英語主謂一致詳解

主謂一致(Agreement)一.本周教學(xué)內(nèi)容：主謂一致(Agreement)二.重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：主謂一致問題是中國學(xué)生最容易忽視的語法現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)樵跐h語中不涉及主謂一致問題，所以要想掌握這個(gè)問題，一定要看清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找準(zhǔn)主語，判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。具體內(nèi)容：語法結(jié)構(gòu)上的一致。找準(zhǔn)主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。一些不確切的表示比例的修飾詞修飾主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語決定。女如all,most,half,some,many,rest,40%,2/3,onethird等，none作主語時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)要看句子結(jié)構(gòu)要求。例句：Halfofthewaterisfreshwater.Allofmyfriendslikesports.TwothirdsofthewoodwasmadeinJapan.70%ofthestudentsagree.Noneofthepeoplehereisafarmer.表示確切數(shù)量的詞修飾主語時(shí)，主語中心語決定謂語動(dòng)詞，注意neither或either作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞看作單數(shù)。例句：OneofthestudentscomesfromEngland.Neitherofthegirlslikesfootball.主語由morethanone…或manya…修飾，雖然表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但主語中心語是名詞單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是more???thanone修飾主語，主語中心語一定是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)。例句：Morethanahousehasbeendamagedinthehurricane.Moremembersthanoneareforyouplan.（4）一些主語后會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞短語aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)只由主語中心語決定。例句：Theteacherwithherstudentswasexcitedafterthematch.NobodybutSamandMikewasintheclassroom.注：如果名詞由every,each,no來修飾，即便結(jié)構(gòu)上表示并列，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Everygirlandeveryboylikesfootball.Eachmemberandeachwaiteroftheclubissatisfiedwiththebehavioroftheboss.（5）有的詞組既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，如alotof,lotsof,plentyof,謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞決定，但是amountsof,quantitiesof無論修飾可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：Plentyofwaterontheearthisseawater.Amountsofwaterareusedtowaterflowers.語言意義上的一致有的單詞單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，有的單詞復(fù)數(shù)形式表示單數(shù)意義，還有的單詞單復(fù)數(shù)同型，那就要看在句子中所表達(dá)的意義了。（1）集體名詞：crowd,people,police,cattle,militia等，單數(shù)形式，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義；然而family,team,group等集體名詞，既可以看作整體，表示單數(shù)意義，也可以強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義。例句：Thepolicewererunningaftertherobber.警方正在追趕那個(gè)盜賊。ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.全家人在看電視。Theredteamwonthegame.紅隊(duì)贏得了比賽。形復(fù)意單的名詞news,works等和一些學(xué)科名詞physics,politics,economics,表達(dá)單數(shù)含義。例句：Theworkswastranslatedin1859.這本著作是1859年翻譯的。一些單復(fù)數(shù)同型的名詞means,species,Chinese,Japanese，要分析句子中的具體意義，選擇謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：Chineseisahard-workingrace.中華民族是個(gè)勤勞的民族。Chinesearehard-workingpeople.中國人民是勤勞的人民。不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句做主語時(shí)，要看所并列的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句所指代的情況是一個(gè)整體還是不同情形來選擇謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例句：Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisgoodforyourhealth.Wheretofindhimandhowtofindhimisnotknowntous.Tobestrictwithoneselfandtobekindtoothersaregoodqualitiesofaperson.就近原則or,either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…連接的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于離謂語較近的主語。例句：NotonlyTombutalsoMaryandHelenarefromAmerica.Thestudentsortheirteacherlikesthenewclassroom.therebe句型中，遵循就近原則。例句：Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.【典型例題】[例1]Tony,alongwithhismotherandaunt,goingtotheconcert.A.areB.isC.isabletoD.darenot答案：B解析：alongwithhismotherandaunt這個(gè)介詞短語在含義上表示伴隨狀態(tài)，但是在結(jié)構(gòu)上，只有Tony是主語，故謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)形式。[例2]Halfofthefurnituremade.A.areB.hasbeenC.haveD.has答案：B解析：當(dāng)halfof修飾主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)看名詞furniture,故選單數(shù)形式。[例3]“Arethereanystudentswhocananswerthisquestion”“”.A.NeitherB.NoneC.NooneD.Nobody答案：C解析:none和noone都可以指人,但這里是一個(gè)therebe句型的一般疑問句形式，完整的答話應(yīng)“No,thereisnostudentwhocananswerthisquestion.所以當(dāng)我們回答時(shí)使用Noone；如果我們問“Howmanyofthestudentscananswerthisquestion”應(yīng)回答“None”,none表示數(shù)量為零。[例4]Thisfurnitureisdifferentfrom.A.thatB.thatoneC.theseD.theseones答案：A解析：注意furniture是不可數(shù)名詞，所以不能用one或these來指代，故選A。[例5]Thenumberoferrors.A.aresurprisingB.weresurprisingC.issurprisedD.wassurprising答案：D解析：主語中心語是number，而不是errors所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。[例6]Eitherofthetwosidesofthestreettrees.A.havebeenplantedA.havebeenplantedB.mustplantC.isplantedD.willbepermittedtoplant答案：C解析：Either做句子主語中心語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：40分鐘）NobodybutSamandMikeinthelab.A.hadbeenB.isC.wereA.hadbeenB.isC.wereD.areManyamanManyamantotakephysicalexaminations.A.wasusedB.wasrequiredC.wantD.whoisgoingtoA.wasusedB.wasrequiredC.wantD.whoisgoingtoJack'simagination,aswellashissenseofhumor,delighted.Jack'simagination,aswellashissenseofhumor,delighted.A.werebothB.hadC.haveA.werebothB.hadC.haveD.wasBurt,notAnneandLaura,Burt,notAnneandLaura,thebicyclepump.A.havefoundB.havebeenfoundC.hasbeenfoundD.hasfoundA.havefoundB.havebeenfoundC.hasbeenfoundD.hasfoundTocollectstampsTocollectstampsmuchmoney.A.spendB.costsC.takeD.canhaveA.spendB.costsC.takeD.canhave6.There6.Thereadictionaryandseveralbooksonthedesk.A.areB.mustC.havebeenA.areB.mustC.havebeenD.is7.7.Allthatglittersnotgold.A.haveB.hasC.isD.areA.haveB.hasC.isD.are8.Thepopulationofourcountry8.Thepopulationofourcountryby50percentoverthelasttwentyyears.A.hasincreasedB.wererisenC.havebeenincreasedD.haveroseA.hasincreasedB.wererisenC.havebeenincreasedD.haveroseEachoneofthestatuesdifferent.Eachoneofthestatuesdifferent.A.arenotB.isC.makeA.arenotB.isC.makeD.canbenotAconsiderablenumberofparticlesAconsiderablenumberofparticleselectriccharges.A.carriesB.carryC.carriedD.hascarriedA.carriesB.carryC.carriedD.hascarriedTerryisonlyoneofthesecretarieswhoclasses.A.stillattendB.stillattendsC.attendstillD.havestillattendedA.stillattendB.stillattendsC.attendstillD.havestillattendedThesingeranddanceroureveningparty.A.istoattendB.aretoattendC.weretoattendD.isattendA.istoattendB.aretoattendC.weretoattendD.isattendTheathlete,togetherwithcoachandseveralrelatives,totheOlympicGames.Theathlete,togetherwithcoachandseveralrelatives,totheOlympicGames.A.travelB.aretravelingC.betravelingD.istravelingA.travelB.aretravelingC.betravelingD.istravelingAllwhospeakwellofyounotyourfriends.Allwhospeakwellofyounotyourfriends.A.areB.isC.havebeenD.hasbeenA.areB.isC.havebeenD.hasbeen15.Morestudentsthanone15.MorestudentsthanonewatchingtheOlympicsintheclassroom.A.areB.isC.haveD.hasA.areB.isC.haveD.has試題答案】1.B2.B3.D4.D5.B6.D7.C8.A9.B10.B11.B12.A13.D14.A15.A【勵(lì)志故事】主語是句子敘述的主體，可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞和主語從句等來承擔(dān)。謂語說明主語所發(fā)出的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。謂語由動(dòng)詞來承擔(dān)。賓語是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語從句等來擔(dān)任。定語是句子中修飾名詞，代詞或其它名詞化的詞。狀語是修飾動(dòng)詞短語、形容詞短語、副詞短語、分句以至句子的成分。狀語根據(jù)語義可分為時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結(jié)構(gòu)狀語、程度狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、方式狀語、方面狀語、伴隨狀語