au,oo,oo以上字母組合作為整體音節(jié)發(fā)音。需記住它們所發(fā)的音。Examples:ar(car,far),air(hair),are(hare),au,augh(caught),aw(hawk)al,all(all,tall,mall,hall),alk(talk,walk),alt(halt,salt),ay(may,play)ew(new,few),eigh(eight,weight),ed:says/ed/:patted,landed,liftedsays/t/:walked,hopped,stoppedsays/d/:cried,played,cheweder(sister,brother),ir(girl,fir,firm),ur(burn,hurt)ie(field),ing(king,sing,dancing),ind(find,kind,behind),ild(mild,wild,child),igh(high,night,light),ireoi(oil,boil),oy(boy,toy),old(old,cold),ost(most,host),olt,oo(book),oo(tool,school),or(or,for,horn),ow(讀音一：cow,now,how,bow；讀音二：bow,low,blow,snow),ou(shout,out,loud)ould(could,would),ough(五種不同的讀音：cough,through,ought,slough,plough),ought,,ous(famous,nervous),ue(cruel),ui(fluid)tion(attention,fiction),sion(passion,expression),endingsounds:ang,ong,ung,edge,le特殊讀法(2)如果一個(gè)單詞或音節(jié)里只有一個(gè)元音，而且元音在末尾，這個(gè)元音一般發(fā)長音(其字母音)(Vowelattheend).如：me,hi,go,baby,table,humor,hibernate等等。Y在末尾(作為元音處理)(yattheend)：單音節(jié)詞，沒有其他元音，y發(fā)”l”(onesyllableword,yattheend(pronouncedas“I”)):my,why,fly,sky多音節(jié)詞,y發(fā)”E”的音(twoormoresyllables,yattheend(pronouncedas“E”)):daddy,mommy,baby,honey,crazy特殊讀法⑶-固定讀音的單詞⑸ghtWord):is,are,the,a,to,here,hey,have,son,love,come,give,field等.它們不遵守前邊的發(fā)音規(guī)則，需要死記硬背。特殊讀法⑷-輔音的特殊讀法有一些輔音不發(fā)音(silentconsonants).Silentb:comb,lambSilenth:ghostSilentk:knife,knock,knob,know...Silentw:write,wrist,wreck...和在一起時(shí)，發(fā)一個(gè)音:quick,black等.總是和在一起：quite,quick,quit,quilt等.之所以指出這一點(diǎn)，是在這里u不能再被認(rèn)為是元音，而是和q—起組成一個(gè)輔音組合.于是，在quite這個(gè)單詞里只有兩個(gè)元音，是雙元音單詞，第一個(gè)元音i發(fā)字母音，第二個(gè)元音e不發(fā)音.和在一起，發(fā)/f/的音:phone,photo.復(fù)數(shù)s及末尾s的讀音(Pluralsandthesoundsofendings)c和g的兩種讀音：如果i(或y)或者e跟在c或者g的后邊,c發(fā)/s/,g發(fā)/j/的音:center,cigar,nice,mice,gem,giant,gym,page.其他情況下,c發(fā)/k/,g發(fā)/g/:can,clap,cup,great,glad,got,goat,log.特殊情況：get,give多音節(jié)單詞和復(fù)合詞(Wordswithmultiplesyllablesandcompoundwords)多音節(jié)單詞：believe,multiple,syllable,compound復(fù)合詞:homework,highway,sidewalk,inside,outside自然發(fā)音二十八條拼讀規(guī)則字母q總是與u在一起，讀做/kw/,此處u不作元音.字母c在字母e,y,i前讀做/s/(cent,city,cycle),其他字母前讀做/k/(cut,cap,cop).字母e,i,y之前的字母g可以讀做/j/(page,giant,gym),其中字母e,i之前的g也可以不讀做/j/(get,girl,give);其它字母之前的g讀做/g/(gate,go,gust).元音a,e,o,u在音節(jié)結(jié)尾(開音節(jié))一般讀做字母音(長音a,e,o,u),有助于學(xué)生正確劃分并拼讀元音字母+輔音字母+元音字母的不熟悉單詞(report^ratherthanreport).字母i和y經(jīng)常讀做/i/(big,gym),但是也可讀做l(silent,my,type).一個(gè)英語單詞用字母y而不是i的結(jié)尾(my,by).有五種情況末尾的字母e不發(fā)音.(如me,she,和he的短單詞末尾的字母e讀做e,較長的單詞末尾的e不發(fā)音)尾字母e不發(fā)音應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是”havingajob”(承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)工作)bakegenetime/typecodecute使他前面的元音字母發(fā)字母音..lovegivebluetrue使我們不要以一個(gè)v和一個(gè)u結(jié)束一個(gè)單詞.chancebodicechargeallege使g和c讀軟音/j/和/s/.littlecastlebottledabblefiddle避免一個(gè)音節(jié)沒有一個(gè)元音字母.arenurseraisebyeeweowecause這一條被Spalding女士叫做無工作尾字母e;Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e,并說前四條之外的不發(fā)音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.7.5.1使一個(gè)不是復(fù)數(shù)形式的單詞不要以s結(jié)尾(dense而不是dens,purse不是purs,false不是fals).加長短的主意詞(main-idea),如awe,ewe,rye區(qū)分同音異形詞的含義.如or/orefor/fore.中英語和外來語中(那里的尾字母e是要發(fā)音的)留下來的,現(xiàn)在不發(fā)音.如treatisegiraffe有五種字母組合發(fā)/er/的音/,記住下面的句子.Hernursefirstworksearly.這個(gè)句子是按英語用法中的降序排列的.另外,or在w后業(yè)可以發(fā)/er/的音.還要記住有些詞尾的ar和or也發(fā)/er/的音.如dollar,doctor.1-1-1規(guī)則:單音節(jié)單詞中,結(jié)尾是單元音加單個(gè)輔音的,在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時(shí),需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化.(如hophopped).但是詞尾是x除外，因?yàn)樗蓛蓚€(gè)音/ks/.2-1-1規(guī)則:雙音節(jié)詞中,結(jié)尾是單元音加單個(gè)輔音的,在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化時(shí),需要將末尾的輔音字母再寫一次再加詞尾變化(beginbegin+ning).第二個(gè)音節(jié)不重讀的不能雙寫末尾輔音字母(enter,profit,budget).去e規(guī)則，以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單詞在添加以元音開始的詞尾變化是需要去掉末尾不發(fā)音的e.(comecoming)是ie還是ei?一般情況下,應(yīng)該是ie,但是1)c之后用ei;2)發(fā)字母a的音時(shí),用ei(neighbor,weigh,vein).還有下面的例外情形Neitherforeignsovereignseizedcounterfeitforfeitedleisure.Plus:eitherweirdproteinheifer:音素sh用在一個(gè)基本詞的開頭或是結(jié)尾(she,dish),還用在一個(gè)音節(jié)的結(jié)尾(finish)，但絕對(duì)不會(huì)在后一個(gè)音節(jié)的開頭，除非是以ship結(jié)尾(worship,friendship).音素si,ti,ci最常用在一個(gè)基本詞的第二及以后的開頭，發(fā)音/sh/.常常可以通過考察詞根和根詞來確定發(fā)/sh/時(shí)用什么樣的音素.比如infecttoinfectious/collecttocollection/potenttopotentialmusictomusician/spacetospacious/financetofinancialsoci(companion)tosocial/ancien(old)toancientcruc(cross)tocrucial/speci(kind)tospecial音素si在前一個(gè)音節(jié)以s結(jié)尾時(shí)(session)發(fā)/sh/,—個(gè)基本詞經(jīng)過詞尾變化后只有一個(gè)s(tensetension),其中的音素si發(fā)/sh/.discusstodiscussion/compresstocompression/admistoadmission音素si可以發(fā)/zh/,如vision,division,occasion,explosion.只有一個(gè)元音的單音節(jié)詞，常常雙寫詞尾的l,s,f.比如will,off,miss.有時(shí)雙音節(jié)詞也用到這條規(guī)則,如recess詞尾為長音a時(shí)，常用ay在詞尾而不是a.(bay,day,decay)元音i和o后面有兩個(gè)輔音時(shí)，常發(fā)長音.(find,old)s從不在x后，音素x包含一個(gè)/s/音,/ks/.去L規(guī)則1:all單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)I,但在前綴中只有一個(gè)l.(almost,also,although).去L規(guī)則2:till和full單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)l,作后綴只有一個(gè)l.(until,plentiful).音素dge只用在單元音后面,而且這個(gè)元音發(fā)短音(badge,edge,bridge,lodge,budge).Y變丨規(guī)則：進(jìn)行詞尾變化時(shí)，詞尾是一個(gè)輔音字母+y,要變y為i.下列兩種情況駐外⑴加-ing,(2)變后會(huì)引起音節(jié)分裂.city/citiesbeauty/beautifulplay/playerfunny/funniestmultiply/multiplyingrely/reliablecry/crieddeny/denied音素ck只用在單元音后，而且這個(gè)元音發(fā)短音(back,neck,lick,rock,duck).字母開頭的z永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)/z/,不會(huì)發(fā)/s/.音素ed有三個(gè)音，基本詞以/t/和/d/音結(jié)尾,ed發(fā)/ed/(dividedivided,heatheated);基本詞以濁輔音結(jié)尾的,ed發(fā)/d/(lived),以清輔音結(jié)尾的發(fā)/t/(stopped)單詞常常(always)在雙輔音間分音節(jié)[但要注意不要把輔音字母組合分開(如mathematic)],重讀音節(jié)的輔音才發(fā)音，非重讀音節(jié)的輔音不發(fā)音little.自然拼音拼讀練習(xí)表第一天：aeioua_ee_ei_eo_eu_eAa:matmapbagcathatfanbatappleEe:eggwellredpennethenbedbellIi:licksixbibpigpinkissinkhillOo:oxonoctopusboxsockoperateostrichUu:sunumbrellacupbusnutgununcleundercapenametapelakegamemaketakehatetheseJapaneseChinesebitefiveninekitemineniceridesiderosenoseropenoteposehomerodethosetubecubeJunecutehuge弟一大:aiayeeeaeyieighoaowuiueai:tailrainpaintpainjailrailnailmaiday:bayraywaysayhaypayMaylayee:reedseelbeepeeljeepfeetseeteethea:seameatpeanuteaglepeachtealeafpeaey:donkeymonkeyjockeyturkeymonkeyhockeykeytrolleyie:tiepieliedieigh:rightsightnighttighthightfighthighsighoa:roadtoasttoadcoalgoatboatcoatsoapow:rainbowpillowyellowwindowbowlrowhollowlowui:suitjuicefruitue:Suebluegluetrue第三天:arerirurorar:armcararmchaircardcartfarmparkgardener:sisterbrotherunderroosterwintermermaidmarkermotherir:birthdaycircusdirtybirdcircledirtgirlur:turtlesurfingturkeyfurhurtpursenurseor:porchporkhorsehornfortmorningcornfork第四天:ouowoioyauawooooeaou:houseoutmouthcountfountainmountainshoutmouseow:cowtowelclownowlcrownbrownflowertoweroi:coinoilpointnoiseboilsoilpoisoncoiloy:oysterboycowboysoytoyau:augustsausesausagenaughtyautumnapplauseaw:pawdrawsawstrawstrawberrylawnoo:moonzooroofroosterbootsfoodspoonroomcoolfoolboomfoolishoo:bookcookgoodfootlookhookea:headsweatersweatpearleadbearleatherfeather第五天:chshwhphththknwrmbch:beachlunchcheesebenchchurchchickenchaircherrysh:sheepshirtshipfishdishpushshoesshovelwh:whalewhitewheelwheatwhipwhistlewheelchairwhisperph:photoelephanttelephonetrophypharmacyalphabetth:brotherfeatherleatherfathermotherth:thumbthreebathmatthirstythiefbathmouthteethkn:knobkneeknifeknockknitwr:wristwrinklewrapwreathwritemb:thumblambbombcombcrumbnumb第六天:blflplclglbrcrgrprfrtrdrbl:blueblackblousebloombleachblanketblondehairfl:flatfluflyflameflutefloorflagflowerpl:planeplayplusplanetplatformplumplateplantcl:clockcloudcleanclayclimbcloseclapclowngl:gloveglobeglassglueglassesgliderbr:brightbrookbrimbridebrownbreadbrickbrothercr:crowncrabcreamcrowcrayoncrocodilecrycroissantgr:graygreengrassgrapesgroundgrowgrandmapr:prixepriceprawnpressprinceprincessprayfr:frogfrostFridayFrenchfriesfruitfrontfriendframetr:tractortrucktraintraytreetriangletrunktrolleydr:dreamdrumdrydropdrawdrivedressdrink第七天:smsnslswspstscskallewysm:smilesmallsmellsmokesmoothsn:snowmansnowsnoresnakesnailsneakerssneakerssnacksl:slowslapsleepslideslopesledsw:switchswallowswanswimsweetswingsweatersweatsp:spiderspaceshipspinachspoonspellst:stockingsstorestarstampstormstickstudentstandsc:scarfscooterscannerscarecrowscalescorpionscoopsk:skunkskisskirtskatesall:calltallfallballwallew:dewfewviewhewnewnephewnewspaperYy:skyflydryspytypeshycrymyYy:Minysunnypuppydizzydirtyponyhappybaby自然拼音強(qiáng)化練習(xí)：TonguetwisterAbigblackbearsatonabigblackbug.Abigblackbugbitabigblackdogonhisbigblacknose!Cat,Cat,catchthatfatrat.Afatcatca