新標準大學英語(第二版)綜合教程2-Unit-6-B篇練習答案及課文翻譯課件

新標準大學英語(第二版)綜合教程2-Unit-6-B篇練習答案及課文翻譯ppt課件1ContentsActiveReading2ContentsActiveReading22Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions:Howmanybranchesofsciencecanyouthinkof?anatomy:studyingthebodyastronomy:studyingspacebiochemistry:studyingchemicalprocessesbotany:studyingplantschemicalengineering:studyingchemicalsubstancescosmology:studyingtheuniverseWarmingUpWorkingroupsanddiscussthe3ecology:studyingorganismsandtheirenvironmentgenetics:studyinggenesandvariationmeteorology:studyingweathermicrobiology:studyingvirusesetcnutrition:studyingfoodoceanography:

studyingtheseaspharmacology:

studyingmedicaldrugsradiology:

studyingradiantenergysuchasX-raysWarmingUpecology:studyingorganisms4WarmingUp2.Wheredidyoulearnmostaboutscience?3.Howmuchdoyourememberaboutyoursciencelessonsatschool?4.Whowasyourbestscienceteacher?Whydoyourememberhim/her?5.Canyourememberanylessoninparticular?6.Whatwouldyoudotoimprovescienceteachingatschool?WarmingUp2.Wheredidyoulea5TextScience:factorfiction?TextScience:factorfiction?6Science:factorfiction?1

Studentsaren’twhattheyusedtobe.Thesedays,itseems,someofthemneverevenopenabook.SuchisthedepressingpicturepaintedbypopularsciencewriterSteveJonesinhisbookTheSingleHelix,layingthefingerofblameonmoderncommunicationsystems.Themessageisthemedium;onceuponatimetherewerebooks,butnow,Jonessays,“themediumis,orsoitseems,anythingbutlinesofprintonapage.”Manystudentsarejustnotusedtoreadingbooksanymore–they’resuchanoutdatedformofcommunication.TextScience:factorfiction?Text7

2

Sohowdoyougetthemtolearnaboutscience?Well,ifyougointoacampusbookstoreyoucanfindout.Therearesongbooksforbiochemists,withchemicalformulaesettomusictomakethemeasiertoremember.Relativityisexplainedinavideogamewhichisasimulationofarocketjourneythroughspace:Youcanplaytennisonboardastherocketspeedsuporslowsdown.Andtherearecartoonstomakeeventhemostobscurescientificsubjectsaccessible,andfunaswell.Text Text8

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Buteventhesemethodsofgeneratinginteresthavebecomeconventional.Rathermoreradicalistheproposalwhichaphysicsprofessorhascomeupwith–tolearnsciencefromthemistakesinsciencefictionfilms.Someofthefilmsmaybedreadful,buttheyhidealotofhelpfulmessages.Studentsjusthavetositback,relax,enjoythefilm,andsoakupabitofscienceatthesametime.Text Text9

4

Afewexampleswillshowwhattheprofessorhasinmind.InTheDaytheEarthCaughtFire(1961),theearthispushedtowardsthesunasaresultoftwosimultaneousatomic

explosions.ButthiscontravenesNewton’sThirdLawofMotion–

namely,thatactionandreactionareequalandopposite.SincetheEarthweighssixthousandbillionbilliontons,ahugeblastwouldbeneededtopushitintotherightdirection.Supposingithurledahundredmilliontonsofrockanddebrisintospace.Thisexplosionwouldrequireabombfargreater

thananythathaseverexploded.Butafewbasicsumswouldshowthatsuchablast,aswellaskillingeverysingleinhabitantoftheearth,wouldonlyshifttheEarthaboutaquarterofaninchoutofitsorbit.Text Text105

Sothefilmisfictionwithoutthescience.Thesamecouldbesaidofthe1986filmAliens.Inthisfilmthecrewsaunteraroundthespaceshipasiftheywereathomeonearth–whereastheyshouldbefloating,inagravity-freeenvironment.TheproducersofAlienswouldfailafirstyearphysicsexam,butStanleyKubrick

andArthurClarke,thebrainsbehind2001:ASpaceOdyssey,wouldpassthesameexamwithflyingcolours.Onboardthespaceshipagiantwheelrotates,generatingcentripetalforceandgivingtheastronautsonboardasenseof“up”and“down”.Text5Sothefilmisfictionwitho116

Thetreatmentofrelativityinsciencefictionfilmsisevenmoreconfusing.TakeStarTrek:TheVoyageHome(1987).Asthespaceshiprevolvesroundthesun,itgatherssomuchspeedthatitmovesbackwardsintohistory.Butthisisnonsense,notrelativity.AsJonesputsit,“Einsteinsaidthatnothingtravelsatmorethanthespeedoflight,notthattheclockswillruntheotherwayifyougofastenough.”EvenSuperman(1978)isbaffledbytheconcept.IttakeshimasplitsecondtoflyroundtheearthanticlockwisetosaveLoisLane,whohasfallenvictimtoanearthquake.Jones:“Timeisnotlikeacar.Ithasnoreversegear.”Text6 Thetreatmentofrelativity127

Finally,whataboutthosegiantinsectsliketheonesinEmpireoftheAnts,the1977filmbasedonastorybyH.G.Wells?Theproblemistheirlungs,orrather,thelackofthem.Antsdon’thavelungs,sotheygetoxygenbyabsorbingitthroughthetissuesoftheirbodies.Thebiggertheant,thelongeritwouldtaketoabsorbtheoxygen–andtheirbodypartswouldnotbeabletofunctionwell.Soanantthesizeofahumanwouldbemorelikelytobegaspingforbreaththanbitingofftheheadofarecklessteenager.Text■7Finally,whataboutthosegi13Text科學：事實還是虛構(gòu)?

1

學生已今非昔比。如今，似乎有些學生從來就沒有翻開過書本。這是科普作家斯蒂夫·瓊斯在其《單螺旋線》一書中描繪的令人沮喪的情景，他把批評的矛頭指向現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)。信息即媒介；從前有書本，可是現(xiàn)在，瓊斯說：“媒介是，或者說似乎是，一切，但絕不是紙上印的一行行字?！痹S多學生就是不再習慣讀書了——書是老掉牙的溝通方式。Text14Text

2

那么怎樣使他們學習科學呢？好吧，你要是走進校園書店，就會找到辦法。那里有生物化學家的歌本，其中化學分子式被配上樂曲以便記憶。相對論是用電子游戲來解釋的，那是個虛擬乘火箭在空間旅行的游戲：你可以在火箭加速或減速飛行時在上面打網(wǎng)球。還有卡通，它們使哪怕最艱澀的科學話題都變得有趣易懂。

Text 15Text

3

可是就連這些激發(fā)興趣的方法也已變得老套了。更激進的方法是一個物理學教授提出來的：從科幻電影的錯誤中學習科學。有些電影也許糟透了，但其中隱藏有大量有益的信息。學生只需舒舒服服地坐著、放松、欣賞電影，同時吸收一點科學知識。Text 16Text

4

有幾個例子可以說明教授的想法。在《地球著火之日》（1961）中，兩顆同時爆炸的原子彈把地球推向太陽。可是這違反了牛頓的第三運動定律——即，作用力和反作用力相等且方向相反。既然地球重達六千艾噸，那就需要特大的爆炸才能把它推入正確的方向。假設(shè)爆炸將一億噸巖石和碎渣拋入宇宙，那么這個炸彈的威力要比任何以往的炸彈都要大。但是，稍做運算就能說明，這樣一場爆炸除了會把地球上的生物全部殺死之外，充其量也只能讓地球偏離軌道大約四分之一英寸。注：地球的重量應該是6×10的24次方千克（10的18次方叫艾）。Text 17Text5

所以，這部電影是沒有科學含量的虛構(gòu)作品。1986年出品的電影《異形》也是同樣。在這部影片中，宇航員們在宇宙飛船中走來走去，就好像在地球上的家里一樣——而實際上他們應當在無重力環(huán)境中漂浮才對。《異形》的制片人可能會在大學一年級的物理學考試中不及格，但是《2001：太空漫游》背后的智囊斯坦利·庫布里克和亞瑟·克拉克卻會在同樣的考試中以高分通過。宇宙飛船上有一巨大的輪子轉(zhuǎn)動著，產(chǎn)生向心力，并給船上的宇航員一種“起伏”感。Text5 所以，這部電影是沒有科學含量的虛構(gòu)作品。1918Text6

科幻電影中對相對論的處理更是令人摸不著頭腦。以《星艦迷航：回家之旅》（1987）為例：宇宙飛船圍繞太陽飛行，速度越來越快，最后竟然飛回到了歷史之中。但這是瞎編亂造，而不是相對論。正如瓊斯所說：“愛因斯坦說沒有什么比光速更快；但沒有說如果你跑得夠快，鐘表就會倒轉(zhuǎn)?！本瓦B《超人》（1978）也被此概念所困惑。他在瞬間往逆時針方向繞地球一周去救地震受難者洛伊斯·萊恩。瓊斯說：“時間不像汽車，它沒有倒擋?！盩ext19Text7

最后，1977年根據(jù)H.G.威爾斯的小說拍攝的《螞蟻帝國》里的那些巨型昆蟲又如何呢？問題在于它們的肺，或者說，它們根本沒有肺。螞蟻沒有肺，它們是通過身體組織吸收氧氣的。螞蟻越大，吸收氧氣的時間就越長——這樣它們身體的各部件就不能良好地運作。所以像人那么大的螞蟻更可能老是在大口喘氣，而不是把冒失少年的腦袋咬掉。Text20depressinganymoreoutdatedsongbook

biochemist

dreadfulsoakatomicexplosioncontraveneshiftaliensaunterproducergiantformularelativitysimulationgenerateproposalnamely

blasthurldebrisinhabitant

rotate

centripetalforceastronauttrekrevolveWords&Phrasesdepressinganymoreoutdatedsongb21supermanbaffleanticlockwisegearempirerecklessWords&Phrasesonboardspeedupsitbacksoakupbe/feelathomewithflyingcoloursSteveJones

斯蒂夫·瓊斯（人名）StanleyKubrick斯坦利·庫布里克（人名）ArthurClarke阿瑟·克拉克（人名）LoisLane

洛伊絲·萊恩（人名）supermanbaffleanticlockwisegea22depressing

a.sth.thatisdepressingmakesyoufeelveryunhappyanddisappointed令人沮喪的；令人喪氣的

e.g.1.Thewholeexperiencewasverydepressing.整個經(jīng)歷令人非常沮喪。2.Healwayswokewithasenseofdeepsorrowanddepressingloss.他醒來時總是滿懷哀愁，抑郁惆悵。Wordfamily:depress

v.

depression

n.

depressed

a.Words&Phrasesdepressing a.sth.thati23Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordfromthebox:1.It_________methatnobodyseemstocare.

2.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybe_________orhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.(CET4-2010-6)3.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,from_________toheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoff

illness…(CET4-2000-6)4.Thatthoughtistoo__________forwords.Words&Phrasesdepressdepressed depressiondepressingdepressesdepresseddepressiondepressingWords&Phrasesdepressde24anymore

ad.usedwhentalkingoraskingaboutasituationthathasended,oraboutsth.thatsb.hasstoppeddoing（談論或詢問已經(jīng)結(jié)束的情況或某人已經(jīng)停止做的事）再也e.g.1.Shedoesn’tlivehereanymore.她不再住在這兒了。2.Peoplearenotinterestedinmoviesanymore.人們不再對電影感興趣了。Words&Phrasesanymore ad.usedw25Words&Phrasesoutdated

a.

oldandnolongersuitableformodernpurposes,methods,orsituations

過時的；陳舊的e.g.1.Manyofusconformtotheoutdatedcustomslaiddownbyourforebears.我們許多人都遵循祖先立下的過時習俗。2.Thatlistofaddressesisoutdated,manyhavechanged.那個通訊錄已經(jīng)沒用了，許多地址已經(jīng)變了。

Words&Phrasesoutdated a26songbook

n.[C]abookthatcontainsthewordsandmusicofalotofsongs

歌本；歌曲集e.g.

1.WhilerummagingaroundmybookcaseIcameacrossmyoldcopyofthesongbook.

在一次偶然的情況下我亂翻我的書柜，竟然翻到了當年我的那本音樂集。2.InitiallyIthoughtIcouldsimplycopymyoldsongbookandsenditback.

起初我以為我只要把我的舊歌集復印一下就可以把它送回去了。

Words&Phrasessongbook n.[C]abook27biochemist

n.[C]apersonwhostudieschemicalprocessesthatoccurinlivingthings生物化學家e.g.

1.Sheisabiochemistwhoworksonthefrontiersofbiology.

她是從事生物學前沿研究的生化學家。2.SirChainwasaGerman-bornBritishbiochemist.

錢恩先生是一位出生在德國的英國生物化學家。Wordfamily:biochemistry

n.Words&Phrasesbiochemist n.[C]apersonw28formula

n.[C](plformulasorformulae)1.agroupoflettersornumbersthatrepresentsaruleinscienceormathematics（科學或數(shù)學中的）方程式，公式e.g.

Usetheformulatocalculatethevolumeofthecontainer.用公式計算容器的容積。2.

aplanormethodfordealingwithaproblemorachievingaresult方案

；方法

e.g.

Theforeignministershavethrashedoutasuitablecompromiseformula.外交部長們經(jīng)過反復討論，已經(jīng)制訂出合適的折中方案。Words&Phrasesformula n.[29relativity

n.[U](science)therelationshipbetweentime,space,andmovementasdescribedinEinstein’sTheoryofRelativity（愛因斯坦的）相對論e.g.1.EinsteinformulatedtheTheoryofRelativityin1905.愛因斯坦于1905年創(chuàng)立了相對論。2.Einstein’sTheoryofRelativitywonforhimuniversalesteem.愛因斯坦的相對論贏得了全世界對他的崇敬。Wordfamily:relative

a.Words&Phrasesrelativity n.[U](scienc30simulation

n.[C,U](~of)sth.thatproducesthefeaturesofasituationinawaythatseemsrealbutisnot模擬物e.g.1.Thesimulationallowshimtotestvariousfeaturesofasystem.這種模擬使他能夠試驗一個系統(tǒng)的各種特征。2.Thepilot’sskillsaretestedthroughsimulation.飛行員的技術(shù)是通過模擬飛行來檢測的。Wordfamily:simulatev.Words&Phrasessimulation n.[C,U]31generate

vt.tomakealotofpeopleexpressfeelingsoropinionsaboutsth.引起；引發(fā)e.g.1.Theadvertisingcampaigngeneratedalotofinterestinourwork.廣告活動使很多人對我們的工作產(chǎn)生了興趣。2.Thisbookwillcontinuetogenerateexcitementforalongtime.這本書將在很長一段時間里繼續(xù)使人們?yōu)橹?。Wordfamily:generation

n.

Words&Phrasesgenerate vt.t32Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingsentence:Extensivereportingontelevisionhashelpedto______interestinawidevarietyofsportsandactivities.(CET4-2001-06-53)A.gatherB.generateC.assembleD.yieldWords&PhrasesChoosethebestanswerforthe33proposal

n.[C]1.

aplanorsuggestion,esp.aformalonethatagrouphastoconsider（尤指某團體必須考慮的正式）計劃，建議，議案e.g.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,aswastobeexpected.

(CET4-2003-12)

正如預計的，代表們提出了很多建議。2.arequesttosb.togetmarriedtoyou

求婚e.g.Shehadhadmanyproposalsbutpreferredtoremainsingle.許多人向她求過婚，但她愿過獨身生活。

Words&Phrasesproposal 34Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingsentence:Manyadelegatewasinfavourofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee______toinvestigatetheincident.(CET4-2002-1)weresetup wassetupC.besetup D.setupNotethatsubjunctivemoodisusedhere.Words&PhrasesChoosethebestanswerforthe35Words&PhrasesWordfamily:propose1.

vt.

(fml)

tosuggeststh.asaplanorcourseofaction(正式)提議，建議e.g.1.Iproposethatheshouldleavenow.我建議他現(xiàn)在就離開。

2.Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.(CET4-2002-1)對這個問題的一個提議是建設(shè)自動高速公路體系。2.vi.toasksb.tomarryyou,esp.inaformalway(尤指正式地向某人)求婚e.g.Heproposedtoheronbendedknee.

他單膝跪下向她求婚。

Words&PhrasesWordfamily:pr36dreadful

a.

veryunpleasant糟透了的；非常討厭的e.g.1.Theresultshouldbedreadfulforyou.結(jié)果對你將是極不愉快的。2.Thevictimsufferedadreadfulinjuryandlostalotofblood.受害者受了重傷，大量失血。Wordfamily:dreadn.&v.Words&Phrasesdreadful a.veryu37soak

v.toputsth.intoaliquidandleaveitthereforaperiodoftime浸；泡

e.g.1.Shesoakedtheshirtinsoapywater.她把襯衫泡在肥皂水里。2.Beforecookingthemyoushouldsoakthebeansovernightinwater.煮之前，你得把豆子浸泡在水里一整夜。Seealso:soakup

Words&Phrasessoak v.toput38atomic

a.

1.relatingtoorusingtheenergythatisproducedbysplittingatoms原子能的；利用原子能的e.g.Theyweremonitoringtheupperairtocollectevidenceofatomicexplosions.他們正在檢測高空空氣以收集原子爆炸的證據(jù)。2.relatingtotheatomsinasubstance原子的e.g.Atomicfissionfurnishesenormousenergy.原子分裂可提供大量的能量。Wordfamily:atom

n.Words&Phrasesatomic a.Words&Phrase39explosion

n.[C]anoccasionwhensth.burstswithalotofforceandaloudnoise,oftencausingdamage

爆炸

e.g.1.Themissilewarheadhitthetarget,effectinganuclearexplosion.導彈頭擊中目標，完成了一次核爆炸。

2.Therewasamuffledexplosionsomewhereontheirright.在他們右邊什么地方有一聲沉悶的爆炸聲。Wordfamily:explode

v.

explosive

a.&n.Words&Phrasesexplosion 40contravene

vt.(fml)

todosth.thatisnotallowedbyarule,law,oragreement與…相抵觸；違反（規(guī)章、法律或協(xié)議）e.g.1.

Youarecontraveningthecurrencyregulations.

你這是在違反貨幣制度的規(guī)定2.

Heintentionallycontravenedtheruleofgolf.

他在高爾夫球賽中有意犯規(guī)。3.HecontravenedtheOfficialSecretsAct.他違反了官員保密法。Words&Phrasescontravene vt.(fm41namely

ad.usedforintroducingmoredetailedinformationaboutasubjectthatyouarediscussing

即；那就是

e.g.1.Weneedtoconcentrateonourtargetaudience,namelywomenagedbetween20and30.我們須針對我們的聽眾對象，即年齡在20到30歲之間的婦女。2.Therailroadconnectstwocities,namely,NewYorkandChicago.這條鐵路連接兩個城市,即紐約和芝加哥。Words&Phrasesnamelyad.42blast

n.[C]anexplosion,esp.onecausedbyabomb（尤指炸彈引起的）爆炸e.g.1.Policesaidthattheblastoccurredat9a.m.警方說這次爆炸發(fā)生在上午九點。2.AhugebombblastrockedcentralLondonlastnight.昨晚一次劇烈的炸彈爆炸震動了倫敦市中心。3.Inasudden______ofanger,themantoreupeverythingwithinreach.

(CET4-2000-01-60)A.attack B.burst C.split D.blastWords&PhrasesBblast n.[C]43hurl

vt.tothrowsth.usingalotofforce猛投；用力擲e.g.1.Childrenwerehurlingsnowballsatoneanother.孩子們在互擲雪球。2.Riotershurledchairsthroughthewindows.暴亂者向窗里擲椅子。3.Theyoungtrackandfieldathletecouldalreadyhurlthediscus60yards.這個年輕的田徑運動員已能把鐵餅擲60碼遠。Words&Phraseshurl vt.tothrowsth.using44debris

n.[U]thebrokenpiecesthatareleftwhensth.largehasbeendestroyed,esp.byanexplosion,fire,oraccident（尤指爆炸、火災或事故后留下的）廢墟，瓦礫堆，殘骸e.g.1.Shewashitbyflyingdebrisfromtheblast.她被爆炸飛散的碎片擊中。

2.Afterthebombingtherewasalotofdebriseverywhere.轟炸過后到處是一片殘骸。3.Policehavespentthedaysiftingthroughthedebrisforclues.警方花了一整天在廢墟中查找線索。Words&Phrasesdebris n.[U]thebroken45inhabitant

n.[C]apersonoranimalthatlivesinaparticularplace居民；棲息的動物e.g.1.Theisland’searliestinhabitantscamefromIndia.

島上最早的居民來自印度。2.Thetapewormisaninhabitantoftheintestine.絳蟲是棲居腸內(nèi)的寄生蟲。Wordfamily:inhabit

v.

Words&Phrasesinhabitant n.[C]ap46shift

vt.tomoveanobjectfromoneplacetoanother移動；搬動e.g.Helpmeshiftthedesktothewindowplease.

請幫我把桌子搬到窗戶那兒。Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingsentence:Massadvertisinghelpedto______theemphasisfromtheproductionofgoodstotheirconsumption.(CET4-2005-6)A.varyB.shiftC.layD.moderateWords&PhrasesBshift vt.tomoveanobjectf47alien

n.[C]

1.

apersonorcreaturefromaplanetotherthanEarth外星人；外星生物e.g.Jimisanalieninthisfilm.

吉姆在這部電影里是個外星人。

2.(AmE)sb.whoisnotacitizenofthecountrytheyarelivingin外國人；僑民e.g.1.

AnEnglishmanisanalieninAmerica.英國人在美國便是外國僑民。2.Illegalaliensareusuallydeportedtotheircountryoforigin.非法外僑通常被逐回原籍國。Words&Phrasesalien n.[C]48saunter

vi.towalkinaslowandrelaxedway漫步；閑步e.g.1.Hesaunteredby,lookingverypleasedwithhimself.他漫步閑逛,看起來非常悠然自得。2.Apolicemansaunteredoverfromacrosstheroadtofindoutwhatthecrowdwasdoing.一個警察從馬路對面踱步過來看看那群人在干什么。Words&Phrasessaunter vi.towalkinaslow49producer

n.[C]1.sb.whosejobistoorganizetheworkandmoneyinvolvedinmakingafilm,play,televisionprogrametc.(電影、戲劇、電視節(jié)目等的)制作人，制片人e.g.Astheproducer,hebelievesthefilmwillbeasuccess.

作為制片人，他相信這部影片將會很成功。

2.apersonorcompanythatgrowsfoodormakesgoodstobesold（食品或商品的）生產(chǎn)商，生產(chǎn)者e.g.Thatcompanyisaproduceroftelevisionsets.

那家公司生產(chǎn)電視機。Words&Phrasesproducer n.[C]Words&Phr50giant

a.(onlybeforenoun)extremelylarge巨型的e.g.1.

Theteam’smascotisagiantswan.

這個隊的吉祥物是只大天鵝。2.

Thegiantpacketgivesyoumoreforlessmoney!

特大的包裝讓你用便宜的價錢買到超值的分量!Words&Phrasesgiant a.(only51rotate

v.tomoveinacirclearoundafixedcentralpoint,ormovesth.inthisway（使）旋轉(zhuǎn)；（使）轉(zhuǎn)動e.g.1.

TheEarthrotatesonitsaxisonceevery24hours.

地球每24小時繞地軸自轉(zhuǎn)一周。2.Thedoctoraskedthepatienttorotatehiseyes.

醫(yī)生叫病人轉(zhuǎn)動一下眼球。Words&Phrasesrotate v.tomoveinacircle52centripetalforcen.[U](science)aforcethatmakesthingsmovetowardsthecentreofsth.whentheyaremovingaroundthatcentre向心力

e.g.1.Aftersometreatmentofcentripetalforce,hededucesKepler’sthirdlaw.在向心力的一些論述之后，他推出了開普勒的第三定律。2.GravityisthecentripetalforcethatkeepstheplanetsorbitingaroundtheSun.

重力是一種向心力，能使行星環(huán)繞太陽運行。Words&Phrasescentripetalforce53astronaut

n.[C]sb.whotravelsandworksinspace宇航員e.g.1.Therocketbooststheastronautintospace.

這火箭能把宇航員送入太空。2.There’rethreeastronautsinthespacecraft.在這艘宇宙飛船里有三名宇航員。Words&Phrasesastronaut n.[C]sb54trek

n.[C]awalkthatseemslonganddifficult漫長艱苦的徒步旅程e.g.1.Therefugeesmadethetrekacrosstheborder.

難民們艱苦跋涉越過邊境。

2.Thefamilymadethelongtrekwestin1890.1890年他們?nèi)议L途跋涉前往西部。Words&Phrasestrek n.[C]awalkthatsee55revolve

vi.(~around/on)toturnorspinaroundacentralpoint轉(zhuǎn)動；旋轉(zhuǎn)e.g.1.TheEarthrevolvesonitsaxis.地球繞地軸自轉(zhuǎn)。2.TheplanetsrevolvearoundtheSun.行星繞太陽運轉(zhuǎn)。Words&Phrasesrevolve vi.(~around/56superman

n.[C](plsupermen)amanwhohasextremelygreatabilities,skills,orstrength超人e.g.1.ThefilmportraysGandhiasakindofsuperman.這部電影把甘地描繪成一個超人。2.Heisasupermaninmentalandphysicalstrength.他在智力體力上是個超人。Words&PhrasesSuperman(1978)superman n.[C](plsupe57bafflevt.ifaproblem,sb.’sbehaviouretc.bafflesyou,youcannotunderstanditorsolveit（問題或行為等）使困惑，難倒e.g.1.Thescenebaffledalldescription.那情景難以形容。2.Thepolicewerebaffledbythetotallackofcluestothemurder.那件謀殺案由于沒有一點線索把警方難住了。

Words&Phrasesbafflevt.ifaprobl58anticlockwise

a.&ad.

(BrE)

movinginthedirectionoppositetothedirectionofthehandsofaclock逆時針（的）；沿逆時針方向（的） =(AmE)counterclockwise

[美]Antonym:clockwisee.g.

1.Turnthelidanticlockwise.逆時針方向轉(zhuǎn)動蓋子。2.Pleaseturnthekeyinaclockwisedirection.請順時針轉(zhuǎn)動鑰匙。Words&Phrasesanticlockwise a.&ad.59gear

n.[C,U]thepartofanenginethatchangesenginepowerintomovement（排）擋e.g.1.Alwaysusealowgearwhendrivingdownasteephill.你駕車駛下很陡的山路時，一定要用低速檔。2.Sheselectedalowgearandstarteddownthetrackcarefully.她選了低速擋小心翼翼地沿小徑下行。

Words&Phrasesgear n.[C,U]th60empire

n.[C]anumberofcountriesruledbyonepersonorgovernment帝國e.g.1.TheRomanEmpirewasdividedinthe4thcenturyAD.羅馬帝國于公元4世紀分裂。2.Hisbusinessempirecollapsedunderamassiveburdenofdebt.他的商業(yè)帝國無力承擔沉重的債務負擔垮掉了。

Words&Phrasesempire n.[C]anumberof61reckless

a.notthinkingaboutthepossiblebadeffectsofyouractions輕率的；魯莽的e.g.1.Sheshowedarecklessdisregardforherownsafety.

她對自己的安全完全不在意。2.Hewasaccusedofcausingdeathbyrecklessdriving.

他被控魯莽駕駛而致人死亡。3.Youwererecklessoftheconsequencesbysayingthat.

你那么說就是根本不顧及后果。Words&Phrasesreckless a.notthinking62onboard:onashiporplane在輪船上；在飛機上e.g.1.Theplanehad125passengersandcrewonboard.飛機上有125名乘客和機組人員。2.Havethepassengersgoneonboardyet?乘客們登機了嗎？Cf:ontheboards

做演員e.g.

Shewentontheboardswhenshewasonly3.

她3歲時就登臺表演了。Words&Phrasesonboard:onashiporplane在63speedup:tomoveorhappenfaster加速e.g.1.Tospeedupthedeliveryofletters,thePostOfficeintroducedautomaticsorting.

(CET4-2005-12)為了加快信件遞送，郵局引進了自動分揀。2.You’llhavetospeedupyourrateofworkifyouwanttofinishbytheagreeddate.如果你要在約定日期前完成工作，你得加快速度。Words&Phrasesspeedup:tomoveorhappenfa64sitback:torelaxandstopmakingtheefforttodosth.閑坐著；不作努力e.g.1.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?

(CET4-2008-12)在她的小孩肆意行事，傷害其他孩子的過程中，我是不是得聽之任之？2.Don’tjustsitbackandwaitfornewbusinesstocometoyou.你可不能閑坐著等待新業(yè)務來找你呀。

Words&Phrasessitback:torelaxandstopma65soakup:(infml)tospendtimeexperiencing,listeningto,orfeelingsth.enjoyable

體驗；聽取；感受e.g.1.We’rehavingagreattime,soakingupthesun.我們正在曬日光浴，非常開心。2.Gotoasidewalkcafe,ordercoffee,andsoakuptheatmosphere.找一家街頭咖啡館，點一杯咖啡，讓自己融入周圍的環(huán)境。Seealso:soakWords&Phrasessoakup:(infml)tospendtime66be/feelathome:1.tobe/feel/lookrelaxedandcomfortableinaparticularplaceorsituation舒適自在；無拘束e.g.

Afterawhilewebegantofeelathomewitheachother.

過了一會兒我們就無拘無束起來。2.tofeelhappyorconfidentaboutdoingorusingsth.駕輕就熟，運用自如e.g.

HehasnodifficultywithSpanish.He’squiteathomewiththelanguage.

他使用西班牙語沒有困難，他精通這門語言。

Words&Phrasesbe/feelathome:Words&Phra67withflyingcolours:verysuccessfully大獲全勝地；很成功地e.g.1.Sylviahadpassedherexamswithflyingcolours.西爾維亞以優(yōu)異的成績通過考試。2.WemusthavethisworkfinishedwithflyingcoloursbyMonday.我們一定要在星期一以前出色地完成這項工作。Words&Phraseswithflyingcolours:verysucc68StanleyKubrick

斯坦利·庫布里克（人名）Words&PhrasesStanleyKubrick(July26,1928

–March7,1999)wasanAmericanfilmdirector,writer,producer,andphotographerwholivedinEnglandduringmostofthelastfourdecadesofhiscareer.SeeExtensionActivitiesaboutmoreinformationofStanleyKubrick.StanleyKubrick69ArthurClarke

阿瑟·克拉克（人名）SirArthurCharlesClarke(16December1917–19March2008)wasaBritishsciencefictionauthor,inventor,andfuturist.Hewasfamousforthenovel2001:ASpaceOdyssey,writteninparallelwiththescriptfortheeponymous(同名的)film,co-writtenwithfilm-directorStanleyKubrick,andasahostandcommentatorintheBritishtelevisionseries

MysteriousWorld.Words&PhrasesSeeExtensionActivitiesaboutmoreinformationofArthurClarke.ArthurClarke70…layingthefingerofblameonmoderncommunicationsystems.laythefingerofblameonsth.:anidiomaticwayofsayingthatsomethingistoblame.The?ngerisassociatedwithblame,bypointingatsomeonewhohasdonesomethingwrong.

LanguagePoints翻譯：……把批評的矛頭指向現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)?！璴ayingthefingerofbl71Themessageisthemedium…

Theessayisaboutthechangefromthemediumoftheprintedbooktothatofinformationtechnology.Thewriterisplayingonwordshere,inparticularonMarshallMcLuhan’sfamoussaying“Themediumisthemessage”,whichmeansachangeinmediumhasabigimpact:Thetelevisiongenerationisnotthesameasthebookgenerationorthecomputergeneration.Thewaywethinkalterswiththeprevalentmedium.LanguagePoints翻譯：信息即媒介

……Themessageisthemedium…L72Rathermoreradicalistheproposalwhichaphysicsprofessorhascomeupwith…Notetheinversionstructureinthesentence,whichisforthesakeofemphasis.comeupwith:tothinkofsth.suchasanideaoraplan想出，提出（想法或計劃）e.g.Afteraheateddiscussiontheycameupwithasolution.

經(jīng)過激烈討論他們拿出了解決方案。Langu