2022-2023學(xué)年山東省淄博市高二（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年山東省淄博市高二（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）2022-2023學(xué)年山東省淄博市高二（下）期末英語試卷

學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________

第I卷（選擇題）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

Usethelibrary—Borrowing

TheLibraryisforeveryoneinouruniversitycommunity.Pleaseuseourphysicalitemsfairlyandreturnbookswhenothersneedthem.

Howtoborrow

●YouwillalwaysneedyourUcardtoborrowanitem.

●Thereareself-servicemachinesatalllibraries.

Numberofitems

●Undergraduatesandtaughtpostgraduatescanborrow40items.

●Staffandresearchpostgraduatescanborrow75items.

Loanperiod

●Standarditemsarecurrentlyguaranteedfor7days.

●Somespecialistitemswillhavedifferentloanperiods.Tofindaspecialistitem'sloanperiod，checktheindividualpageofthelibrarythatholdstheitem.

Automaticrenewal

●Ifnoonereservestheitem，itwillautomaticallyrenewandyouwillhaveitforanotherguaranteedloanperiod.

●Itemswillnotautomaticallyrenewifyouraccountisblocked.

Unabletoreturnanitem

●Ifyouwillnotbeabletoreturnabookintime，youmustcontactthelibrary.

●Ifyoudonotreturnanitemwhenitisreserved，thebookwillbecomeoverdueandyouraccountwillbeblocked.

●Ifanitemisnotreturnedandhasbeenoverdueforover2weeks，youwillbechargedafullreplacementcost.

Anyitemstakenoutwithyourlibrarycardareyourresponsibility.Donotlendthemtoothers.

Duringuniversityvacations

Duringuniversityvacationperiods，thereturndatewillbeextendedonmostitems.Youwillbeabletokeeptheseitemsuntiltheendofthevacation，evenifitisreserved.

Notallitemsareavailableforvacationloan.AlwaysuseMyLibraryAccounttocheckthereturndatesofitemsyouarecurrentlyborrowing.

Ifyouneedabookthatisonvacationloan，contactyourSubjectLibrarian.

1.Whatisthelongestloanperiodifabookisnotreserved？______

A.7days.B.10days.C.14days.D.30days.

2.Inwhichcasewillalibraryaccountbeblocked？______

A.Youfailtorenewthebookintime.

B.Youlendtheborrowedbooktoothers.

C.Theborrowedbookisoverduewhenreserved.

D.Theborrowedbookiskeptover2weeks，

3.Whatdoweknowaboutholidayborrowing？______

A.Librariansareunavailable.

B.Allitemsarenotallowedforloan.

C.Thereturndatewillbepostponedinnocase.

D.Reservedbooksshouldbereturnedasscheduled.

B

WhenJoshWarrenfirstaskedmetoguideatBoston4yearsago，Iofcoursesaidyes.Butshortlyafteragreeing，IalsobecamethemostnervousandanxiousI'dbeeninalongtime.I'dneverguidedbefore，letalonemetapersonwhowasblind.Ifeltdoomed（注定）tofailfromthestart，butallchangedonceImetDavidKuhn，arunnerwhowasinneedofasightedguideforBoston.

IshouldletyouknowthatwhenI'mnervousIoftenhaveaseverecaseofwordvomitandI'vebeenknowntoasksomeoddballquestionsnowandagain.Inapreviouslife，Ishouldhavebeenanewsreporter.Thatbeingsaid，Davidwasinforsomeinterestingcompanyononeofthehardestmarathoncoursesoutthere.

Fastforwardtoracemorningandwe'repackedtight，waitingtostarttheBostonMarathon.IsoonrealizedDavidandIshareamutualloveofchocolate，especiallypeanutbuttercups.Iusedittomyadvantagealongthecourseandanytimeitseemedwemightfallbehindabit，Idescribedhowtherewouldbepeanutbutterchocolateheavenatthefinishlineifwekeptrunning.

ReadingthesignsaswepassedbyWellesleycollegewasafavoritemomentofmine.Davidcrackedupatalloftheposters，thestudentswerecreative，writingthingslike"It'shot，butsoareyou"!Itriedtoreadoffthedirtiestsignstokeepthelaughtergoing.

Afriendofminementionedshewouldbeonthecoursearoundmile20andaskedifwewantedanything.WhenIaskedDavid，heimmediatelycheeredupandsaid"FigNewtons"!Sowhenmile20rolledaround，David'spacepickedupandwascrazyabouthisbagofFigNewtons!

Lookingbackonthose3racesIranwithDavidalwaysputsasmileonmyface.Bostonisatoughcourse，andifyouaddontheunpredictableBostonweather，itcanmakeforachallengingday.RunningtheracewithDavidmakes26.2milesseemlikea5kilometersfunrun，withlotsofpleasureandagrinfromeartoear.Ilookforwardtoournextrunandwillbesuretobringplentyofchocolate!

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"wordvomit"inParagraph2mean？______

A.Beingsensitive.B.Beingacceptable.

C.Beingjoky.D.Beingtalkative.

5.WhywastheauthorinvitedtoguideDavid？______

A.Heisafuncompanion.

B.Heisanexceptionalrunner.

C.Heloveschocolateasmuch.

D.Helikestoreaddirtyroadsigns.

6.Whatroledoeschocolateplayintherace？______

A.Supplyingenergy.B.Providingnutrition.

C.Servingasaprize.D.Boostingspirits.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor？______

A.Regretfulandunconfident.B.Outgoingandpassionate.

C.Hotheadedandanxious.D.Funnyandodd.

C

Smallmammalswillhaveahardtimesurvivingthestressorsassociatedwithclimatechange，accordingtoanewstudyfromtheUniversityofSouthernDenmark.Theexpertsfoundthatlarge，long-livedanimalsarebetterabletocopewithextremeweathersuchaslong-timedroughtandheavyrainfall.

Theresearchersanalyzedhistoricalpopulationvariationsamong157mammalspeciesfromaroundtheworld.Thesefluctuations（波動(dòng)）werecomparedwithweatherandclimatedatefromthesametimeperiod.Theresultsareprovidingnewinsightintohowanimalsrespondtoextremeweather.Inparticular，theexpertshaveidentifiedwhichanimalpopulationswillbethehardesthitbyclimatechange.

"Wecanseeaclearpattern：Animalsthatlivealongtimeandhavefewoffspringarelessvulnerable（脆弱的）whenextremeweatherhitsthananimalsthatliveforashorttimeandhavemanyoffspring，"saidstudyProfessorOwen.

Largeanimalsthatlivelongercancopebetterwithanextremeeventsuchasapersistentdroughtbecausetheseanimalshavetheoptiontowaituntilconditionsimprovetoreproduce.Thesameweathereventwouldaffectsmallmammalsdifferently，asfoodsourceslikeinsects，flowers，andfruitswoulddisappearquickly.

Ontheotherhand，populationsofsmallmammalsmayalsotakeadvantagewhenweatherconditionsimprovebyproducingmanyoffspring.

"Thesesmallmammalsreactquicklytoextremeweather，anditgoesbothways.Theirweaknesstoextremeweathershouldthereforenotbeequated（等同）withariskofextinction.Ouranalysishelpspredicthowdifferentanimalspeciesmightrespondtofutureclimatechangebasedontheirgeneralcharacteristics."saidstudyco-authorJackson.Heemphasizedthattheabilityofanimalstoendureclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorfortheirextinction.Habitatdestruction，pollution，poachingandinvasivespeciesarefactorsthatthreatenmanyanimalspecies—inmanycasesevenmorethanclimatechange，"headded.

8.Whatcontributestocertainsmallmammals'survivalinextremeweather？______

A.Theirnaturallifespan.B.Theirhighreproductiveability.

C.Theiruniquebodytemperature.D.Theirsmallappetiteforfood.

9.Whataffectsanimals'survivalpossibilityinextremeweatheraccordingtoparagraph4？______

A.Foodsources.B.Hightemperatures.

C.Birthrates.D.Ages.

10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？______

A.Manyfactorsinfluencetheanimalscharacteristics.

B.Climatechangeisnotafactorforthespecies'extinction.

C.Theanimals'survivalabilitywillimproveinthefuture.

D.Ecologyprotectionisthekeytosavingspeciesfromextinction.

11.What'sthebesttitleofthetext？______

A.WhatInfluencesAnimals'BirthRate？

B.WhatWillAnimalsDoinExtremeWeather？

C.WhichAnimalsAreMortAffectedbyExtremeWeather？

D.HowDoestheClimateChangeInfluenceWeakAnimas？

D

AIisamachine'sabilitytoperformthecognitive（認(rèn)知的）functionsweassociatewithhumanminds，suchasreasoning，learning，interactingwithanenvironment，problemsolving，andevenexercisingcreativity.You'veprobablyinteractedwithAIevenifyoudidn'trealizeit—voiceassistantslikeSiriandAlexaarefoundedonAItechnology，asaresomecustomerservicechatbotsthatpopuptoaidyoutoexplorewebsites.

Byusingartificialintelligence，companieshavethepotentialtomakebusinessmoreefficientandprofitable.Butultimately，thevalueofartificialintelligenceisn'tinthesystemsthemselvesbutinhowcompaniesusethosesystemstoassisthumans—andtheirabilitytoexplainwhatthosesystemsdo—inawaythatbuildsandearnstrust.

Sincetheyaresonew，wehaveyettoseethelong-taileffectofAImodels.Thismeanstherearesomerisksinvolvedinusingthem—someknownandsomeunknown.

TheoutputsAImodelsproducemayoftensoundextremelyconvincing.Thisisbydesign.Butsometimestheinformationtheygenerateisjustplainwrong.Worse，sometimesit'sbiased，becauseit'sbuiltonthegender，racial，andvariousotherlimitationsoftheinternetandsocietymoregenerally.Anditcanevenbeoperatedtoenableimmoralorcriminalactivity.

Theseriskscanbereduced，however，inafewways.Forone，it'scrucialtocarefullyselecttheinitialdatausedtotrainthesemodelstoavoidincludingtoxic（中毒的）orincorrectcontent.Next，ratherthanoperatinganoff-the-shelfgenerative-AImodel，organizationscouldconsiderusingsmaller，specializedmodels.Organizationswithmoreresourcescouldalsocustomizeageneralmodelbasedontheirowndatatofittheirneedsandminimizeshortcoming.Organizationsshouldalsokeepahumanintheprocess—makesurearealhumancheckstheoutputofagenerative-AImodelbeforeitispublishedorused，andavoidusinggenerative-AImodelsforcriticaldecisions，suchasthoseinvolvingsignificantresourcesorhumanwelfare.

12.WhatcanwelearnaboutAIfromthefirsttwoparagraphs？______

A.Itsvalueliesinitspracticalapplicationbyfirms.

B.Itperformsthesameabilitieshumansown.

C.It'salwaysbeingusedwhenwesurfthewebsites.

D.Ithasbeenwidelyusedbyprofitablecompanies.

13.Whatdoesunderlinedword"biased"inparagraph4mean？______

A.Unclear.B.Unimportant.C.Unreliable.D.Unusual.

14.WhoaremostlyresponsibleforreducingtheriskswhenusingAI？______

A.Producesandpersonalusers.

B.Developersandoperatingfirms.

C.Personalusersanddatacollectors.

D.Operatingcompaniesandpersonalusers.

15.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext？______

A.ToanalyzetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAI.

B.ToleadcompaniestoimproveefficiencywithAI.

C.TointroduceAIandwaystoovercometheirlimitations.

D.TotellcustomershowtooperateAIcorrectlyandprecisely.

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）

Aketo（生酮類）dietstresseshighintakeofanimalandvegetablefats，andproteins，inplaceofcarbohydrates（碳水化合物）.Theappealofthisdietisclear--you'reencouragedtoeatdelicious，highfatfoodslikehardcheese，butter，baconandsteakinplentifulamounts.（1）______Soyourbodyisforcedtoburnstoredfatforfuelinsteadofcarbohydrate.

（2）______Whenketonesarepresent，thebodytransitionsintoametabolic（新陳代謝的）statecalledketosis.Peoplesometimesexperiencedrymouthorfeelingoverallunwellwhentheystartthediet--symptomsofketosiscalledthe"ketoflu".Butonceyourbodyadapts，thosesymptomswillusuallydisappear.

Forthebodytoremaininketosis，carbohydrateintakemustbereducedto10percent，whichmeansrestrictingalotoffoodgroups.Grains，fruits，vegetables，manydairyproductsandevennutsthatcontaincarbohydratesmustbelimited.（3）______

Butistheketodietgoodforyou？AccordingtoareportfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation，notsomuch.Infact，ketorankedasoneoftheunhealthiest.（4）______Why？Becauseitrestrictsfoodgroupsconsideredessentialforaheart-healthydietandinsteadpromotesfatsourcesthatarestronglydiscouraged.

"Basedonwhatweknowaboutthisdiet，thefoodsthatareincludedandemphasized，thefoodsthatarelimited，wedoconcludethatitwouldbeassociatedwithhigherriskofheartdisease，"saysPetersen，whocontributedtotherecentAmericanHeartAssociation（AHA）report."（5）______Butweknowintheshort-termstudiesthatketogenicdietcanleadtohigherhealthrisks."

A.Burningfatisconsideredanidealwaytoloseweight.

B.Itskeyliesinverylowcarbohydrateintakeandhighfatconsumption.

C.Ketonesarechemicalsthatthebodyproduceswhenitstartsbreakingdownfatforenergy.

D.Thereportcategorizedpopulardietsintofourlevels，andketowasplacedinlevelfour--thelowest.

E.Sofar，therearenotyetanylong-termstudiesthatrevealthehealtheffectsforpeoplefollowingtheketodiet.

F.Thealternativewaytofollowketoisconsuminglargeamountsofhigherfatdairyandfattiercutsofmeat.

G.However，thatcanbecomeevenhardertomaintainsincemanyofthosesourcesalsocontaincarbohydrates.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG.G

三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）

MaHongda，a22-year-old，becamethefirstChinesetowingoldinthePlastering（抹灰）andDrywallSystemsEventattheWorldSkillsCompetition2022inFrance.Hearingthenews，theChineseteam（1）______withjoy.

Maisastudent（2）______inarchitecturaldecorationfromZhejiangConstructionTechnicianCollege.Hewas（3）______intothecollege'scenterfortrainingcandidatesforthecompetitionfiveyearsagoandhehastrainedhardtoimprovehisskillsandget（4）______forthecompetition.

Everymorningatfive，hearrivesatthecenterand（5）______morethantenhours.Ashehastogatherallthemusclesofhisbodyduringtraining，（6）______thoseonhishands，hehas（7）______countlessgloves.Andtorelievethepressureonhishandmusclescausedbylongtime（8）______，heneedstoundergomedicaltreatmentregularly.

Manypeoplethinkplasteringdoesnotrequire（9）______technicalknowledge，butaninternationalcompetitiondoesnotallowanoperating（10）______ofmorethan1millimeter.MatoldTheBeijingTimesthatthe（11）______usedtoplastereverytimediffersanditrequirescontestantsto（12）______experiencefromday-to-daypractice.

InMa's（13）______，highlyskilledtechnicalworkersarethosewhoinsistontheirprofessionalareasandmake（14）______tothesociety."Nomatterwhatindustrytheyareengagedin，theywill（15）______aslongastheykeeplearningandarededicatedtotheirprofessions，"Masaid.

21.A.comfortedB.cheeredC.smiledD.gestured

22.A.majoringB.dealingC.advertisingD.resulting

23.A.describedB.developedC.changedD.selected

24.A.qualificationsB.intelligenceC.educationD.knowledge

25.A.promotesB.competesC.trainsD.performs

26.A.respectivelyB.especiallyC.originallyD.specially

27.A.carriedoutB.triedoutC.wornoutD.workedout

28.A.practiceB.serviceC.experienceD.routine

29.A.basicB.averageC.absoluteD.sound

30.A.situationB.systemC.errorD.method

31.A.disappointmentB.strengthC.troubleD.satisfaction

32.A.accumulateB.absorbC.expandD.pursue

33.A.impressionB.informationC.intentionD.opinion

34.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.contributionsD.measurements

35.A.flashB.admireC.surviveD.shine

第II卷（非選擇題）

四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）

36.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Amooncakeisaroundfatcakewithingredientsinside，whichbyitsroundedness（1）______（symbol）reunion.Therearesomelegends（2）______（regard）theoriginofthemooncake.

Accordingtoanovel（3）______（write）intheTangDynasty，oncecmperorXuanzongwasenjoyingthefullmooninhispalaceon（4）______15thofthelunarmonth，amagicianbroughthimtotheMoonPalace，（5）______theemperorsawhundredsofprettyfairiesinwhitedressesdancing（6）______（graceful）.Thisstorygreatlyarousedthecommonpeople'sdesire（7）______（visit）themoon.Thepracticeofenjoyingthefullmoonatharvesttimebecamemoreandmorepopular，andlaterpeoplestartedtoeatmooncakesanddrinkwine.

（8）______isworthmentioningisthatinancienttimes，allmooncakeswerehomemade，whiletoday，mostpeoplebuymanufactured（加工好的）mooncakes.Numerouskindsofdelicately-mademooncakesareavailableinthemarket.NearlyallmooncakeshaveChinesecharactersonthem，whichexpressgoodwishes，suchas"wealthandhonor"，（9）______othersdescribebeautifulpictures，suchas，"Chang'egoingtothemoon"and"threepondsreflectingthemoon".Intermsof（10）______（vary），thereareJiangsustyle，Guangdongstyle，Beijingstyle，Chaozhoustyle，andYunnanstyle，etc.，allenjoyinginvitingappearanceanddelicioustaste.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）

37.假定你是李華，你校即將舉辦一年一度的科技節(jié)，擬在形式和主題上進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。請(qǐng)你代表學(xué)生會(huì)給外教Ryan寫一封郵件，邀請(qǐng)他當(dāng)評(píng)委。內(nèi)容如下：

（1）征求意見；

（2）發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。

注意：

（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearRyan，

_______

Yours，

LiHua

38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

ItwasChristmasEveandIwasfeelingsadbecausetherewasnotenoughmoneytobuythedressIwanted.AftersupperIsatbythefireplaceandwaitedforDadtoreadasusual.Iwasstillfeelingsorryformyselfand，tobehonest，wasn'tinmuchofamoodtolistentohim.ButPadidn't.Instead，heputonhiscoatandwentoutside.

Itwasacold，clearnight，andtherewasiceinPa'sbeardwhenhecamebackin."Comeon，Elizabeth，"hesaid."Putonyourcoat.It'scoldout."

Iwasupset.Notonlywasn'tIgettingthedress，butnowPawasdraggingmeoutinthecold.IfollowedhimandMagavemeamysterioussmileasIopenedthedoor.

Outside，Ibecameevensadder.There，infrontofthehouse，wastheoldtractor--whateverweweregoingtodowasn'tgoingtobeaquickjob.IreluctantlyclimbedupbesideDad，thecoldalreadybitingatme.

Wepulledinfrontofthewoodshed（柴棚）andstartedtoloadthewood.

Confused，IaskedDad"Whatareyoudoing？"

"HaveyoubeenbytheClarkslately？"heasked.

Mrs.Clarklivedabouttwomilesfromus.Herhusbandhadpassedawaytheyearbefore，leavingherwiththreechildrentoraiseonherown.

"Yeah，"Isaid."Why？"

"Irodebyjusttoday，"Dadsaid."LittleJakewasoutaroundinthewoodpile，tryingtofindafewchips.They'reoutofwood."Thatwasallhesaid.WepiledthewoodsohighthatIbegantowonderwhetherwecouldpullit.

Dadthentookoutabigbagfromthetractor."What'sinit？"Iasked."Shoes.They'reoutofshoes.LittleJakewasoutonbarefeet，"IcouldnotunderstandwhyitwasourconcernwhentheClarkshadcloserneighborsthanus.

Afteralongwhile，weunloadedthewoodbehindtheClark'shouseandknockedionthedoor.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Asthedooropened，therecameatremblingvoice._______

Dadcomfortedmeonthewayhome.________

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、C、B

【解析】（1）數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)文章Loanperiod部分中的●Standarditemsarecurrentlyguaranteedfor7days.（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書籍目前可借閱7天）還有Automaticrenewal部分中的Ifnoonereservestheitem，itwillautomaticallyrenewandyouwillhaveitforanotherguaranteedloanperiod.（如果沒有人續(xù)借，書將自動(dòng)續(xù)借，你將有另一個(gè)借閱期）可知，如果書籍沒有被續(xù)借，你最長(zhǎng)可借閱7+7=14天。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Unabletoreturnanitem部分中的Ifyoudonotreturnanitemwhenitisreserved，thebookwillbecomeoverdueandyouraccountwillbeblocked.（如果你在書被預(yù)定時(shí)還未歸還，書將過期，你的帳戶將被凍結(jié)）可知，如果借閱的書籍到期未歸還，你的賬戶會(huì)被凍結(jié)。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Duringuniversityvacations部分中的Notallitemsareavailableforvacationloan.（并不是所有的書籍都可以假期借閱）可知，并不是所有的書籍都可以假期借閱。故選B。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了圖書館使用時(shí)的相關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

4~7.【答案】D、A、D、B

【解析】（1）短語猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中IshouldletyouknowthatwhenI'mnervousIoftenhaveaseverecaseofwordvomitandI'vebeenknowntoasksomeoddballquestionsnowandagain.Inapreviouslife，Ishouldhavebeenanewsreporter.（我應(yīng)該讓你知道，當(dāng)我緊張的時(shí)候，我經(jīng)常會(huì)有嚴(yán)重的wordvomit而且我還會(huì)時(shí)不時(shí)地問一些奇怪的問題。前世，我應(yīng)該是一名新聞?dòng)浾撸┛芍o張的時(shí)候會(huì)反復(fù)問奇怪的問題，甚至夸張到可以當(dāng)新聞?dòng)浾摺Ｓ纱送浦?，這時(shí)話非常多，wordvomit意思應(yīng)該是"健談的"。A．Beingsensitive.（敏感的）；B．Beingacceptable.（可接受的）；C．Beingjoky.（愛開玩笑的）；D．Beingtalkative.（健談的）。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Thatbeingsaid，Davidwasinforsomeinterestingcompanyononeofthehardestmarathoncoursesoutthere.（話雖如此，David在最艱難的馬拉松賽道上遇到了一些有趣的陪伴）可知，被邀請(qǐng)來引導(dǎo)David是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)有趣的同伴。故選A項(xiàng)。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中Iusedittomyadvantagealongthecourseandanytimeitseemedwemightfallbehindabit，Idescribedhowtherewouldbepeanutbutterchocolateheavenatthefinishlineifwekeptrunning.（我在比賽過程中充分利用了這一點(diǎn)，每當(dāng)我們似乎有點(diǎn)落后時(shí)，我就會(huì)描述如果我們繼續(xù)跑下去，終點(diǎn)線會(huì)是花生醬巧克力的天堂）可知，利用David和自己對(duì)花生醬巧克力的共同喜愛，在落后的時(shí)候不斷進(jìn)行鼓勵(lì)。因此，巧克力在這場(chǎng)比賽中發(fā)揮了提振精神的作用。故選D。

（4）推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，在給David做引導(dǎo)的過程中，一直非常健談，不斷用巧克力激勵(lì)彼此一直跑下去，在經(jīng)過韋爾斯利學(xué)院的時(shí)候，給David閱讀指示牌，帶來笑聲和歡樂。由此推知，是一個(gè)外向熱情的人。故選B。

本文是一篇記敘文。講述了自己受邀給盲人運(yùn)動(dòng)員David做比賽引導(dǎo)的故事，雖然一開始非常緊張焦慮，但是在比賽途中與David非常合拍，一路充滿了笑聲和歡樂。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

8~11.【答案】B、A、D、C

【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Ontheotherhand，populationsofsmallmammalsmayalsotakeadvantagewhenweatherconditionsimprovebyproducingmanyoffspring.（另一方面，小型哺乳動(dòng)物種群也可能利用天氣條件改善的機(jī)會(huì)繁殖許多后代。）可知，在極端氣候下，小型哺乳動(dòng)物也可能利用天氣條件改善的機(jī)會(huì)繁殖許多后代從而幸存下來。由此可推斷，能讓小型哺乳動(dòng)物在極端氣候下幸存下來的原因是其強(qiáng)大的繁殖能力。故選B。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段Largeanimalsthatlivelongercancopebetterwithanextremeeventsuchasapersistentdroughtbecausetheseanimalshavetheoptiontowaituntilconditionsimprovetoreproduce.Thesameweathereventwouldaffectsmallmammalsdifferently，asfoodsourceslikeinsects，flowers，andfruitswoulddisappearquickly.（壽命較長(zhǎng)的大型動(dòng)物可以更好地應(yīng)對(duì)極端事件，如持續(xù)干旱，因?yàn)檫@些動(dòng)物可以選擇等到條件改善再繁殖。同樣的天氣事件會(huì)對(duì)小型哺乳動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生不同的影響，因?yàn)槔ハx、鮮花和水果等食物來源會(huì)迅速消失。）可推斷，食物來源可能影響動(dòng)物在極端天氣下的生存可能性。故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Heemphasizedthattheabilityofanimalstoendureclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorfortheirextinction."Habitatdestruction，pollution，poachingandinvasivespeciesarefactorsthatthreatenmanyanimalspecies—inmanycasesevenmorethanclimatechange，"headded.（他補(bǔ)充道，"棲息地破壞、污染、偷獵和入侵物種是威脅許多動(dòng)物物種的因素，在許多情況下甚至比氣候變化更嚴(yán)重。"）可知，由于人類的行為，動(dòng)物棲息地受到破壞，所以保護(hù)生態(tài)是拯救物種免于滅絕的關(guān)鍵。故選D。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第二段Theresearchersanalyzedhistoricalpopulationvariationsamong157mammalspeciesfromaroundtheworld.Thesefluctuationswerecomparedwithweatherandclimatedatefromthesametimeperiod.Theresultsareprovidingnewinsightintohowanimalsrespondtoextremeweather.Inparticular，theexpertshaveidentifiedwhichanimalpopulationswillbethehardesthitbyclimatechange.（研究人員分析了世界各地157種哺乳動(dòng)物的歷史種群變化。這些波動(dòng)與同一時(shí)期的天氣和氣候數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較。研究結(jié)果為研究動(dòng)物如何應(yīng)對(duì)極端天氣提供了新的視角。特別是，專家們已經(jīng)確定了哪些動(dòng)物種群將受到氣候變化的最嚴(yán)重打擊。）及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)來自丹麥南部大學(xué)的新研究：小型哺乳動(dòng)物在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的壓力方面將面臨困難，而大型、壽命長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)物能夠更好地應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間干旱和暴雨等極端天氣。C選項(xiàng)"哪些動(dòng)物最不受極端天氣的影響？"通過設(shè)問的方式，引發(fā)讀者思考，同時(shí)突出了文章中心，適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)來自丹麥南部大學(xué)的新研究：小型哺乳動(dòng)物在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的壓力方面將面臨困難，而大型、壽命長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)物能夠更好地應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間干旱和暴雨等極端天氣。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握觀點(diǎn)。

12~15.【答案】A、C、B、C

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段Byusingartificialintelligence，companieshavethepotentialtomakebusinessmoreefficientandprofitable.Butultimately，thevalueofartificialintelligenceisn'tinthesystemsthemselvesbutinhowcompaniesusethosesystemstoassisthumans（通過使用人工智能，公司有可能提高業(yè)務(wù)效率和盈利能力。但最終，人工智能的價(jià)值不在于系統(tǒng)本身，而在于公司如何使用這些系統(tǒng)來幫助人類）可知，人工智能的價(jià)值在于公司如何使用這些系統(tǒng)來幫助人類。故選A。

（2）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子Worse，sometimesit'sbiased，becauseit'sbuiltonthegender，racial，andvariousotherlimitationsoftheinternetandsocietymoregenerally.（更糟糕的是，有時(shí)它是不可靠的，因?yàn)樗⒃谛詣e、種族以及互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社會(huì)的各種其他限制之上。）可知，人工智能有時(shí)是帶有偏見的。因此劃線單詞的意思和"有偏見、不可靠的"相近。A.Unclear不清楚的；B.Unimportant不重要的；C.Unreliable不可靠的）；D.Unusual不同尋常的。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Theseriskscanbereduced，however，inafewways.Forone，it'scrucialtocarefullyselecttheinitialdatausedtotrainthesemodelstoavoidincludingtoxic（中毒的）orincorrectcontent.Next，ratherthanoperatinganoff-the-shelfgenerative-AImodel，organizationscouldconsiderusingsmaller，specializedmodels.Organizationswithmoreresourcescouldalsocustomizeageneralmodelbasedontheirowndatatofittheirneedsandminimizeshortcoming.（然而，這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以通過幾種方式降低。首先，仔細(xì)選擇用于訓(xùn)練這些模型的初始數(shù)據(jù)至關(guān)重要，以避免包含有毒或不正確的內(nèi)容。接下來，與其使用現(xiàn)成的生成人工智能模型，組織可以考慮使用更小、更專業(yè)的模型。擁有更多資源的組織也可以根據(jù)他們自己的數(shù)據(jù)定制通用模型，以滿足他們的需求并最小化缺點(diǎn)）可知，減少人工智能的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)應(yīng)該由開放商和運(yùn)營(yíng)公司負(fù)責(zé)。故選B。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段AIisamachine'sabilitytoperformthecognitive（認(rèn)知的）functionsweassociatewithhumanminds，suchasreasoning，learning，interactingwithanenvironment，problemsolving，andevenexercisingcreativity.（人工智能是一種機(jī)器執(zhí)行認(rèn)知功能的能力，我們將其與人類的思維聯(lián)系在一起，比如推理、學(xué)習(xí)、與環(huán)境互動(dòng)、解決問題，甚至鍛煉創(chuàng)造力）以及最后一段Theseriskscanbereduced，however，inafewways.（然而，這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以通過幾種方式降低。）可知，文章主要介紹了人工智能以及如何降低其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人工智能的相關(guān)內(nèi)容以及其可能帶來的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并就如何降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)給出一定建議。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16~20.【答案】B、C、G、D、E

【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Theappealofthisdietisclear--you'reencouragedtoeatdelicious，highfatfoodslikehardcheese，butter，baconandsteakinplentifulamounts.（這種飲食的吸引力是顯而易見的——鼓勵(lì)你吃大量美味的高脂肪食物，如硬奶酪、黃油、培根和牛排）可知，這種飲食鼓勵(lì)人們攝入大量高脂肪食物。選項(xiàng)B"它的關(guān)鍵在于低碳水化合物的攝入和高脂肪的消耗"符合上文內(nèi)容，指的都是生酮飲食需要攝入高脂肪食物。故選B。

（2）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Whenketonesarepresent，thebodytransitionsintoametabolic（新陳代謝的）statecalledketosis.Peoplesometimesexperiencedrymouthorfeelingoverallunwellwhentheystartthediet--symptomsofketosiscalledthe"ketoflu".Butonceyourbodyadapts，thosesymptomswillusuallydisappear.（當(dāng)酮存在時(shí)，身體轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐环N稱為酮癥的代謝狀態(tài)。當(dāng)人們開始這種飲食時(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)感到口干或全身不適——這是一種被稱為"酮癥流感"的酮癥癥狀。但一旦你的身體適應(yīng)了，這些癥狀通常就會(huì)消失）可知，下文主要解釋了酮在或不在身體中存在時(shí)的身體癥狀。選項(xiàng)C"酮是身體開始分解脂肪獲取能量時(shí)產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)物質(zhì)"與下文內(nèi)容一致，講述的都是酮代謝的相關(guān)信息。故選C。

（3）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Forthebodytoremaininketosis，carbohydrateintakemustbereducedto10percent，whichmeansrestrictingalotoffoodgroups.Grains，fruits，vegetables，manydairyproductsandevennutsthatcontaincarbohydratesmustbelimited.（為了使身體保持酮癥狀態(tài)，碳水化合物的攝入量必須減少到10%，這意味著要限制很多食物種類。含有的碳水化合物的谷物、水果、蔬菜、許多乳制品甚至堅(jiān)果都必須加以限制）可知，為了維持酮癥狀態(tài)，碳水化合物的攝入量需要大量減少。選項(xiàng)G"然而，這可能會(huì)變得更加難以維持，因?yàn)樵S多這些來源也含有碳水化合物"是上文內(nèi)容的延續(xù)，其中的thosesources指的正是上文的Grains，fruits，vegetables，manydairyproductsandevennuts。故選G。

（4）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文AccordingtoareportfromtheAmericanHeartAssociation，notsomuch.Infact，ketorankedasoneoftheunhealthiest.（根據(jù)米國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)的一份報(bào)告，事實(shí)并非如此。事實(shí)上，生酮被列為最不健康的食物之一）可知，米國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)的報(bào)告認(rèn)為生酮是不健康的食物之一。選項(xiàng)D"該報(bào)告將流行的飲食分為四個(gè)等級(jí)，生酮被列為第四級(jí)——最低的"與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的都是米國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)的報(bào)告認(rèn)為生酮是不健康的。故選D。

（5）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文Butweknowintheshort-termstudiesthatketogenicdietcanleadtohigherhealthrisks.（但我們知道，在短期研究中，生酮飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致更高的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知，下文講述的是根據(jù)短期研究生酮飲食會(huì)導(dǎo)致更高的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。選項(xiàng)E"到目前為止，還沒有任何長(zhǎng)期的研究揭示酮類飲食對(duì)人們健康的影響"指的是沒有任何長(zhǎng)期的研究揭示酮類飲食對(duì)人們健康的影響。與下文的intheshort-termstudies相一致。故選E。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了生酮飲食的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，包括其具體功效以及可能存在的隱患。