2016考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)長(zhǎng)難句講義

考研英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)班講—JackworksinaSeeingafilmisbetterthanlisteningtothe(It’snouselinghimtheTolearnEnglishwellisnot(It’snoteasytolearnEnglishThatweneedmoremoneyisquite(It’sapitythatyouhavemissedsuchagoodIdoexercisesI’llsendhimtheThenewsmadehimveryIdon’tknowwhetherhe’llcomeorTogiveupsmokingisveryHewantstogotobuyaTherearealotofboysontheygroundyingHewentoutoftheroomquickly,followedbyhisHavingtoldhimthenews,webegantoeatthebananasservedbyhisTheecologicalproblemscausedbyhumaneconomicactivitiesareworsening.Sportsmen(fromallovertheworld)willcompeteintheOlympicAman(calledJack)wrotethisThewoman（sittingthere,watchingTV,）isourEnglishThemeeting（tobeheldnextMonday）willbeveryThereason（whyhedidit）wasthatheneededmoney［Beingastudent］,Imuststudy［Movedbyhiswords］,thelittlegirl［Tosolvethisproblem］,wemustuseaHeissuccessful［becauseheisveryHeisseriouslyAsforreading,heisasgoodasaAsluckwouldhaveit,noonewashurtwhentheboilerScienceisthebodyofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveefforts,insights,findingsandwisdomofthehumanrace.PassageAftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakebeenmuchworse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,anearthquakeofsimilarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25000victims.InjuriesanddeathswererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausetheearthquakeoccurredat4:31a.m.onaholiday,whentrafficwaslightonthecity’shighways.Inaddition,changesmadetotheconstructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast6yearshavestrengthenedthecity’sbuildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttothequakes.Despitethegoodnews,civilengineersaren’trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsareblueprints(藍(lán)圖)forimprovedearthquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldofferevengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftentakece.Inthepast,makingstructuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexibletoliftabuildingoffitsfoundationandinsertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactofgroundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteandsteelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoanearthquake’svibration.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,thecomputersinthebuildingwouldthebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirection.PassageThereseemsnevertohavebeenacivilizationwithouttoys,butwhenandhowtodo.Intheancientworld,asistoday,mostboysyedwithsomekindsofandmostgirlswithanother.Insocietieswheresocialrolesarerigidlydetermined,boyspatterntheiryaftertheactivitiesoftheirfathersandgirlsafterthetasksoftheirmothers.Thisistruebecauseboysandgirlsarebeingoverthecenturiesbuthowmuchtheyhaveremainedthesame.Thechangeshavebeenmostlyintermsofcraftsmanship,mechanics,andtechnology.Itistheuniversalityoftoyswithregardtotheirdevelopmentinallpartsoftheworldandtheirpersistencetothepresentthatisamazing.InEgypt,theAmericas,.Japan,andamongtheArcticpeople,generallythesamekindsoftoysappeared.Variationsdependedonlocalcustomsandwaysoflifebecausetoysimitatetheiranimalsandvehicles. Part (20分鐘，10分Directions:Translatethefollowingpassageinto.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERThird-handsmokeistobaccocontaminationthatlingersincarpets,clothesandothermaterialshoursorevendaysafteracigaretteisputout.Accordingtoastudy,alargenumberofpeople,particularlysmokers,havenoideathatthird-handsmokeisahealthhazardforpeople.Ofthe1500smokersandnon-smokerssurveyed,thevastmajorityagreedthatsecond-handsmokeisdangerous.Butwhenaskedwhethertheyanswered“yes”.SectionDirections:Translatethefollowingpassageinto.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERAnecosystemisagroupofanimalsandntslivinginaspecificregionandinctingwithoneanotherandwiththeirphysicalenvironment.Ecosystemsincludephysicalandchemicalcomponents,suchassoils,water,andnutrientsthatsupporttheorganismslivingthere.Theseorganismsmayrangefromlargeanimalstomicroscopicbacteria.Ecosystemsalsocanbethoughtofastheinctionsamongallorganismsinagivenarea;forinstance,onespeciesmayserveasfoodforanother.Peoplearepartoftheecosystemswheretheyliveandwork.Humanactivitiescanharmordestroylocalecosystemsunlessactionssuchaslanddevelopmentforhousingorbusinessesarecarefullynnedtoconserveandsustaintheecologyofthearea.SectionDirections:Translatethefollowingpassageinto.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWEROvertheyears,wetendtothinkthatnuclearandthenecessaryknow-howtoensurenuclearsafetyhavebeendevelopedtoalevelthatpossibilitiesforanymajornuclearaccidentsarealmostnon-existentandifitdoeshappen,itwillbecontrolledinthecapablehandsofnuclearengineers.However,realityhasprovedagainthatyoujustcan'tbetoocarefultohandlenuclearenergy.Wedon'tknowforsureyetwhatwillbeleftbehindJapan'snuclearcrisis,butitwillbecertainthatitistimetore-examineournuclearpracticesandmanymoreeffortsneedtobemadetoensurenuclearsafetyinthefuture.Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthescientificenterprise.Insomeways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferentphenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframe(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,andseeksatheoryofeverything–asinglegenerativeequationforallwesee.Itis inglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbeasimplification,giventhedimensionsanduniversesthatitmightentail,nonetheless,unificationofsortsremainsamajorgoal.Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.(47)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforifallhumanssharecommonoriginsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedtomoreconstrainedbeginnings.Justasthebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtshipritualsmightallbeconsideredformsof selection,perhapstheworld’slanguages,music,socialandreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryareernedbyuniversalfeatures.(48)TofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableustounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionaryorcognitiveThat,atleast,isthehope.Butacomparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublishedonlinetodaysarealitycheck.RussellGrayattheUniversityofAucklandandhiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgr rsinthelightoftwopreviousattemptstofinduniversalityinlanguage.ThemostfamousoftheseeffortswasinitiatedbyNoamChomsky,whosuggestedthathumansarebornwithaninnatelanguage–acquisitioncapacitythatdictatesauniversalgr Afewgenerativerulesarethensufficienttounfoldtheentirefundamentalstructureofalanguage,