過去分詞做定語

Grammar過去分詞V-ed的用法4.作狀語1.作定語2.作表語3.作補(bǔ)語過去分詞The______(fall)leavesarebeautiful.Theywere________(excite).fallenexcitedThe29thOlympicGame_______(hold)inBeijingwassuccessful.held定語表語定語V-ed(動詞的過去分詞)，在句中可以作定語、表語。

一顆破碎的心

丟失的孩子已經(jīng)升起的太陽abroken

heart

therisensunalost

child注意過去分詞做定語的位置acloseddoor

abrokenwindowapollutedriver

alightedcandle一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭ausedstamp一枚用過的郵票一個醉鬼adrunken/drunkman一、過去分詞作定語1.前置定語歸納1：單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞_______。之前注意:單個過去分詞修飾

something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those

等不定代詞時，要放在這些詞______。Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.后面peopleaddictedtodrugsanovel

writtenbyLuxuntheadvicegiventothepatientanoldman

supportedbyhissonaschoolbuiltfororphansapicturepaintedbyLeonardodaVinciawomandressedinwhite2.過去分詞短語作定語：通常位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞_____，其作用相當(dāng)于定語從句。1)It’sapicture_______________paintedbyLeonardodaVinci2)Therewasawoman____________dressedinwhitethat/whichwasthat/whowas后面Practice：仿寫TThebookwhichiswrittenbyHanHanispopularwithstudents.=ThebookwrittenbyHanHanispopularwithstudents.

TheplayerlovedbymanypeopleisYaoMing.=TheplayerwhoislovedbymanypeopleisYaoMing.2.ThegirlwhoisdressedinredisKelly’slong-lostfriend.

=Thegirl_________________isKelly’slong-lostfriend.練習(xí)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Athiefstolethegoatthatwastiredtothetree.=Athiefstolethegoat______tothetree.tireddressedinred3.Thecastle,whichwasburntdowninthesixteenthcentury,wasneverrebuilt.

=Thecastle,_________________________________,wasneverrebuilt.

burntdowninthesixteenthcentury4.Fatherbeatthesonwhowaslostintheonlinegames.

=Fatherbeattheson________intheonlinegames.

lost5.Theproject,whichwasdesignedbytheChineseengineers,wasconstructedinonly2year.=Theproject,_________________________________,wasconstructedinonly2year.

designedbythechineseengineersThebook___________________(一本農(nóng)民寫的書)isverypopular.Thebuilding__________________(去年建的樓房)collapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.Theproblem__________________________(在昨天會議上討論的)wasverydifficulttosolve.Thewindow______________________(被那個頑皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.writtenbythefarmerbuiltlastyeardiscussedatthemeetingyesterdaybrokenbythatnaughtyboy現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語，有何區(qū)別呢？教育What’sthedifference？現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞Theboiling

waterThebarking

dogTheinjured

dog時間語態(tài)She’sdrinkingboiledwater.1.語態(tài)上現(xiàn)在分詞:表示主動的動作過去分詞:表示被動的動作Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞在做定語時的區(qū)別：2.時間上現(xiàn)在分詞:表示正在進(jìn)行過去分詞:表示完成

therisingsuntherisensun

thefallingleavesthefallenleaves

boilingwaterboiledwater

achangingworldachangedworld

thedevelopingcountry

the

develoedcountry結(jié)論：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,表示動作__________,_______意義;過去分詞作定語,表示動作在謂語之前已_______,或具有________意義.正在進(jìn)行主動被動完成區(qū)別Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.(主動、進(jìn)行）Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.(被動、正在建)Thehousebuilt

overthereisashop.（被動、已建好）Thehousetobebuiltoverthereisdesignedbyafamousarchitect（被動、將來）Hisbook____________lastyearsellswell.Hisbook_____________nowwillbeonsalenextyear.Hisbook_____________nextyearwillbehisbestone.publishedbeingpublished

tobepublishedpublish位于系動詞后，不表示“被動”或“完成”，而是表示主語的狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)或思想感情等。相當(dāng)于形容詞1.Theyareexcited.2.Helookedworriedafterreadingthe

letter.3.Whenweheardofthis,weweredeeplymoved.二、過去分詞作表語系動詞的分類：“似乎類”：“感覺類”：

“變成類”：“仍然類”：基本形式：Be(am,is,are)seem,appear,lookfeel,sound,smell,tastebecome,go,get,grow,fall,turnremain,stay,keep1.Theywere________tohearthe_______news.(delight)2.Theteacherannouncedthe_______newswithan_______voice.(excite)4.Therewasa_________(surprise)lookonhisface.5.Thestorywasso________(move)thathewas_______(move)totears.delighteddelightingexcitedexciting歸納:與感覺相關(guān)的及物動詞，其過去分詞含有被動含義，即“人被引起某種感覺”，多用來形容人、人的聲音或者表情。而其現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義，即“令人有某種感覺”surprisedmovingmovedV-ing

與V-ed

作表語的區(qū)別區(qū)別分詞作表語，此時分詞通常已形容詞化。由-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示“令人…的”，而-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞化的過去分詞則表示“某人感到…的”。常用的這類詞有：interestinginterestedexcitingexcitedtiringtiredpleasingpleaseddisappointingdisappointedsatisfyingsatisfiedsurprisingsurprisedpuzzlingpuzzledworryingworriedencouragingencouragedastonishingastonishedfrighteningfrightened①ThewindowwasbrokenbyJack.②Thebookiswellwritten.③Thebookwaswrittenbyasoldier.④Heisverytiredafteralongwalk.(被動語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所承受的動作。)窗戶是杰克打碎的。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)。)這本書寫得很好。(被動語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所承受的動作。)這本書是一位戰(zhàn)士寫的。(系表結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)。)走了很長的路，他感到很累。系表結(jié)構(gòu)？被動語態(tài)？Thelibraryisclosed.Thelibraryisclosedbytheteacher.V-ed作表語表主語的狀態(tài)，被動語態(tài)表示被動的動作?！跋祫釉~+過去分詞（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）狀態(tài)（系表結(jié)構(gòu)）動作(被動語態(tài)）區(qū)別Myglassesarebroken.Myglasseswerebrokenbymylittlebrother.

狀態(tài)動作be+過去分詞表狀態(tài)時，是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而表示動作時，是被動語態(tài)，而且動作的執(zhí)行者由by引出過去分詞作表語，通常表示主語的所處的狀態(tài)。AcompetitionC解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌opaysb.bythehour”

計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayCWhathehasdoneisreally____.

Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointed;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby

Asisknowntousall,travelingis____,butweoftenfeel_____whenwearebackfromtravels.

A.interesting;tiredB.interested;tiring.C.interesting;tiringD.interested;tired2.Hearingthe___news,weallfelt____

A.encouraging;encouraging

B.encouraged;encouragedC.encouraged;encouragingD.encouraging;encouraged3.Fromthedates___onthegoldcoin,itisconfirmedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.

A.markingB.markedC.tobemarkedD.havingbeenmarkedExercisesLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。過去分詞作定語和表語的區(qū)別:定語放在名詞和代詞的前面或后面

表示動作完成或被動表語放在be動詞或系動詞的后面說明主語的狀態(tài)或特征Sumup

過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語四種情況2.看watch,notice,see,lookat,observecatch

聽

hear,listento

感feel

聞smell

發(fā)現(xiàn)find3.情感

want,wish,like1.使役

keep,leave,get,have,makesth./sb.done+4.with＋賓語＋過去分詞使役動詞get,have,make,keep,leave

等后,可用過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語,表：“致使某人或某事被…”Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist’s.Ihadmyhair______yesterday.

cutHegothisleginjured.Hegothisglassesbroken.Hegothiswalletstolen.Ihadmyrecorderrepaired.

(Iaskedsomebodyelsetorepairit.)Ihadtheroomcleaned.(Iorganizedit.)Hehadhisfootinjured.(somethingbadhappened.)had+賓語+過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的用法

“使役動詞

have+賓語＋過去分詞”的幾種含義

Note1

1.意為“主語請別人做某事”。例如：Hewantstohavehiseyesexaminedtomorrow.2.意為“主語遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不測的事情。Becareful,oryou'llhaveyourhandshurt.3.意為“使完成某事”，事情既可以是別人做完，也可以由主語參與完成4.Hehadthewallspaintedthismorning.

他今早把墻漆了。（主語自己可能參與）2.感官動詞feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch

等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞之后,

表:“感受到某人或某事被…”。IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.

Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.Isaw___________________.bitehimbittenbyadogXiaoXinfoundallhismoney________(steal)onhiswayhome.stolenIsawthem______intherain.(catch)caught3.

表示“意欲;命令”的動詞如:

like,order,want,wish,相當(dāng)于過去分詞短語前省略了tobe,表示“希望/要求某人或某事被…”。Iwishtheseletters(tobe)

typedassoonaspossible.Hedidn’twantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaughtthepiano.4在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語，主要表示被動和完成意義。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來，雙手被綁在身后。Withtreesplantedroundtheclassroombuildings,ourschoollooksmorebeautiful.教學(xué)大樓周圍種了許多樹，我們學(xué)校看上去更漂亮了。unfinishedMymotherneverallowmetoplaycomputergameswithmyhomework____________.（finish）“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)還可以在句中作時間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(表方式)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.(表?xiàng)l件)

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.(表原因)省略to的情況：1)使役動詞let,have,make;2)感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ),省略to。注意:在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.Note3Exercise:2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepairedC

3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplantedA

B用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself_________(understand)clearlywithoutexplainingthequestion.2.Themanagerwashappytoseeallof

theproblems______(settle)so

quickly.understoodsettled

3.WhenIenteredtheoffice,Ifoundthewindow_______(break)andthecomputer______(steal).4.Jameshadsomeflowers_____(send)toSarahonherbirthday.brokenstolensentErrors:

Itwasgettingdark;Ifoundacarstickinginapoolbythesideoftheroad.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitedforme.Hehadtroublemakinghimselfunderstanding.Doyounoticethegirldressinginredcoat?Withthehillscoveringwithfallenleaves,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.stuckwaitingunderstooddressedcovered注意：動詞seat,hide,dress等的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語一般表示狀語而不表示被動的意義,因此,雖然賓語與它們存在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系,但也只能用它們的過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如:WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecorner.我進(jìn)來時,發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生的女孩坐在角落里。辨析

過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別

Note2

Isawhimgetoffthebus.Isawhimknockeddownbyacar.Isawhimlyingontheroadjustnow.現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞與不定式作補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別Fillintheblanks.Iheardsomeone_________me.Iheardmyname________.IfoundTom_______thewindow.Ifoundthewindow_______.callingcalledbreakbroken

Isawhimtakeawaythedictionaryjustnow.

(拿走了那本字典)Isawhimtakingawaythedictionaryonthedesk..(正在拿那本字典)Isawthedictionarytakenawaybyachild.

(字典被拿走了)(to)do動作全過程已結(jié)束v-ing

動作正在進(jìn)行pp.表被動完成1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Themeetingendedwithnothing____.A.tosettleB.besettledC.settlingD.settledexercises4.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother'svoice______him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall

5.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound________.A.exposingB.exposeC.toexposeD.exposed6.Ididn’thearyou____in.A.cameB.comeC.tocomeD.comingPastparticiple(3)

usedasAdverbial&Attribute過去分詞作定語和狀語的用法Review1.Ilikereadingthenovels______(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl______(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).4.Hespokeloudlyinordertomakehimself______(hear).5.Ifoundthelittlegirl______(cry)atthecorner.writtenwritingrepairedheardcrying6.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse_______(paint)white.7.Therewasa_________(surprise)lookonhisface.8.Hewas______(excite)atthegoodnews.9.Thestorywasso________(move)thathewas_______(move)totears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmoved二：過去分詞作狀語，一是表被動的動作，二是表動作已經(jīng)完成。通常作如下幾種狀語：1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill1.時間狀語,

可在過去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等.2.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Untilspokento3.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.

Whenheated,

icewillbechangedintowater.2.原因狀語1.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords2.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened3.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.

Doneinahurry,

hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.3.條件狀語1.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Givenmoretime2.Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.Heatedtoahightemperature3.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.

Comparedwithyou,

westillhavealongwaytogo.4.讓步狀語1.Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.Thoughwarnedofthestorm2.EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited3.Althoughwewereexhaustedbytheclimb,

wecontinuedourjourney,wecontinuedourjourney.Exhaustedbytheclimb,wecontinuedourjourney.5.方式、伴隨狀語相當(dāng)于and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)1.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.FollowedbyagroupofstudentsThehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.

2.Thehunterlefthishouse,and

hewasfollowedbyhisdog.

Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.

3.Shesatbythewindow,andshewaslostinthought.lost表示一種迷失心理狀態(tài)Whenhewasaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.IfIamgivenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.Becausehewasbornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.Whenaskedwhyhedidn’tdoit,hebegantocry.Givenmoretime,I’llcatchupwithyou.Bornandbroughtupinthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.(時間)(條件)(原因)用過去分詞修改下列句子4.Althoughtheyhadbeendefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.5.Theteacherstoodthereandwassurroundedbythestudents.Althoughdefeatedmanytimes,theycontinuedtofight.Theteacherstoodthere，surroundedbythestudents.(讓步)(伴隨)三：過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語過去分詞表完成、被動,與主句主語之間是被動關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行,主動,與主句主語之間是主動關(guān)系。如果一個被動的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,則可使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式(havingbeendone)或過去分詞(done)。attention1.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.—wefollowed(跟著那個老人,我們上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那個老人跟著,我們上去了)Compare（伴隨）（伴隨）3.從上面看,體育場好像一個鳥巢。

____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.從太空看,宇航員看不到長城。

____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenDifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_____foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。______

thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。________

ather,

hejumpedwithjoy._______atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.UsedUsingLookingLookedWhen________Londonatnight,you’reabitlikeinadream.When_______atnight,youmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.visit______fromthehill,wecanseeabeautifulpark.______fromthehill,theparkisbeautiful.seevisitingvisitedSeeingSeen穿著白衣服，她看起來真美。團(tuán)結(jié)一致，我們巍然挺立；各自為政，我們一事無成。Dressedinwhite,shelooksreallypretty.United,westand;divided,wefall.【注意】

選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。1)過去分詞在句子中可以作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語、條件狀語和讓步狀語等。2)過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語一致。SummaryIfcaught，thepolicewillpunishthethief。Ifcaught，thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice。注意:用分詞短語作狀語時,它邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致,否則分詞短語就要有自己的邏輯主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu).Alloursavingsgone,westartedlookingforjobs.2.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(×)3).過去分詞作狀語時，其前可以帶相應(yīng)的連詞，如when，though，asif，if，unless，until，once，等

Thoughtoldtostop，thetwogirlskeptontalkingatthemeetingOncelost，suchachancemightnevercomeagain。generallyspeaking一般說來,given鑒于,judgingfrom/by根據(jù)…來看,judgedbyconsidering考慮到,supposingthat假如,talkingof說到,seeing(that)鑒于，由于

4)有些固定用法：1.____fromhisappearance,heisverystrong.

A.JudgingB.BeingjudgedC.TojudgeD.Judge2.____thatheill,hisworkshouldbedonebyothers.

A.ConsideredB.ToconsiderC.ConsideringD.ConsiderACExercises:1.____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.

FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.havingbeenfollowed12.Therewasaterriblenoi