人教版選修七單元一-Book7Unit1-語(yǔ)法-不定式課件

不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。但不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，在句中可以作主、賓、賓補(bǔ)、表、定、狀等。Grammar:theInfinitive1一.不定式在句中的功能1.作主語(yǔ):那樣做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.為避免句子出現(xiàn)“頭重腳輕”現(xiàn)象，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，將真正主語(yǔ)的不定式后置。要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)不是那么容易的。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.22.作賓語(yǔ)她喜歡談?wù)撨@件事情。Shelovestotalkaboutthematter.他希望不久能找到工作。Hehopestofindajobsoon.3常接不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：promise,hope,love,ask,attempt,begin,choose,continue,decide,hate,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,refuse,want,wish等.4

你記得哪一條路到那兒?jiǎn)幔?/p>

Doyourememberwhichwaytoget

there?

我來(lái)問(wèn)他怎么樣開(kāi)這機(jī)器。

I’llaskhimhowtooperatethemachine.1)有時(shí)不定式和連接代詞/副詞構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)。52)有時(shí)不定式由whether引起。

Ididn’tknowwhethertolaughorcryaboutit.3)feel,find,judge,make,think,believe,consider等動(dòng)詞后如果是不定式做賓語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)是形容詞或名詞，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，把不定式后移。我發(fā)現(xiàn)和他一起工作很困難。

Ifinditdifficulttoworkwithhim.6Sheaskedmetostaythere.PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.【譯】爸爸不允許我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠?。Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):

動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+todo7常帶

to的不定式做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:

ask,beg,prefer,help,promise,wish,want,expect,permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach等。8在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中,下列動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式應(yīng)省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have)“兩聽(tīng)”(hear,listento)“一感覺(jué)”(feel)。Whomadehimworkallnightlong?Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Don’tmakethechildrendosuchheavywork.但是,改為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后,應(yīng)補(bǔ)出省略的to。Hewasseentobreakthewindow.9Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.104.作表語(yǔ)不定式可用作表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的具體內(nèi)容。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生。Hisdreamistobeadoctor.我的工作是幫助病人。Myjobistohelpthepatient.

11我的抱負(fù)是在電腦公司里工作。Myambitionistoworkinacomputerfirm.125.作定語(yǔ)不定式放在被修飾的名詞、代詞后面，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Sheisthefirststudenttocometoschool.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Sheislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.136.作狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ):

常用的結(jié)構(gòu)—todo,inordertodo,soastodo.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):

常與only,enough或too連用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因狀語(yǔ):一般用在句尾。I’mgladtoseeyou.14二、

不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)：not+todo否定副詞not,never,seldom,hardly等要置于to前。請(qǐng)告訴你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。Pleasetellyourchildnottoplayinthestreet.15三.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)：一般時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作,有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后。

Heseemstoknowthis.他似乎知道這事。

Ihope

to

seeyouagain.我希望再見(jiàn)到你。2.完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。很抱歉給了你這么多麻煩。

I’msorryto

havegivenyousomuchtrouble.163.一般進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。他好象正在吃什么東西。

Heseemstobe

eatingsomething.4.完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并延續(xù)

至說(shuō)話的時(shí)候。據(jù)說(shuō)她研究這問(wèn)題有好多年了。

Sheissaidtohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears.17不定式主動(dòng)形式用法一般式todo在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedone在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生一般進(jìn)行式tobedoing與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing動(dòng)作從過(guò)去延續(xù)至說(shuō)話時(shí)。18PracticeShereachedthetopofthehillandstopped______onabigrock.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest2.We’replanning______apartynextweek.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.hadC

A

193.Whichdoyouprefer____yourweekends,fishingorwatchingTV?Neither.A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend4.Didyoufindout_____thepieoutoftheoven?A.whentotakeB.totakeC.havetakenD.beingtakenB

A

205._____getacompletepicture,furtherinformationisneeded.A.InorderthatB.InordertoC.BeingD.Tohave6.It’snecessary____someEnglishgrammar.A.forstudentstolearnB.forstudentslearningC.ofstudentstolearnD.ofstudentslearningB

A

217.Ioughtto____himthenews,butIforgottodoso.A.remembertotellB.remembertellingC.haverememberedtotellD.haverememberedtellingC

228.I____youtheexcitingnews,butyouwerenotathome.A.meanttellingB.meanttotellingC.meanttohavingtoldD.meanttotellD

231.Itisgoodtohelpothers.2.Myambitionistoworkinthecomputerfirm.3.Idon'thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.4.Abigcompanyhasdecidedtobuy

itfromme.5.Ihavehadtoworkhardtoliveanormallife.6.Wem