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UNITED

NATIONS

CONFERENCE

ON

TRADE

AND

DEVELOPMENTInvestmentAdvisorySeriesSeriesA,number10FACILITATING

INVESTMENTINTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTGOALSUNITED

NATIONS

CONFERENCE

ON

TRADE

AND

DEVELOPMENTInvestmentAdvisorySeriesSeriesA,number10FACILITATING

INVESTMENTINTHESUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTGOALSGENEVA,2023?2023,UnitedNationsThis

work

is

available

through

open

access,

by

complying

with

theCreative

Commons

licence

created

for

intergovernmental

organizations,

at/licenses/by/3.0/igo/.The

?ndings,

interpretations

and

conclusions

expressed

herein

are

those

of

theauthors

and

do

not

necessarily

re?ect

the

views

of

the

United

Nations

or

itsof?cialsorMemberStates.The

designations

employed

and

the

presentation

of

material

on

any

map

in

thiswork

do

not

imply

the

expression

of

any

opinion

whatsoever

on

the

part

of

theUnited

Nations

concerning

the

legal

status

of

any

country,

territory,

city

or

areaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.Photocopiesandreproductionsofexcerptsareallowedwithpropercredits.Thispublicationhasbeeneditedexternally.United

Nations

publication

issued

by

the

United

Nations

Conference

on

TradeandDevelopment.UNCTAD/DIAE/PCB/2022/3ISSN978-92-1-604005-5UnitedNationspublicationiiInvestmentAdvisorySeries-

SeriesA,number10NoteAs

the

focal

point

in

the

United

Nations

system

for

investment,

and

buildingon

decades

of

experience

in

this

area,

UNCTAD,

through

its

Division

onInvestment

and

Enterprise

(DIAE),

promotes

understanding

of

key

issuesrelated

to

foreign

direct

investment

(FDI)

and

enterprise

development.

DIAEalso

assists

developing

countries

in

enhancing

their

productive

capacities

andinternational

competitiveness

through

the

integrated

treatment

of

investmentandenterprisedevelopment.Materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyquotedorreprinted,butacknowledgementisrequested,togetherwithacopyofthepublicationcontainingthequotationorreprinttobesentto:Chief,InvestmentPromotionSectionDivisiononInvestmentandEnterpriseUnitedNationsConferenceonTrade

andDevelopmentPalaisdesNations,RoomE-10080CH-1211Geneva10,SwitzerlandE-mail:ips@Publications

are

available

on

the

websites

and.FacilitatingInvestmentintheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsiiiPrefaceThe

Investment

Advisory

Series

provides

practical

advice

and

case

studies

of

bestpolicy

practice

for

attracting

FDI

that

contributes

to

sustainable

development.The

series

draws

on

the

experiences

gained

in,

and

lessons

learned

through,UNCTAD

capacity-

and

institution-building

work

in

developing

countries

andcountrieswitheconomiesintransition.Series

A

deals

with

issues

related

to

investment

promotion

and

facilitation,

andto

the

work

of

investment

promotion

agencies

(IPAs)

and

other

institutions

thatpromote

FDI

and

provide

information

and

services

to

investors.

The

publicationsare

intended

to

be

pragmatic,

with

a

“how-to”

focus,

and

include

guides

andhandbooks.

The

prime

target

audience

for

Series

A

is

practitioners

in

the

?eld

ofinvestmentpromotionandfacilitation,mainlyinIPAs.Series

B

focuses

on

case

studies

of

best

practices

in

policy

and

strategicmatters

related

to

FDI

and

development

arising

from

existing

and

emergingchallenges.TheprimarytargetaudienceforSeriesBispolicymakersinthe?eldof

investment.

Other

target

audiences

include

civil

society,

the

private

sector

andinternationalorganizations.The

Investment

Advisory

Series

is

prepared

by

a

group

of

UNCTAD

staff

membersand

consultants

under

the

guidance

of

James

Zhan.

The

present

guide

waspreparedby

a

team

led

by

Paul

Wessendorp

and

comprising

Stephania

Bonilla-Feret

and

Carlos

Grif?n.

The

guide

bene?ted

from

comments

and

contributionsfrom

Richard

Bolwijn,

Bruno

Casella,

Chantal

Dupasquier,

Maha

El

Masri,Natalia

Guerra,

Massimo

Meloni,

Ian

Richards

and

Amelia

Santos-Paulino.

Itwas

prepared

for

desktop

publishing

by

Ana

Beatriz

Dominguez

Organero

andeditedbyJohnRogers.The

publication

bene?ted

from

experiences

gained

under

a

United

NationsDevelopmentAccountproject.FacilitatingInvestmentintheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsvContentsIntroduction112345TheneedforinvestmentintheSDGsTheroleofinvestmentfacilitationandinvestmentpromotionagenciesAimofthisguideStructureofthisguideChapter1Awhole-of-governmentapproachtoSDGinvestmentfacilitation1.1.PuttingSDGinvestmenthighonthepolicyagenda.

....................

51.2Mappingkeygovernmentactorsinchargeofinvestmentfacilitation.........

91.3Ensuringstrongcoordinationforagovernment-widestrategy

............

13Chapter2StepsinfacilitatingSDG-orientedinvestment172.1DevelopanSDGprojectpipeline

..................................

192.2Findandsecurepartners

........................................

222.3Facilitateandprovideaftercare....................................

272.4Givestakeholdersfeedback.

.....................................

30Chapter3Digitalizationofinvestmentfacilitation333.1Pursuingaprogressiveapproachtodigitalization.

.....................

333.2DigitaltoolsusedacrossanIPA’s

operations

.........................

363.3StrategicallyleveragingdigitalizationforSDGimpact

...................

44Bibliography46FacilitatingInvestmentintheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsviiBoxesBox1.BackgroundtoUNCTAD’s

GlobalActionMenuforInvestmentFacilitation

....

6Box2.TheGlobalAllianceofSpecialEconomicZones

.......................

10Box3.Malaysia–Anationalapproachtowardselevatedeconomic,socialandgovernance(ESG)focusontheSDGs

....................................

14Box4.TheNamibianIPA

andagovernment-wideapproachtopromoteinvestmentingreenhydrogen

...................................................

15Box5.Brazil-Nationalstrategytofacilitateinvestmentinsectorsthatcontributetofoodsecurity

.......................................................

16Box6.ExamplesofIPAs

settingSDG-relatedobjectivesandtargets.

............

21Box7.WorkingwithstakeholderstofacilitateinvestmentinSDG2onzerohungerandfoodsecurity....................................................

23Box8.ExamplesofIPAs

engaginginpartnershipstostrengthentheenablingecosystemforSDGinvestment.........................................

28Box9.ExamplesofIPAs

supportinginvestorstoimprovetheirSDGimpact

.......

30Box10.CostaRica’s

IPA

reportingonprioritySDGs

.........................

32Box11.UNCTAD

proposes4stepsforIPAs

toadoptastrategicapproachtodigitalization........................................................

35Box12.InvestmentpromotionagenciesfacilitatingSDG-sectorinvestmentinformationonline

...................................................

38Box13.Investmentpromotionagenciesworkingwithdevelopmentpartnerstocreateonlineinvestmentopportunitymapsandportals

.....................

39Box14.ExamplesofIPAs

usingdigitaltoolstofacilitatethesiteselectionprocess

..

40Box15.ExamplesofinvestmentfacilitationdigitaltoolsdevelopedbyUNCTADfordevelopingcountries

..............................................

41Box16.Examplesofdigitalplatformstofacilitateinvestmentpartnerships

........

42Box17.ExamplesofdigitaltoolsusedbyIPAs

toimproveonlinefeedbackmechanismstocontributetopolicyadvocacy

..............................

43viiiInvestmentAdvisorySeries-

SeriesA,number10TablesTable

1.SDG-relevantsectorsforinvestment................................

7Table

2.ExamplesofOIAsfocusedonSDG-relatedsectors

...................

25Table

3.Types

ofdigitaltoolsusedbyIPAs

................................

36FiguresFigure1.KeygovernmentactorsinvolvedinSDGinvestmentfacilitation

..........

12Figure2.TheSDGinvestmentpromotioncyclewithtypicalinvestmentfacilitationactivities

..................................................

17Figure3.ProactivestepsinSDGinvestmentfacilitation

.......................

18FacilitatingInvestmentintheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsixAbbreviationsACPAfrican,CaribbeanandPaci?cStatesAPEXCINDECRMDIAEESGBrazilianTrade

andInvestmentPromotionAgencyCostaRicanInvestmentPromotionAgencycustomerrelationshipmanagementDivisiononInvestmentandEnterprise(UNCTAD)environmental,socialandgovernanceforeigndirectinvestmentFDIGASEZIDAGlobalAllianceofSpecialEconomicZonesIndustrialDevelopmentAgency(Ireland)investmentpromotionagencyIPALNDCMIDAMIGAMNEMSMENCILesothoNationalDevelopmentCorporationMalaysianInvestmentDevelopmentAuthorityMultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgencymultinationalenterprisemicro-,smallandmedium-sizedenterpriseMalaysiaNationalCommitteeonInvestmentnon-governmentalorganizationNGONIPDBOIANamibiaInvestmentPromotionandDevelopmentBoardoutwardinvestmentagencyPPPpublic–privatepartnershipSDGSustainableDevelopmentGoalSEZspecialeconomiczoneSMEsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseUNCTADUNIDOUNDPWAIPAWTOUnitedNationsConferenceonTrade

andDevelopmentUnitedNationsIndustrialDevelopmentOrganizationUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeWorldAssociationofInvestmentPromotionAgenciesWorldTrade

OrganizationxInvestmentAdvisorySeries-

SeriesA,number10ExecutiveSummaryInvestment

facilitation

is

a

key

tool

for

governments

to

attract

and

secureinvestmentandtoencourageinvestorstoexpandtheirprojects.Itisparticularlyimportant

for

Sustainable

Development

Goal

(SDG)-related

investment,

whichoften

requires

more

proactive

and

more

tailored

services

for

investors

thantraditional

investment.

It

calls

for

a

“whole-of-government”

approach

in

whichdifferent

government

entities

work

together

to

assist

investors

through

theinvestmentprocess.For

IPAs,

as

facilitators

of

foreign

investment,

the

focus

on

SDG-relatedinvestment

requires

a

change

in

operations.

This

starts

with

the

developmentof

SDG

project

pipelines

and

continues

with

the

facilitation

of

these

projects

tomaximize

SDG

impact.

Policy

advocacy

should

be

informed

by

these

servicesand

report

on

lessons

learned

from

facilitating

investment

towards

the

SDGs.This

can

help

IPAs

in

their

efforts

to

improve

the

enabling

environment

forSDG-relatedinvestment.To

develop

SDG

project

opportunities,

but

also

to

help

SDG

investors

in

theestablishment

and

operation

of

projects,

IPAs

need

to

expand

their

network

ofstakeholders

within

and

outside

of

government.

New

partnerships

should

becreated

with

local

governments

and

with

ministries

dealing

with

SDG-relatedinvestment

opportunities,

including

projects

in

health,

education

and

theenvironment.

IPAs

also

need

to

reach

out

to

non-traditional

investors

that

couldprovide

?nancial

or

technical

support

to

projects,

such

as

development

banks,institutionalinvestors,andnon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs).To

stay

competitive

in

a

digitalized

economy,

IPAs

need

to

conduct

many

oftheir

promotional

activities

online

and

offer

facilitation

services

through

digitalplatforms

and

tools.

New

programmes

and

instruments

are

available

that

cansupport

IPAs

in

conducting

their

functions

more

effectively.

The

digitalization

ofinvestment

promotion

has

the

potential

to

strengthen

the

SDG

impact

of

anagency’s

investment

facilitation

services,

but

it

is

not

automatic.

IPAs

shouldensure

that

SDG

information

is

integrated

across

their

digital

tools

and

systemsrelated

to

investment.

This

can

allow

agencies

to

track

the

SDG

impact

andadjustpoliciesandpracticesifpursuedobjectivesarenotbeingmet.FacilitatingInvestmentintheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsxiInvestmentpromotionandfacilitationInvestment

promotion

and

investment

facilitation

are

distinct

activities,but

they

are

closely

linked.Investment

facilitation

is

generally

concerned

with

information

provision,

transparency

of

rules

andregulations,

and

the

streamlining

of

administrative

procedures

for

investors.As

such,

investmentfacilitation

is

usually

considered

less

suitable

for

investment

attraction,

including

SDG-relatedinvestment,

which

can

involve

investor

targeting

and

selective

incentives.

However,

many

typicalactivities

of

IPAs

fall

in

between

promotion

and

facilitation,

and

both

areas

need

to

connectseamlesslyforeffectiveSDGinvestmentprojectdevelopment.This

publication

considers

an

expanded

scope

of

investment

facilitation

and

should

be

read

inconjunction

with

the

Investment

Advisory

Series

number

8,

Promoting

Investment

in

theSustainableDevelopmentGoals(UNCTAD,

2018).xiiInvestmentAdvisorySeries-

SeriesA,number10IntroductionTheneedforinvestmentintheSDGsThe

2030

Agenda

for

Sustainable

Development

(2030

Agenda),

adopted

byall

United

Nations

Member

States

in

2015,

provides

a

“shared

blueprint

forpeace

and

prosperity

for

people

and

the

planet”.

Its

success

will

be

measuredagainst

the

17

SDGs

and

their

related

targets

and

indicators.

At

the

time

of

theirformulation,

UNCTAD

identi?ed

10

SDG-relevant

sectors

for

which

investmentgapswereestimated,addinguptoatotalof$2.5trillionannuallyfordevelopingcountries

alone

(UNCTAD,

2014).

It

is

estimated

that

the

impact

of

the

COVID-19pandemic

has

increased

this

gap

to

$4.2

trillion

per

year

for

developing

countriesdue

to

COVID-19-related

emergency

and

response

spending

and

a

dropin

FDI,portfolio

investment

and

remittances

(Organisation

for

Economic

Co-operationandDevelopment,2021).The

progress

made

on

the

achievement

of

the

SDGs

has

been

threatened

–and

in

some

areas

reversed

–

by

the

multiple

and

interlinked

crises

that

havemarked

the

beginning

of

the

“decade

of

action”

(2020–2030)

to

implement

the2030

Agenda.

The

pandemic,

the

accelerating

and

ongoing

effects

of

climatechange,

and

the

war

in

Ukraine

have

had

devastating

effects

across

many

SDGs.Countries

around

the

world

are

facing

a

triple

food,

fuel

and

?nance

crisis

and,

asa

consequence,

are

struggling

to

deal

with

short

term

pressures,

let

alone

theirlong-term

SDG

aspirations.

These

factors

contribute

to

a

highly

uncertain

globalinvestment

landscape

and

persistent

SDG

investment

needs,

particularly

in

thepoorestcountries.At

the

same

time,

and

partly

as

a

response

to

the

multiple

global

shocks,sustainability

is

high

on

the

agenda

of

both

governments

and

investors

as

theytry

to

move

on

from

the

pandemic

while

dealing

with

in?ation,

supply

chaindisruptions,

the

impact

of

war

and

the

escalating

impacts

of

climate

change.

Manyof

the

investment

priorities

of

governments

across

the

world

are

aligned

with

SDGinvestment

needs

including

social

and

physical

infrastructure,

food

security,

thedigital

economy

and

the

energy

transition.

Sustainability

is

increasingly

also

a

keystrategyforprivate?rms–includingthelargestmultinationalenterprises(MNEs)–toenhancetheresilienceoftheirglobalsupplychains.Businessopportunitiesin

SDG-related

digital

markets

have

emerged

from

the

pandemic,

including

inFacilitatingInvestmentintheSustainableDevelopmentGoals1health

(telemedicine)

and

in

education

technology

(edtech).

Finally,

sustainable?nance

continues

to

grow

in

importance.

The

main

challenge

lies

in

the

lack

ofinclusiveness

of

these

trends,

which

remain

highly

concentrated

in

certain

SDGsectors,suchasrenewableenergyand,developedmarkets.TheroleofinvestmentfacilitationandinvestmentpromotionagenciesInvestmentfacilitationencompassesallpoliciesandmeasures

aimedatmakingit

easier

for

investors

to

establish

and

expand

their

investments,

as

well

as

toconduct

their

day-to-day

business

in

host

countries.

It

involves

the

provision

ofrelevant

information

and

assistance

to

potential

investors

at

the

decision-makingphase

and

throughout

the

course

of

the

investment

processes,

including

locationbenchmarking,duediligence,navigatinggovernmentregulationsandprocedures,startingupandanticipating,anddealingwithongoingbusinesschallenges.Measures

can

include

improvements

in

the

transparency

and

availability

ofinformation

to

investors;

streamlining

of

administrative

procedures

for

investment;enhancing

the

predictability

of

the

investment

policy

environment

throughconsultation

procedures;

and

increasing

the

accountability

and

effectivenessof

government

authorities

dealing

with

investment.

In

addition,

investmentfacilitation

includes

various

types

of

investor

services,

such

as

assistance

withadministrative

processes

and

rules.

Measures

can

also

include

cross-bordercoordinationandcollaborationinitiativesthatcanfacilitatetheexchangeofbestpractices,capacity-buildinginitiativesandtechnicalassistanceininvestment.Investment

facilitation

is

distinct

from

and

complementary

to

investmentpromotion.

Investment

promotion

involves

marketing

a

location

as

an

investmentdestinationandisinherentlycompetitive.Itincludesthetargetingofprospectiveinvestors,

often

in

speci?c

target

sectors

for

investment.

Different

governmentbodies

may

have

a

mandate

for

investment

promotion,

but

the

IPA

will

usuallyhave

a

predominant

role.

In

contrast,

investment

facilitation

involves

a

“whole-of-government”

approach

and

aims

to

improve

the

investment

climate

for

theeconomy

across

all

sectors

and

for

all

investors,

small

and

big,

local

and

foreign.An

important

role

can

be

played

by

IPAs

in

enhancing

the

impact

of

a

country’sinvestment

facilitation

efforts.

This

role

has

been

highlighted

during

the

COVID-19crisis

and

by

its

consequences.

As

governments

have

enacted

supportmeasures

to

the

investor

community

during

the

crisis,

IPAs

have

provided2InvestmentAdvisorySeries-

SeriesA,number10support

to

existing

companies

to

stay

informed

and

secure

government

support.IPAs

have

also

helped

businesses

navigate

through

government

procedures

totransform

or

extend

their

manufacturing

towards

products

that

could

help

?ghtthe

pandemic,

from

surgical

masks

to

hand

sanitizers

and

ventilators.

IPAshaveacted

as

troubleshooters

for

the

evolving

needs

of

investors

and

channelledfeedbacktogovernmentsaboutthechallengesfacedbytheprivatesector.In

the

same

vein,

IPAs

can

contribute

to

strengthening

the

SDG

impact

ofgovernment-wide

investment

facilitation.

They

can

do

this

by

ensuring

thatinvestmentfacilitationservicesareinclusiveandaddressthespeci?cneedsandopportunities

of

SDG-related

sectors

as

well

as

of

speci?c

investor

groups

thathave

a

high

SDG

impact,

such

as

social

entrepreneurs

and

women,

youth

andruralinvestors.AimofthisguideThis

guide

is

intended

for

investment

promotion

of?cials,

typically

working

withinIPAs.

It

aims

to

provide

practical

recommendations

for

IPAs

to

leverage

a

greaterSDG

impact

from

their

investment

facilitation

activities

and,

in

turn,

strengthentheSDGimpactoftheircountries’widerinvestmentfacilitationecosystems.It

is

a

response

to

the

UNCTAD

2014

SDG

Investment

Action

Plan

that

callsfor

transformative

initiatives

and

priority

actions

to

help

shape

a

“big

push”

forprivate

investment

in

sustainable

development

(UNCTAD,

2014).

This

guidecomplements

issue

number

8

of

the

Investment

Advisory

Series,

PromotingInvestment

in

the

Sustainable

Development

Goals

(UNCTAD,

2018),

whichprovides

guidance

and

tools

to

IPAs

on

the

identi?cation

of

target

sectors;

theselection

of

SDG-related

projects

for

development

and

promotion;

the

marketingof

these

projects

and

the

targeting

of

investors,

including

MNEs,

development?nance

institutions,

impact

investors

and

other

organizations

interested

inSDG?nancing.This

issue

elaborates

on

the

facilitation

of

investment

in

the

SDGs

and

the

roleof

IPAs.

Once

investor

interest

in

a

location

and

a

project

is

triggered,

thereis

a

need

for

facilitation

to

win

the

investor’s

project

and

develop

it

over

time.Facilitation

services

by

IPAs

are

delivered

to

individual

investors

on

a

project-by-projectbasisandhingeonsoundcoordinationandpartnerships,particularlywhenitcomestoinvestmentthatcontributestotheSDGs.FacilitatingInvestmentintheSustainableDevelopmentGoals3StructureofthisguideThe

guide

is

organized

into

three

chapters.

Chapter

1

outlines

the

differentgovernment

actors

and

the

coordination

required

for

a

whole-of-governmentapproach

to

investment

facilitation

in

the

SDGs.

Chapter

2

focuses

on

the

role

ofIPAs

and

provides

guidance

on

how

agencies

can

tailor

their

investment

facilitationoffering

to

leverage

a

greater

sustainable

development

impact

by

applying

an“SDG

lens”.

Given

the

rise

in

importance

of

digitalization

and

the

impact

it

ishaving

in

transforming

the

way

that

IPAs

are

working,

chapter

3

focuses

on

thedigitalization

of

investment

facilitation

and

provides

an

overview

of

digital

toolsthat

can

support

IPAsin

making

their

operations

and

SDG

investment

facilitationservicesmoreef?cient.4InvestmentAdvisorySeries-

SeriesA,number10Chapter1.

Awhole-of-governmentapproachtoSDGinvestmentfacilitationGovernment-wide

efforts

to

facilitate

investment

should

bene?t

all

investorsand

the

economy

as

a

whole

As

governments

recognize

the

importance

ofstrengthening

their

investment

facilitation

efforts,

it

is

essential

that

these

effortsaddress

the

speci?c

needs

and

challenges

related

to

investment

in

SDG-relevantsectorsandinvestmentswithanSDGimpact.1.1.

PuttingSDGinvestmenthighonthepolicyagendaInvestment

facilitation

is

critical

for

economic

growth

and

development,

butgovernment

policies

have

historically

been

more

focused

on

investmentpromotion

In

2016,

UNCTAD

reported

that

investment

facilitation

measureshad

until

then

received

relatively

scant

attention

in

national

investment

laws,

ininternational

investment

agreements

and

in

industrial

policies

(UNCTAD,

2016).In

response

to

this,

a

set

of

10

actions

were

proposed

in

Global

Action

Menufor

Investment

Facilitation

(box

1).

Since

then,

UNCTAD

monitoring

shows

thatprogress

by

countries

has

been

made

on

information

provision,

regulatorytransparency,

and

streamlining

of

administrative

procedures

for

investors

throughdigital

information

portals

and

single

windows.

The

past

few

years

have

s