高中語法定語從句介詞+關(guān)系代詞-必修二

定語從句：介詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞1.用法

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時,從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導2.結(jié)構(gòu)

先行詞是人用

“介詞+whom”

先行詞是物用“介詞+which”e.g.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.

Thegirlaboutwhomwearetalkingisadoctor.我們正在談?wù)摰哪莻€女孩是個醫(yī)生。他曾經(jīng)上學的學校非常著名。知識結(jié)構(gòu)圖：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”⑴先行詞是⑵選介詞介詞+whom介詞+which人物①介詞與先行詞的關(guān)系

②從句里謂語動詞或形容

詞的固定搭配

③句子表達的意義

介詞+關(guān)系代詞介詞+關(guān)系代詞:介詞的選擇根據(jù)先行詞來確定介詞Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhefailedintheexam.ThisisthevillageinwhichIstayedlastnight.IwillneverforgetthefarmonwhichIworkedwithyou.ontheday在那天inthevillage在鄉(xiāng)村onthefarm在農(nóng)場介詞+關(guān)系代詞:介詞的選擇2.根據(jù)定從中的謂語動詞或形容詞確定介詞HeisthepersonfromwhomIlearnalot.TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.ThemanwithwhomIshookhandsjustnowisateacher.learnfromsb.向某人學習befamousfor:因…..而聞名shakehandswithsb.與某人握手介詞+關(guān)系代詞:介詞的選擇3.根據(jù)主從句的句意確定介詞

Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.Thepen,withwhichheiswritingnow,wasboughtyesterday.Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.介詞+關(guān)系代詞1.有些含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開,介詞仍放在后面,如:lookfor,lookafter,lookforwardto,takecareof等e.g.Thebabywhomthenurseislookingafterisveryhealthy.

注意：Thewinterholidaythatwehavelookedforwardtoforalongtimeiscoming.ThisisthewatchIamlookingfor.介詞+關(guān)系代詞2.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有不定代詞(some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等),數(shù)詞,百分數(shù),或形容詞最高級修飾。Shehastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.

注意：Thereare40studentsinourclass,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.Ihavemanyfriends,thetallestofwhomisLee.介詞+關(guān)系代詞3.若先行詞為時間名詞,地點名詞或reason,“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可用相關(guān)的關(guān)系副詞when,where,why替換e.g.Beijingisthecity_________________

hehaslivedmanyyears.

注意：Thereason________________hewaslateisn’tclear.Iremembertheday________________Igoabroad.inwhich=(where)onwhich=(when)forwhich=(why)介詞+關(guān)系代詞4.whose引導的定語從句,關(guān)系代詞whose可替換為“the+名詞+of+which/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+the+名詞”e.g.注意：Iknowaboywhosefatherisadoctor.Iliveinthehousewhoseroofisred.=theroofofwhichisred.=ofwhichtheroofisred.=thefatherofwhomisadoctor.=ofwhomthefatherisadoctor.介詞+關(guān)系代詞:練習1.Doyoulikethebook________shespent$10.2.Doyoulikethebook_________shepaid$10.3.Doyoulikethebook___________shetalks?4.Theman________Ispokeisgoodatwriting.5.Chinaisabeautifulcountry,________weareproud.6.Thefactoryproducesamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_________aresoldabroad.7.Twomen,neither_________Ihadeverseenbefore,cametomyoffice.onwhichforwhichaboutwhichtowhomofwhichofwhichofwhom1.

(2013?浙江卷)Thechildren,______hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.A.allofwhat B.allofwhichC.allofthem D.allofwhom2.

(2013?重慶卷)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof______arefamilymembers.

A.themB.thatC.whichD.whom介詞+關(guān)系代詞:練習DD4.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.

A.forwhich

B.inwhich

C.ofwhich

D.fromwhich5.Pleasepassmethedictionary______isblack.

A. B.whichcover

C.ofwhichthecover

D.itscover3.(2013?北京卷)Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks______animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.when B.which C.whose D.where=inwhichcoverofwhich

=thecoverofwhichDCC介詞+whereHisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow,fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的頭很快從窗口露出來，從那兒除了樹木他什么也看不見。fromwhere相當于fromoutofthewindow,而不是fromthewindow.介詞+whereTheystoodonthetopofthebuilding,fromwheretheycouldseethewholecity.他們站在樓頂上，從那兒能看到整個城市。fromwhere相當于fromthetopofthebuilding,而不是fromthebuilding.介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichtosupporthisfamily.=Hewassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichhecouldsupporthisfamily.介詞+關(guān)系代詞+不定式在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，若把介詞移至句尾，whom和which必須省略。如：我已經(jīng)找到一個方東西的房間。Ihavefoundaroominwhichtoputmythings.Ihavefoundaroomwhichtoputmythingsin.Ihavefoundaroomtoputmythingsin.wrong.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”型定語從句五大考點歸納1.簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞指人時只能用whom,指物時只能用which；介詞選擇的依據(jù)主要是根據(jù)從句中的動詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配而定；

或者以先行詞與從句中的動詞關(guān)系及所表達的含義而定；或者以先行詞在定語從句中的作用和含義而定，并且含有介詞的短語動詞不能拆開，介詞仍然放在動詞之后。高考考例：1.(2004全國卷)Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,__thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich2.(2004全國卷)TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

3.(04上海)Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone____theycantalkfrequently.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom考點2復雜介詞+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whom,whose。常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜介詞有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhich

wasalargegarden.

Isthereacertaintestbymeansofwhich

theNo.1willbedecided？考點3簡單介詞+關(guān)系代詞+名詞

知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞有which,whose。介詞的選擇取決于關(guān)系代詞后的名詞及整個句子的含義。高考考例：

(1995上海)Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.

A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich考點4the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞

知識歸納：用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有which。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示所有關(guān)系,口語中常用“whose+名詞”代替。非正式文體中可以用“ofwhichthe+名詞”。高考考例：(2000上海)RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,__wasveryreasona