2022-2023學年山東省淄博市高二（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第第頁2022-2023學年山東省淄博市高二（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）2022-2023學年山東省淄博市高二（下）期末英語試卷

學校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

第I卷（選擇題）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

Usethelibrary—Borrowing

TheLibraryisforeveryoneinouruniversitycommunity.Pleaseuseourphysicalitemsfairlyandreturnbookswhenothersneedthem.

Howtoborrow

●YouwillalwaysneedyourUcardtoborrowanitem.

●Thereareself-servicemachinesatalllibraries.

Numberofitems

●Undergraduatesandtaughtpostgraduatescanborrow40items.

●Staffandresearchpostgraduatescanborrow75items.

Loanperiod

●Standarditemsarecurrentlyguaranteedfor7days.

●Somespecialistitemswillhavedifferentloanperiods.Tofindaspecialistitem'sloanperiod，checktheindividualpageofthelibrarythatholdstheitem.

Automaticrenewal

●Ifnoonereservestheitem，itwillautomaticallyrenewandyouwillhaveitforanotherguaranteedloanperiod.

●Itemswillnotautomaticallyrenewifyouraccountisblocked.

Unabletoreturnanitem

●Ifyouwillnotbeabletoreturnabookintime，youmustcontactthelibrary.

●Ifyoudonotreturnanitemwhenitisreserved，thebookwillbecomeoverdueandyouraccountwillbeblocked.

●Ifanitemisnotreturnedandhasbeenoverdueforover2weeks，youwillbechargedafullreplacementcost.

Anyitemstakenoutwithyourlibrarycardareyourresponsibility.Donotlendthemtoothers.

Duringuniversityvacations

Duringuniversityvacationperiods，thereturndatewillbeextendedonmostitems.Youwillbeabletokeeptheseitemsuntiltheendofthevacation，evenifitisreserved.

Notallitemsareavailableforvacationloan.AlwaysuseMyLibraryAccounttocheckthereturndatesofitemsyouarecurrentlyborrowing.

Ifyouneedabookthatisonvacationloan，contactyourSubjectLibrarian.

1.Whatisthelongestloanperiodifabookisnotreserved？______

A.7days.B.10days.C.14days.D.30days.

2.Inwhichcasewillalibraryaccountbeblocked？______

A.Youfailtorenewthebookintime.

B.Youlendtheborrowedbooktoothers.

C.Theborrowedbookisoverduewhenreserved.

D.Theborrowedbookiskeptover2weeks，

3.Whatdoweknowaboutholidayborrowing？______

A.Librariansareunavailable.

B.Allitemsarenotallowedforloan.

C.Thereturndatewillbepostponedinnocase.

D.Reservedbooksshouldbereturnedasscheduled.

B

WhenJoshWarrenfirstaskedmetoguideatBoston4yearsago，Iofcoursesaidyes.Butshortlyafteragreeing，IalsobecamethemostnervousandanxiousI'dbeeninalongtime.I'dneverguidedbefore，letalonemetapersonwhowasblind.Ifeltdoomed（注定）tofailfromthestart，butallchangedonceImetDavidKuhn，arunnerwhowasinneedofasightedguideforBoston.

IshouldletyouknowthatwhenI'mnervousIoftenhaveaseverecaseofwordvomitandI'vebeenknowntoasksomeoddballquestionsnowandagain.Inapreviouslife，Ishouldhavebeenanewsreporter.Thatbeingsaid，Davidwasinforsomeinterestingcompanyononeofthehardestmarathoncoursesoutthere.

Fastforwardtoracemorningandwe'repackedtight，waitingtostarttheBostonMarathon.IsoonrealizedDavidandIshareamutualloveofchocolate，especiallypeanutbuttercups.Iusedittomyadvantagealongthecourseandanytimeitseemedwemightfallbehindabit，Idescribedhowtherewouldbepeanutbutterchocolateheavenatthefinishlineifwekeptrunning.

ReadingthesignsaswepassedbyWellesleycollegewasafavoritemomentofmine.Davidcrackedupatalloftheposters，thestudentswerecreative，writingthingslike"It'shot，butsoareyou"!Itriedtoreadoffthedirtiestsignstokeepthelaughtergoing.

Afriendofminementionedshewouldbeonthecoursearoundmile20andaskedifwewantedanything.WhenIaskedDavid，heimmediatelycheeredupandsaid"FigNewtons"!Sowhenmile20rolledaround，David'spacepickedupandwascrazyabouthisbagofFigNewtons!

Lookingbackonthose3racesIranwithDavidalwaysputsasmileonmyface.Bostonisatoughcourse，andifyouaddontheunpredictableBostonweather，itcanmakeforachallengingday.RunningtheracewithDavidmakes26.2milesseemlikea5kilometersfunrun，withlotsofpleasureandagrinfromeartoear.Ilookforwardtoournextrunandwillbesuretobringplentyofchocolate!

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"wordvomit"inParagraph2mean？______

A.Beingsensitive.B.Beingacceptable.

C.Beingjoky.D.Beingtalkative.

5.WhywastheauthorinvitedtoguideDavid？______

A.Heisafuncompanion.

B.Heisanexceptionalrunner.

C.Heloveschocolateasmuch.

D.Helikestoreaddirtyroadsigns.

6.Whatroledoeschocolateplayintherace？______

A.Supplyingenergy.B.Providingnutrition.

C.Servingasaprize.D.Boostingspirits.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor？______

A.Regretfulandunconfident.B.Outgoingandpassionate.

C.Hotheadedandanxious.D.Funnyandodd.

C

Smallmammalswillhaveahardtimesurvivingthestressorsassociatedwithclimatechange，accordingtoanewstudyfromtheUniversityofSouthernDenmark.Theexpertsfoundthatlarge，long-livedanimalsarebetterabletocopewithextremeweathersuchaslong-timedroughtandheavyrainfall.

Theresearchersanalyzedhistoricalpopulationvariationsamong157mammalspeciesfromaroundtheworld.Thesefluctuations（波動）werecomparedwithweatherandclimatedatefromthesametimeperiod.Theresultsareprovidingnewinsightintohowanimalsrespondtoextremeweather.Inparticular，theexpertshaveidentifiedwhichanimalpopulationswillbethehardesthitbyclimatechange.

"Wecanseeaclearpattern：Animalsthatlivealongtimeandhavefewoffspringarelessvulnerable（脆弱的）whenextremeweatherhitsthananimalsthatliveforashorttimeandhavemanyoffspring，"saidstudyProfessorOwen.

Largeanimalsthatlivelongercancopebetterwithanextremeeventsuchasapersistentdroughtbecausetheseanimalshavetheoptiontowaituntilconditionsimprovetoreproduce.Thesameweathereventwouldaffectsmallmammalsdifferently，asfoodsourceslikeinsects，flowers，andfruitswoulddisappearquickly.

Ontheotherhand，populationsofsmallmammalsmayalsotakeadvantagewhenweatherconditionsimprovebyproducingmanyoffspring.

"Thesesmallmammalsreactquicklytoextremeweather，anditgoesbothways.Theirweaknesstoextremeweathershouldthereforenotbeequated（等同）withariskofextinction.Ouranalysishelpspredicthowdifferentanimalspeciesmightrespondtofutureclimatechangebasedontheirgeneralcharacteristics."saidstudyco-authorJackson.Heemphasizedthattheabilityofanimalstoendureclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorfortheirextinction.Habitatdestruction，pollution，poachingandinvasivespeciesarefactorsthatthreatenmanyanimalspecies—inmanycasesevenmorethanclimatechange，"headded.

8.Whatcontributestocertainsmallmammals'survivalinextremeweather？______

A.Theirnaturallifespan.B.Theirhighreproductiveability.

C.Theiruniquebodytemperature.D.Theirsmallappetiteforfood.

9.Whataffectsanimals'survivalpossibilityinextremeweatheraccordingtoparagraph4？______

A.Foodsources.B.Hightemperatures.

C.Birthrates.D.Ages.

10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？______

A.Manyfactorsinfluencetheanimalscharacteristics.

B.Climatechangeisnotafactorforthespecies'extinction.

C.Theanimals'survivalabilitywillimproveinthefuture.

D.Ecologyprotectionisthekeytosavingspeciesfromextinction.

11.What'sthebesttitleofthetext？______

A.WhatInfluencesAnimals'BirthRate？

B.WhatWillAnimalsDoinExtremeWeather？

C.WhichAnimalsAreMortAffectedbyExtremeWeather？

D.HowDoestheClimateChangeInfluenceWeakAnimas？

D

AIisamachine'sabilitytoperformthecognitive（認知的）functionsweassociatewithhumanminds，suchasreasoning，learning，interactingwithanenvironment，problemsolving，andevenexercisingcreativity.You'veprobablyinteractedwithAIevenifyoudidn'trealizeit—voiceassistantslikeSiriandAlexaarefoundedonAItechnology，asaresomecustomerservicechatbotsthatpopuptoaidyoutoexplorewebsites.

Byusingartificialintelligence，companieshavethepotentialtomakebusinessmoreefficientandprofitable.Butultimately，thevalueofartificialintelligenceisn'tinthesystemsthemselvesbutinhowcompaniesusethosesystemstoassisthumans—andtheirabilitytoexplainwhatthosesystemsdo—inawaythatbuildsandearnstrust.

Sincetheyaresonew，wehaveyettoseethelong-taileffectofAImodels.Thismeanstherearesomerisksinvolvedinusingthem—someknownandsomeunknown.

TheoutputsAImodelsproducemayoftensoundextremelyconvincing.Thisisbydesign.Butsometimestheinformationtheygenerateisjustplainwrong.Worse，sometimesit'sbiased，becauseit'sbuiltonthegender，racial，andvariousotherlimitationsoftheinternetandsocietymoregenerally.Anditcanevenbeoperatedtoenableimmoralorcriminalactivity.

Theseriskscanbereduced，however，inafewways.Forone，it'scrucialtocarefullyselecttheinitialdatausedtotrainthesemodelstoavoidincludingtoxic（中毒的）orincorrectcontent.Next，ratherthanoperatinganoff-the-shelfgenerative-AImodel，organizationscouldconsiderusingsmaller，specializedmodels.Organizationswithmoreresourcescouldalsocustomizeageneralmodelbasedontheirowndatatofittheirneedsandminimizeshortcoming.Organizationsshouldalsokeepahumanintheprocess—makesurearealhumancheckstheoutputofagenerative-AImodelbeforeitispublishedorused，andavoidusinggenerative-AImodelsforcriticaldecisions，suchasthoseinvolvingsignificantresourcesorhumanwelfare.

12.WhatcanwelearnaboutAIfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？______

A.Itsvalueliesinitspracticalapplicationbyfirms.

B.Itperformsthesameabilitieshumansown.

C.It'salwaysbeingusedwhenwesurfthewebsites.

D.Ithasbeenwidelyusedbyprofitablecompanies.

13.Whatdoesunderlinedword"biased"inparagraph4mean？______

A.Unclear.B.Unimportant.C.Unreliable.D.Unusual.

14.WhoaremostlyresponsibleforreducingtheriskswhenusingAI？______

A.Producesandpersonalusers.

B.Developersandoperatingfirms.

C.Personalusersanddatacollectors.

D.Operatingcompaniesandpersonalusers.

15.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext？______

A.ToanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAI.

B.ToleadcompaniestoimproveefficiencywithAI.

C.TointroduceAIandwaystoovercometheirlimitations.

D.TotellcustomershowtooperateAIcorrectlyandprecisely.

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）

Aketo（生酮類）dietstresseshighintakeofanimalandvegetablefats，andproteins，inplaceofcarbohydrates（碳水化合物）.Theappealofthisdietisclear--you'reencouragedtoeatdelicious，highfatfoodslikehardcheese，butter，baconandsteakinplentifulamounts.（1）______Soyourbodyisforcedtoburnstoredfatforfuelinsteadofcarbohydrate.

（2）______Whenketonesarepresent，thebodytransitionsintoametabolic（新陳代謝的）statecalledketosis.Peoplesometimesexperiencedrymouthorfeelingoverallunwellwhentheystartthediet--symptomsofketosiscalledthe"ketoflu".Butonceyourbodyadapts，thosesymptomswillusuallydisappear.

Forthebodytoremaininketosis，carbohydrateintakemustbereducedto10percent，whichmeansrestrictingalotoffoodgroups.Grains，fruits，vegetables，manydairyproductsandevennutsthatcontaincarbohydratesmustbelimited.（3）______

Butistheketodietgoodforyou？AccordingtoareportfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation，notsomuch.Infact，ketorankedasoneoftheunhealthiest.（4）______Why？Becauseitrestrictsfoodgroupsconsideredessentialforaheart-healthydietandinsteadpromotesfatsourcesthatarestronglydiscouraged.

"Basedonwhatweknowaboutthisdiet，thefoodsthatareincludedandemphasized，thefoodsthatarelimited，wedoconcludethatitwouldbeassociatedwithhigherriskofheartdisease，"saysPetersen，whocontributedtotherecentAmericanHeartAssociation（AHA）report."（5）______Butweknowintheshort-termstudiesthatketogenicdietcanleadtohigherhealthrisks."

A.Burningfatisconsideredanidealwaytoloseweight.

B.Itskeyliesinverylowcarbohydrateintakeandhighfatconsumption.

C.Ketonesarechemicalsthatthebodyproduceswhenitstartsbreakingdownfatforenergy.

D.Thereportcategorizedpopulardietsintofourlevels，andketowasplacedinlevelfour--thelowest.

E.Sofar，therearenotyetanylong-termstudiesthatrevealthehealtheffectsforpeoplefollowingtheketodiet.

F.Thealternativewaytofollowketoisconsuminglargeamountsofhigherfatdairyandfattiercutsofmeat.

G.However，thatcanbecomeevenhardertomaintainsincemanyofthosesourcesalsocontaincarbohydrates.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）

MaHongda，a22-year-old，becamethefirstChinesetowingoldinthePlastering（抹灰）andDrywallSystemsEventattheWorldSkillsCompetition2022inFrance.Hearingthenews，theChineseteam（1）______withjoy.

Maisastudent（2）______inarchitecturaldecorationfromZhejiangConstructionTechnicianCollege.Hewas（3）______intothecollege'scenterfortrainingcandidatesforthecompetitionfiveyearsagoandhehastrainedhardtoimprovehisskillsandget（4）______forthecompetition.

Everymorningatfive，hearrivesatthecenterand（5）______morethantenhours.Ashehastogatherallthemusclesofhisbodyduringtraining，（6）______thoseonhishands，hehas（7）______countlessgloves.Andtorelievethepressureonhishandmusclescausedbylongtime（8）______，heneedstoundergomedicaltreatmentregularly.

Manypeoplethinkplasteringdoesnotrequire（9）______technicalknowledge，butaninternationalcompetitiondoesnotallowanoperating（10）______ofmorethan1millimeter.MatoldTheBeijingTimesthatthe（11）______usedtoplastereverytimediffersanditrequirescontestantsto（12）______experiencefromday-to-daypractice.

InMa's（13）______，highlyskilledtechnicalworkersarethosewhoinsistontheirprofessionalareasandmake（14）______tothesociety."Nomatterwhatindustrytheyareengagedin，theywill（15）______aslongastheykeeplearningandarededicatedtotheirprofessions，"Masaid.

21.A.comfortedB.cheeredC.smiledD.gestured

22.A.majoringB.dealingC.advertisingD.resulting

23.A.describedB.developedC.changedD.selected

24.A.qualificationsB.intelligenceC.educationD.knowledge

25.A.promotesB.competesC.trainsD.performs

26.A.respectivelyB.especiallyC.originallyD.specially

27.A.carriedoutB.triedoutC.wornoutD.workedout

28.A.practiceB.serviceC.experienceD.routine

29.A.basicB.averageC.absoluteD.sound

30.A.situationB.systemC.errorD.method

31.A.disappointmentB.strengthC.troubleD.satisfaction

32.A.accumulateB.absorbC.expandD.pursue

33.A.impressionB.informationC.intentionD.opinion

34.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.contributionsD.measurements

35.A.flashB.admireC.surviveD.shine

第II卷（非選擇題）

四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

36.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Amooncakeisaroundfatcakewithingredientsinside，whichbyitsroundedness（1）______（symbol）reunion.Therearesomelegends（2）______（regard）theoriginofthemooncake.

Accordingtoanovel（3）______（write）intheTangDynasty，oncecmperorXuanzongwasenjoyingthefullmooninhispalaceon（4）______15thofthelunarmonth，amagicianbroughthimtotheMoonPalace，（5）______theemperorsawhundredsofprettyfairiesinwhitedressesdancing（6）______（graceful）.Thisstorygreatlyarousedthecommonpeople'sdesire（7）______（visit）themoon.Thepracticeofenjoyingthefullmoonatharvesttimebecamemoreandmorepopular，andlaterpeoplestartedtoeatmooncakesanddrinkwine.

（8）______isworthmentioningisthatinancienttimes，allmooncakeswerehomemade，whiletoday，mostpeoplebuymanufactured（加工好的）mooncakes.Numerouskindsofdelicately-mademooncakesareavailableinthemarket.NearlyallmooncakeshaveChinesecharactersonthem，whichexpressgoodwishes，suchas"wealthandhonor"，（9）______othersdescribebeautifulpictures，suchas，"Chang'egoingtothemoon"and"threepondsreflectingthemoon".Intermsof（10）______（vary），thereareJiangsustyle，Guangdongstyle，Beijingstyle，Chaozhoustyle，andYunnanstyle，etc.，allenjoyinginvitingappearanceanddelicioustaste.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）

37.假定你是李華，你校即將舉辦一年一度的科技節(jié)，擬在形式和主題上進行創(chuàng)新。請你代表學生會給外教Ryan寫一封郵件，邀請他當評委。內(nèi)容如下：

（1）征求意見；

（2）發(fā)出邀請。

注意：

（1）寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右；

（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

DearRyan，

_______

Yours，

LiHua

38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。

ItwasChristmasEveandIwasfeelingsadbecausetherewasnotenoughmoneytobuythedressIwanted.AftersupperIsatbythefireplaceandwaitedforDadtoreadasusual.Iwasstillfeelingsorryformyselfand，tobehonest，wasn'tinmuchofamoodtolistentohim.ButPadidn't.Instead，heputonhiscoatandwentoutside.

Itwasacold，clearnight，andtherewasiceinPa'sbeardwhenhecamebackin."Comeon，Elizabeth，"hesaid."Putonyourcoat.It'scoldout."

Iwasupset.Notonlywasn'tIgettingthedress，butnowPawasdraggingmeoutinthecold.IfollowedhimandMagavemeamysterioussmileasIopenedthedoor.

Outside，Ibecameevensadder.There，infrontofthehouse，wastheoldtractor--whateverweweregoingtodowasn'tgoingtobeaquickjob.IreluctantlyclimbedupbesideDad，thecoldalreadybitingatme.

Wepulledinfrontofthewoodshed（柴棚）andstartedtoloadthewood.

Confused，IaskedDad"Whatareyoudoing？"

"HaveyoubeenbytheClarkslately？"heasked.

Mrs.Clarklivedabouttwomilesfromus.Herhusbandhadpassedawaytheyearbefore，leavingherwiththreechildrentoraiseonherown.

"Yeah，"Isaid."Why？"

"Irodebyjusttoday，"Dadsaid."LittleJakewasoutaroundinthewoodpile，tryingtofindafewchips.They'reoutofwood."Thatwasallhesaid.WepiledthewoodsohighthatIbegantowonderwhetherwecouldpullit.

Dadthentookoutabigbagfromthetractor."What'sinit？"Iasked."Shoes.They'reoutofshoes.LittleJakewasoutonbarefeet，"IcouldnotunderstandwhyitwasourconcernwhentheClarkshadcloserneighborsthanus.

Afteralongwhile，weunloadedthewoodbehindtheClark'shouseandknockedionthedoor.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；

（2）請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。

Asthedooropened，therecameatremblingvoice._______

Dadcomfortedmeonthewayhome.________

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、C、B

【解析】（1）數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)文章Loanperiod部分中的●Standarditemsarecurrentlyguaranteedfor7days.（標準書籍目前可借閱7天）還有Automaticrenewal部分中的Ifnoonereservestheitem，itwillautomaticallyrenewandyouwillhaveitforanotherguaranteedloanperiod.（如果沒有人續(xù)借，書將自動續(xù)借，你將有另一個借閱期）可知，如果書籍沒有被續(xù)借，你最長可借閱7+7=14天。故選C。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Unabletoreturnanitem部分中的Ifyoudonotreturnanitemwhenitisreserved，thebookwillbecomeoverdueandyouraccountwillbeblocked.（如果你在書被預定時還未歸還，書將過期，你的帳戶將被凍結）可知，如果借閱的書籍到期未歸還，你的賬戶會被凍結。故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Duringuniversityvacations部分中的Notallitemsareavailableforvacationloan.（并不是所有的書籍都可以假期借閱）可知，并不是所有的書籍都可以假期借閱。故選B。

本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了圖書館使用時的相關注意事項。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】D、A、D、B

【解析】（1）短語猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中IshouldletyouknowthatwhenI'mnervousIoftenhaveaseverecaseofwordvomitandI'vebeenknowntoasksomeoddballquestionsnowandagain.Inapreviouslife，Ishouldhavebeenanewsreporter.（我應該讓你知道，當我緊張的時候，我經(jīng)常會有嚴重的wordvomit而且我還會時不時地問一些奇怪的問題。前世，我應該是一名新聞記者）可知，緊張的時候會反復問奇怪的問題，甚至夸張到可以當新聞記者。由此推知，這時話非常多，wordvomit意思應該是"健談的"。A．Beingsensitive.（敏感的）；B．Beingacceptable.（可接受的）；C．Beingjoky.（愛開玩笑的）；D．Beingtalkative.（健談的）。故選D。

（2）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Thatbeingsaid，Davidwasinforsomeinterestingcompanyononeofthehardestmarathoncoursesoutthere.（話雖如此，David在最艱難的馬拉松賽道上遇到了一些有趣的陪伴）可知，被邀請來引導David是因為他是一個有趣的同伴。故選A項。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Iusedittomyadvantagealongthecourseandanytimeitseemedwemightfallbehindabit，Idescribedhowtherewouldbepeanutbutterchocolateheavenatthefinishlineifwekeptrunning.（我在比賽過程中充分利用了這一點，每當我們似乎有點落后時，我就會描述如果我們繼續(xù)跑下去，終點線會是花生醬巧克力的天堂）可知，利用David和自己對花生醬巧克力的共同喜愛，在落后的時候不斷進行鼓勵。因此，巧克力在這場比賽中發(fā)揮了提振精神的作用。故選D。

（4）推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，在給David做引導的過程中，一直非常健談，不斷用巧克力激勵彼此一直跑下去，在經(jīng)過韋爾斯利學院的時候，給David閱讀指示牌，帶來笑聲和歡樂。由此推知，是一個外向熱情的人。故選B。

本文是一篇記敘文。講述了自己受邀給盲人運動員David做比賽引導的故事，雖然一開始非常緊張焦慮，但是在比賽途中與David非常合拍，一路充滿了笑聲和歡樂。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Ontheotherhand，populationsofsmallmammalsmayalsotakeadvantagewhenweatherconditionsimprovebyproducingmanyoffspring.（另一方面，小型哺乳動物種群也可能利用天氣條件改善的機會繁殖許多后代。）可知，在極端氣候下，小型哺乳動物也可能利用天氣條件改善的機會繁殖許多后代從而幸存下來。由此可推斷，能讓小型哺乳動物在極端氣候下幸存下來的原因是其強大的繁殖能力。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段Largeanimalsthatlivelongercancopebetterwithanextremeeventsuchasapersistentdroughtbecausetheseanimalshavetheoptiontowaituntilconditionsimprovetoreproduce.Thesameweathereventwouldaffectsmallmammalsdifferently，asfoodsourceslikeinsects，flowers，andfruitswoulddisappearquickly.（壽命較長的大型動物可以更好地應對極端事件，如持續(xù)干旱，因為這些動物可以選擇等到條件改善再繁殖。同樣的天氣事件會對小型哺乳動物產(chǎn)生不同的影響，因為昆蟲、鮮花和水果等食物來源會迅速消失。）可推斷，食物來源可能影響動物在極端天氣下的生存可能性。故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Heemphasizedthattheabilityofanimalstoendureclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorfortheirextinction."Habitatdestruction，pollution，poachingandinvasivespeciesarefactorsthatthreatenmanyanimalspecies—inmanycasesevenmorethanclimatechange，"headded.（他補充道，"棲息地破壞、污染、偷獵和入侵物種是威脅許多動物物種的因素，在許多情況下甚至比氣候變化更嚴重。"）可知，由于人類的行為，動物棲息地受到破壞，所以保護生態(tài)是拯救物種免于滅絕的關鍵。故選D。

（4）標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段Theresearchersanalyzedhistoricalpopulationvariationsamong157mammalspeciesfromaroundtheworld.Thesefluctuationswerecomparedwithweatherandclimatedatefromthesametimeperiod.Theresultsareprovidingnewinsightintohowanimalsrespondtoextremeweather.Inparticular，theexpertshaveidentifiedwhichanimalpopulationswillbethehardesthitbyclimatechange.（研究人員分析了世界各地157種哺乳動物的歷史種群變化。這些波動與同一時期的天氣和氣候數(shù)據(jù)進行了比較。研究結果為研究動物如何應對極端天氣提供了新的視角。特別是，專家們已經(jīng)確定了哪些動物種群將受到氣候變化的最嚴重打擊。）及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一項來自丹麥南部大學的新研究：小型哺乳動物在應對氣候變化的壓力方面將面臨困難，而大型、壽命長的動物能夠更好地應對長時間干旱和暴雨等極端天氣。C選項"哪些動物最不受極端天氣的影響？"通過設問的方式，引發(fā)讀者思考，同時突出了文章中心，適合作本文標題。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項來自丹麥南部大學的新研究：小型哺乳動物在應對氣候變化的壓力方面將面臨困難，而大型、壽命長的動物能夠更好地應對長時間干旱和暴雨等極端天氣。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握觀點。

12~15.【答案】A、C、B、C

【解析】（1）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Byusingartificialintelligence，companieshavethepotentialtomakebusinessmoreefficientandprofitable.Butultimately，thevalueofartificialintelligenceisn'tinthesystemsthemselvesbutinhowcompaniesusethosesystemstoassisthumans（通過使用人工智能，公司有可能提高業(yè)務效率和盈利能力。但最終，人工智能的價值不在于系統(tǒng)本身，而在于公司如何使用這些系統(tǒng)來幫助人類）可知，人工智能的價值在于公司如何使用這些系統(tǒng)來幫助人類。故選A。

（2）詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子Worse，sometimesit'sbiased，becauseit'sbuiltonthegender，racial，andvariousotherlimitationsoftheinternetandsocietymoregenerally.（更糟糕的是，有時它是不可靠的，因為它建立在性別、種族以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社會的各種其他限制之上。）可知，人工智能有時是帶有偏見的。因此劃線單詞的意思和"有偏見、不可靠的"相近。A.Unclear不清楚的；B.Unimportant不重要的；C.Unreliable不可靠的）；D.Unusual不同尋常的。故選C。

（3）細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Theseriskscanbereduced，however，inafewways.Forone，it'scrucialtocarefullyselecttheinitialdatausedtotrainthesemodelstoavoidincludingtoxic（中毒的）orincorrectcontent.Next，ratherthanoperatinganoff-the-shelfgenerative-AImodel，organizationscouldconsiderusingsmaller，specializedmodels.Organizationswithmoreresourcescouldalsocustomizeageneralmodelbasedontheirowndatatofittheirneedsandminimizeshortcoming.（然而，這些風險可以通過幾種方式降低。首先，仔細選擇用于訓練這些模型的初始數(shù)據(jù)至關重要，以避免包含有毒或不正確的內(nèi)容。接下來，與其使用現(xiàn)成的生成人工智能模型，組織可以考慮使用更小、更專業(yè)的模型。擁有更多資源的組織也可以根據(jù)他們自己的數(shù)據(jù)定制通用模型，以滿足他們的需求并最小化缺點）可知，減少人工智能的風險應該由開放商和運營公司負責。故選B。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段AIisamachine'sabilitytoperformthecognitive（認知的）functionsweassociatewithhumanminds，suchasreasoning，learning，interactingwithanenvironment，problemsolving，andevenexercisingcreativity.（人工智能是一種機器執(zhí)行認知功能的能力，我們將其與人類的思維聯(lián)系在一起，比如推理、學習、與環(huán)境互動、解決問題，甚至鍛煉創(chuàng)造力）以及最后一段Theseriskscanbereduced，however，inafewways.（然而，這些風險可以通過幾種方式降低。）可知，文章主要介紹了人工智能以及如何降低其風險。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能的相關內(nèi)容以及其可能帶來的風險，并就如何降低風險給出一定建議。

做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16~20.【答案】B、C、G、D、E

【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Theappealofthisdietisclear--you'reencouragedtoeatdelicious，highfatfoodslikehardcheese，butter，baconandsteakinplentifulamounts.（這種飲食的吸引力是顯而易見的——鼓勵你吃大量美味的高脂肪食物，如硬奶酪、黃油、培根和牛排）可知，這種飲食鼓勵人們攝入大量高脂肪食物。選項B"它的關鍵在于低碳水化合物的攝入和高脂肪的消耗"符合上文內(nèi)容，指的都是生酮飲食需要攝入高脂肪食物。故選B。

（2）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Whenketonesarepresent，thebodytransitionsintoametabolic（新陳代謝的）statecalledketosis.Peoplesometimesexperiencedrymouthorfeelingoverallunwellwhentheystartthediet--symptomsofketosiscalledthe"ketoflu".Butonceyourbodyadapts，thosesymptomswillusuallydisappear.（當酮存在時，身體轉變?yōu)橐环N稱為酮癥的代謝狀態(tài)。當人們開始這種飲食時，有時會感到口干或全身不適——這是一種被稱為"酮癥流感"的酮癥癥狀。但一旦你的身體適應了，這些癥狀通常就會消失）可知，下文主要解釋了酮在或不在身體中存在時的身體癥狀。選項C"酮是身體開始分解脂肪獲取能量時產(chǎn)生的化學物質"與下文內(nèi)容一致，講述的都是酮代謝的相關信息。故選C。

（3）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Forthebodytoremaininketosis，carbohydrateintakemustbereducedto10percent，whichmeansrestrictingalotoffoodgroups.Grains，fruits，vegetables，manydairyproductsandevennutsthatcontaincarbohydratesmustbelimited.（為了使身體保持酮癥狀態(tài)，碳水化合物的攝入量必須減少到10%，這意味著要限制很多食物種類。含有的碳水化合物的谷物、水果、蔬菜、許多乳制品甚至堅果都必須加以限制）可知，為了維持酮癥狀態(tài)，碳水化合物的攝入量需要大量減少。選項G"然而，這可能會變得更加難以維持，因為許多這些來源也含有碳水化合物"是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，其中的thosesources指的正是上文的Grains，fruits，vegetables，manydairyproductsandevennuts。故選G。

（4）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文AccordingtoareportfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation，notsomuch.Infact，ketorankedasoneoftheunhealthiest.（根據(jù)米國心臟協(xié)會的一份報告，事實并非如此。事實上，生酮被列為最不健康的食物之一）可知，米國心臟協(xié)會的報告認為生酮是不健康的食物之一。選項D"該報告將流行的飲食分為四個等級，生酮被列為第四級——最低的"與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是米國心臟協(xié)會的報告認為生酮是不健康的。故選D。

（5）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Butweknowintheshort-termstudiesthatketogenicdietcanleadtohigherhealthrisks.（但我們知道，在短期研究中，生酮飲食會導致更高的健康風險）可知，下文講述的是根據(jù)短期研究生酮飲食會導致更高的健康風險。選項E"到目前為止，還沒有任何長期的研究揭示酮類飲食對人們健康的影響"指的是沒有任何長期的研究揭示酮類飲食對人們健康的影響。與下文的intheshort-termstudies相一致。故選E。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了生酮飲食的相關內(nèi)容，包括其具體功效以及可能存在的隱患。