2022-2023學(xué)年七年級英語下學(xué)期期末考點(diǎn)（牛津深圳版）：閱讀理解說明文（原卷版）

專題05閱讀理解說明文（題型解讀+期末專題過關(guān)）2022-2023學(xué)年七年級英語下學(xué)期期末考點(diǎn)大串講（牛津深圳版）（原卷版）【題型解讀】一．說明文文體特征：說明文是以說明為主要表達(dá)方式用來說明事物，闡明事理的一種文體。它通過揭示概念來說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)及其規(guī)律性，給人準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)知識或正確思想。一般可分為實(shí)體事物說明和抽象事物說明兩大類，詞典、教材、論文、實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、產(chǎn)品說明書、廣告、解說詞及科學(xué)小品等都屬于說明文。二．閱讀說明文體裁的文章時應(yīng)首先抓住下面的重要信息：A.說明的對象B.說明對象的特征C.說明的方法（例證法；定義法；分類法；因果關(guān)系法；比較對照法；過程分析法）三．解題技巧：首先，通過觀察首、尾段，抓關(guān)鍵句及歸納總結(jié)段落大意來確定文章說明對象、其次，通過篇章、段落之間和句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因以及針對問題提出的建議。最后，通過作者的觀點(diǎn)、建議、目的或者解決方案作為結(jié)論總結(jié)全文?！緦ｎ}過關(guān)】1.（2022春·廣東廣州·天河區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）It’snaturalforpeopletotalkwitheachotherinwords.Canotherlivingthingstoo?Whataboutanimals?Theanswerissurprisingly“Yes”.Someanimalscanusesoundsandbodymovementstotalk,andsomeanimalscanevenspeakwords!AccordingtothenewsontheNewYorkTimes,a22-year-oldelephantinSouthKoreacould“talk”,thatis,hepickedupsomewordsfromhishumancaretakers.Andpetdogsorcatscan,too.AquicksearchontheInternetwillgiveyoualotofshortvideosofdogssaying“hello”,“Iloveyou”,andeven“Iwantmymommy.”Cantreestalktoo?Yes—butnotinwords.Itmaysoundstrange,butsometreesreallytrytotalkwitheachotherinotherways.Willows（柳樹）arethebest-knownofthesetrees.Wheninsectsbeginbitingawillow,thetreesendsoutaspecialsmellaonce.Thissmelltellstheotherwillowsthatdangerousinsectsarecomingnear.Allofthemquicklymakeachemicalintheirleaves.Thischemicalisbadfortheinsects.Theinsectsdonotlikeitandwillflyawaysoon.Inthisway,thewillowsprotectthemselvesfromtheinsects.Nexttimewhenyoutakeawalkintheforest,listenorwatchcarefully.Maybetheanimalsortreesaretalkingtoeachotherintheirownways.Isn’tnatureamazing?1．HowdoesthewritershowtheanimalscantalkinParagraph1?A．Byshowingnumbers. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bytellingstories. D．Bygivingreasons.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto?A．Thesmell. B．Theleaf. C．Thechemical. D．Theinsect.3．Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?A．Animalsandtreesareveryamazing.B．Howanimalslearnwordsfrompeople.C．Howtreesprotectthemselvesfrominsects.D．Animalsandtreescantalkintheirownways.4．Inwhichpartofasciencebookcanwefindthisarticle?A．Naturalworld B．Geography C．Earthhistory D．Plants2.（2022春·廣東廣州·海珠區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）Ifyouthinkthatlifeisverybadforyou,youcanthinkinapositiveway,thatis,tothinkaboutwhatisgood.Wesometimesfeelsadorworriedbecausewethinkinanegativeway,whichmeansalwaysthinkingaboutbadthings.Itisimportanttoshiftthosenegativeideasintosomethingpositive.Ifwedon’t,more“badthings”willkeephappeningtous.Itisoftenveryhardtothinkpositivelywhensomanybadthingsareallaroundyou,butIcantellyouthatsomeoneisworsethanyousomewhere.Wecanchoosetothinkdifferentlybybeginningwiththesmalleststeps.Ifyoukeepdoingpositivethingsduringthewholeday,youwillstayawayfrombadfeelings.Withpractice,youwillchangeyourideasandchoosetobehappy.Herearesomeexamplesforyoutopractice.※

Beginandendeachdaywithasentence“Thankyouforthiswonderfulday.”※

Whenitrainsheavily,say“IamsogladthatIhavemyumbrellawithme.”※

Whenyoucan’tgotoschoolbecauseofCOVID-19,say“Iamsohappywecanstillhavetheonlinelessons.※

Ifyouarehavingdifferentideaswithyourparents,say“Ihavefriendstotalkaboutmyproblems.”※

Writedownwhatyou’rethankfulforeachday.Whenyouarefeelingreallysad,readwhatyouwrotebefore.Thiswillhelpyoufeelbetter.Ifyoupracticethiseveryday,youwillfindthatyourlistwillgetlongerandlonger.“Lifeiswhatyoumakeit,sotrytomakeitbeautiful.”5．Theunderlinedword“shift”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans_________.A．think B．move C．turn D．throw6．Yourmothersays,“Yoursisterplaysthepianobetterthanyouandyouhavetopracticemorelikeher.”Ifyoufeelunhappy,whichcanbethebestwaytohelpyouaccordingtothepassage?A．Bysaying“Whatafrighteningdayitis!”toyourself.B．Bywritingdown“Iwanttogiveupplayingthepiano.”C．Bytellingyourmotherthatyoudon’twanttotalktoher.D．Bytalkingwithyourfriendsaboutittogetsomeadvice.7．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．MakeYourselfHappier B．LifeCanBeDreamsC．PracticeMakesPerfect D．EnjoyYourSchoolLife3.（2022春·廣東廣州·增城區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）Rightnow,youprobablyspendmostofyourtimeinschool.Doyouwonderwhatyouaregoingtodoafterhighschool?Willyoucontinueschooling?Willyoulearnatrade?Maybeitistimetothinkaboutyourchoicesandtoprepareforthem.Somedayworkwillbeabigpartofyourlife.Whatkindofjobwouldberightforyou?Thinkaboutyourinterestsandyourskills.Youmayliketolistentomusic,dance,orworkwithcomputers.Youmayknowhowtodriveacar.Knowingbothyourinterestsandskillswillhelpmakeabetterplanforyourcareer.Togettoknowwhatworkyouwouldliketodo,makealist(清單)ofyourinterestsandalistofyourskills.Thinkaboutwhatyouhavedonetobesuccessfulinyourinterests.Afterthat,brainstormalistofcareerchoicesthatmightmatchyourinterestsandskills.RobertaZhan,anartdesigner,likesherjobbecauseitallowshertouseherinterestsandskills.Shetookart,design,andcomputerlessons,andalsolearnedabouttakingphotosonherown.Hereiswhatshesaysaboutthemeaningofwork,“Ifyouhaveajobyoulike,worksmeanmuchmorethanjustmakingmoney.Itmeansusingyourtalents,makingacontribution(貢獻(xiàn)),andgettingarealsenseofsatisfactionfromdoingajob.”8．Thepassageismostprobablywrittento__________.A．parents B．designers C．teachers D．students9．Atthebeginning,thewriterintroducesthetopicofthepassageby__________.A．listingfacts B．givingexamplesC．explainingdifferences D．a(chǎn)skingquestions10．RobertaZhanmightbemostinterestedin__________whenshewasatschool.A．singingsongs B．creatingpicturesC．playingbasketball D．playingcomputergames11．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Therealmeaningofskills.B．ThejourneyofRoberta’slife.C．Theimportanceofinterestsandskills.D．Thewayofpreparingforthefuturecareer.4.（2022春·廣東廣州·荔灣區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）Doyoufindthatyourkidsreadthesamewordmanytimesinabookandtryhardtosounditoutthenexttimetheyseeit?Willyougetangrywhenlisteningtoyourkidslearntoread?Itturnsoutyouarenotalone.Scientistshavefoundthatitishardforparentstopatientlysitbyandlistentotheirkidstrytoread.That’swhyyouneedareaderdog.Listeningisanimportantskillforareaderdog.Areaderdogisadogthatlistensandhelpskidswiththeirreadingatschoolsandlibraries.Scientistshavelearnedthatdogscanhelpkidswhohavetroublereadingtocooldown.Whencoolingdown,kidscanreadwordscorrectly.Thatmakesiteasierforthemtolearnfromwhattheyarereading.Kidsalsoknowthatdogswon’ttalkabouttheirreading.So,kidsfeelbetterabouttheirreadingwhentheyreadtoadog.Tobecomeareaderdog,adoghastogothroughmanystepswithitsowner.Thedoghastolearntofolloworders.Forexample,thedogneedstosit,stay,andliedownwhenthey’retold.Also,thedog’sownerhastopasssometests.Theowneranddogneedtoworktogetherasateam.Wanttoreadtoadogbutdon’thaveoneofyourown?Bookareaderdogforyourkidsonlinerightnow!Thenmorekidsthanevercanmaketheirreadingbetter—andhavefun—byreadingtoadog.12．Whenlisteningtokidslearntoread,parentsaremorelikelytobe________.A．happy B．impatient C．a(chǎn)fraid D．careful13．WhatcanwelearnaboutreaderdogsfromParagraph3?A．Theyhelpkidssoundoutwordstheydon’tknow. B．Theymakekidsfeelbetterabouttheirreading.C．Theybarkwheneverkidssayawordwrong. D．Theycancorrectthemistakesmadebykids.14．Whatdoyouneedtodoifyouwanttoownareaderdog?①helptrainthedogtofolloworders

②passsometests③learntokeepthedogcooldown

④workwiththedogA．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④15．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Readerdogsaretrainedtohelpwithkids’reading.B．Parentsshouldbuyreaderdogsfortheirkidsasgifts.C．Parents’readingskillshouldbeasgoodasreaderdogs’.D．Adogmustpasssometestsiftheywanttobecomeareaderdog.16．Whoisthepassagemainlywrittenfor?A．Scientists. B．Parents. C．Kids. D．Teachers.5.（2022春·廣東廣州·花都區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）PoyangLakeisChina’slargestfresh-waterlake.AccordingtothenewsonChinaYouthNetworkonOctober9,2019,therewasalargelandinsteadofabiglake.Thelakecametoitsdryseason,muchearlierthanbefore.Whenthelandcameout,itdrewmanywalkerstothearea.Butfishermencouldnolongermakealiving,andpeoplelivingnearbyfacedwatershortages.Youarewrongifyouthinkthiswillnothappenagain.Two-thirdsofChina’scitiesnowfacewatershortages.Andabout300millionpeoplelivinginthecountrysidedrinkunhealthywater.Thewatershortageintheworldlooksevensadder.By2030,abouthalfoftheworldpopulationcouldbefacingwatershortages,saidBanKi-moonattheBudapestWaterSummitinHungary.Thinkaboutourchildrenandourchildren’schildren.Weshouldtrytomaketheworldabetterplace.Todealwiththeproblem,Bancallsonpeopletousewaterinasustainableway.“Farmersshouldlearntoget‘morecropperdrop’byusinggoodirrigationtechnologies（灌溉技術(shù)）.Andalso,governmentsshoulddealwiththeproblemwithallotherplayers,includingeveryone,“Bansaid.Howcanwehelp?It’ssimple:donotwasteevenadropofwater!Forexample,turnoffthetapwhileyouarebrushingyourteeth,drinkupbottledwaterbeforeyouthrowthebottleaway,anddon’tpouroutwaterthatcanbereused.Ifwecanrememberandfollowthis,wewillmakeadifference.17．Whichofthefollowingcanshowthestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）ofthepassage?A． B． C． D．18．Theunderlinedword“sustainable”inParagraph4means________.A．environment-friendly B．convenient C．well-known D．different19．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Don’tpouroutwaterthatcanbereused. B．Makegooduseofeverydropofwater.C．Donotwasteanywaterinthebottles. D．Turnoffthetapwhilebrushingteeth.20．Thewriterwritesthispassageto________.A．callonpeopletosavewater B．talkaboutsomewaterproblemsC．telluswhywatershortageshappen D．showtheimportanceofPoyangLake6.（2022春·廣東廣州·七年級廣東番禺中學(xué)統(tǒng)考期末）Weoftenhavepracticeforafireatschool,andweallknowthedangersoffires.Butit’sgoodandnecessaryforafamilytolearnhowtoprepareforafire.Herearesuggestions.Putasmokealarminthehouse.Smokefromafirecausesthealarmtogooff.Thealarmmakesaloudsound.Thesoundtellseveryonetoleavethehouseatonce.Makeescape（逃脫）plans.Weshouldknowallthewaysoutofthehouse.Ifthereisafire,everyonefollowstheplantogetout.Partoftheplanistocheckallthewindowstomakesuretheycanbeopenedeasily.Buyfireextinguishers（滅火器）.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowhowtousethem.Practiceforafire.Wedofirepracticebecauseweteachchildrenaboutfiresafety.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowthefollowingfirerules:Don’topenahotdoor!Thefirecangrowmorequicklyifyouopenthedoor.Stayclosetothefloor!Smokecanbemoredangerousthanfire.Thebestisnearthefloorbecausesmokerises.Whatwillyoudoifyourhairorclothesstarttoburn?First,stop!Don’trun!Thefireburnsfasterbecauseofmoreair.Drop!Falltothefloor.Thenroll!Turningoverandoverwillmakethefiregoout.Therearemanypossiblecauses（起因）offires.Awisefamilyisreadyforafireallthetime.21．Ifthesmokealarminthehousegoesoff,weshould________.A．stayathome B．leavethehouseC．openthewindows D．breakthewindows22．Ifyourhairorclothescatchfire,therightstepsshouldbe________.A．stop,run,roll B．stop,drop,roll C．run,drop,roll D．roll,drop,stop23．Thereare________suggestionsgiveninthepassage.A．two B．three C．four D．five24．Thebesttitleforthepassageshouldbe________.A．BeReadyforaFire B．TheCausesofaFireC．LearntoUseaFireExtinguisher D．TheDangersofaFire7.（2022春·廣東廣州·白云區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）Treesproduceoxygenforalllivingthings.Treeshelptocleantheair,soilandwater,makingtheEarthabeautifullivableplace.It’stimetosavetreesandprotectforests.SavingtreesaroundyouEverytownandcityhaslawsaboutprotectingtrees,andtellpeoplewhichtreespeciesneedprotectingandwhenandhowit’sOKtocutdowntrees.Insomeareas,rareorverybeneficialtreesareprotectedbylaw.Knowingthelawsinyourareawillhelpyoubetterprotectthetreesthere.TakepartintreeplantationAsimportantasitistoprotectgrown-uptrees,it’salsonecessarytothinkaheadandplantnewtrees.Theywillfinallygettallenoughtocleantheairandhelpkeeptemperaturescool.Manytownsandcitieshaveorganizationsworkingtoplanttrees.Ifyourtownorcitydoesn’thaveanorganizationlikethat,whynotstartoneyourself?Treebytree,youcanmakeadifference.ReducepaperuseIt’simportanttostartseeingtheconnectionbetweenthetreesyouloveandtheproductsyouuse.Ifyou’recrazyaboutsavingtrees,lookforwaystousefewerpaperproductsinyourdailylife:●Useclothtowelsinsteadofpapertowels.It’sasimplechangethatcanreducealotofunnecessarywaste.●Usereusablecontainersinsteadofpaperlunchbags.●Ifyoumustuseapaperproduct,alwaysbuytherecycledone.Choosethepaperlesswaysforbills.Thissimplechangewillmakeyourlifebetterandreducethenumberofdeadtrees.25．Whatdoestheunderlineword“They”inparagraph3refertointhepassage?A．Grown-uptrees. B．Raretrees. C．Verybeneficialtrees. D．Newtrees.26．Whatisthecorrectwaytosavetrees?A．Choosingpaperbills. B．Usingrecycledpaperproducts.C．Nevercuttingdowntrees. D．Usingpaperlunchbags.27．Inwhichsectionofnewspaperwillyouprobablyreadthisarticle?A．Environment B．Education C．Fashion D．Travel28．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toaskpeopletosavetrees. B．Toaskpeopletoplantmoretrees.C．Toaskpeoplenottocutdowntrees. D．Toaskpeopletousefewerpaperproducts.8.（2022春·廣東廣州·黃埔區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）Manypeopledreamofgoingonachallenging（有挑戰(zhàn)性的）travel.Mostofthemkeepdreaming;othersmakeithappen.GreggBleakneydreamedofbikeridingfromNorthAmericatoSouthAmericaafterfinishingapleasantbikeride.SodidGregg’sfriend,BrooksAllen.Topayforthetrip,thetwofriendsworkedforyears.Whentheywereontheroad,theyoftencampedoutdoorsorstayedincheaphotels.Inmanyplaces,localpeopleopenedtheirhomestothetwofriendsandgavethemfood.Duringtheirtrip,GreggandBrooksrodethroughdeserts,rainforests,andmountains.Theyvisitedmoderncitiesandancientbuildings.Onthewaytheymetotherbicyclistsfromallovertheworld.AftersometimeBrookshadtoreturntotheUSAnearthebottomofSouthAmericaandGreggcontinuedwithouthim.InMay2007,Greggreachedhisgoal.Hetraveledtwelvecountriesandfinishedthe30,500-kilometertrip.GreggandBrookskeptarecordoftheirtripsinablog.Thetripstaughtbothmenalotabouttraveling.________:Travellight.Thelessluggages（行李）youhave,thelessyou’llworryaboutthem.Getready.Don’tplaneverything.Alwaysbereadyforsomethingoutofplan.Thenyou’llbemorerelaxedandhappier,evenwhenyoumeetsomechallengesalongtheway.Bepolite.AsonetravelertoldGregg,“Alwaysrememberthatnobodywantstofightorcheataniceperson.”Anythingworthdoingneedstime,energyandaction.Ifyouholdontoyourdream,youcanmakeitlikethatofGreggandBrooksandhavefunwhileyou’reatit.29．HowdidGreggandBrookstravelfromNorthAmericatoSouthAmerica?A．Bybike. B．Onfoot. C．Bybus. D．Bycar.30．Whydidthetwofriendsworkforyearsbeforetheirtrip?A．Becausetheywantedtobuynewcars. B．Becausetheywantedtoknowaboutthetrips.C．Becausetheywantedtomakemoneyforthetrip. D．Becausetheywantedtomakemorefriends.31．WhathappenedduringthetriptoSouthAmerica?A．GreggandBrooksoftenstayedinexpensivehotels.B．BrookshadtoreturntotheUSAwheninthemiddleofNorthAmerica.C．BrooksandGreggfinishedthe30,500-kilometertrip.D．GreggandBrooksmetotherbicyclistsfromallovertheworld.32．Whichofthefollowingmayweputintheblank“________”inParagraph4?A．HereisareportofGreggandBrooks.B．HereissomeofGreggandBrooks’advice.C．HerearesomeofGreggandBrooks’diaries.D．Herearesomeofthecitiesandbuildingsontheirtrips.33．WhichisNotmentionedaboutthetripinthetwomen’sblog?A．Beaniceperson. B．Travelwithlessluggage.C．Havedreaminyourtrip. D．Bereadyforsomedifficulties.9.（2022春·廣東廣州·南沙區(qū)七年級統(tǒng)考期末）TheAmazonistheworld’sbiggestrainforest.ItisinSouthAmerica.ItissowidethatitcoversalittlemorethanthehalfsizeofChina!TheAmazonRiverrunsthroughtherainforest.It’stheworld’ssecondlongestriver.TheAmazoncoversmuchofBrazil.ThegreencoloronthenationalflagofBrazilstandsfortherainforest.However,climatechange（氣候變化）andhumanactivitiesmakeit“sick”.Usually,therainforestcanfixitself.Butnow,itfeelstoo“tired”togetbetter.Accordingtoanewstudy,manytreestheremaydie,andtheAmazonrainforestmayturnintohot,drygrasslandinafewyears.WhyistheAmazon“sick”?TheAmazonisoneoftheworld’swettestplaces.Butsince2005,threedroughtshavehittherainforest.Theywerecausedbyclimatechange.Thetreesdon’thaveenoughwatertogrow.What’sworse,astheybecomedry,theycaneasilycatchfire.Besides,peoplecutdownrainforesttreesforwood.Theyburntheforesttomakefarmland.Allthesekindofactivitiesmadeabout17%oftherainforestdisappear.___△___TheAmazonislikethelungs（肺）ofourplanet.Therichplantstheretakecarbondioxide(CO2)outoftheairandmakeoxygen.Theymakemorethan20%oftheplanet’soxygen.IftheAmazon“dies”,therewillbemoreCO2andourEarthwillbecomeevenhotter.TheAmazonisalsohometoover3millionanimalsandplants.Manyofthemcan’tliveanywhereelse.Theywouldverylikelyjustdisappear.34. Accordingtothepassage,whatisNOTthereasonthatmakestheAmazonrainforest“sick”?A.Therearemanyforestfires. B.Climatechanges.C.Peoplecutdowntrees. D.Toomanyanimalsandplantslivethere.35. WhatwillhappeniftheAmazonrainforestdies?A.Peoplewilllosetheirlungs. B.Manyanimalsandplantswilldie.C.Wewillfeelcolder. D.Therewillbemoreoxygen.36. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“droughts”meaninparagraph4?A.toolittlerain B.toolittlesnow C.toomuchrain D.toomuchfire37. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TheAmazonrainforestisinSouthAmerica.B.TheAmazonistheworld’sbiggestrainforest.C.TheAmazonRiveristheworld’slongestriver.D.Morethan1000kindsofbirdsliveintheAmazon.38. Choosethebestsentencetofillintheblank(___△___)inthepassage.A.WhereistheAmazon?B.WholivesintheAmazon?C.HowcanweprotecttheAmazon?D.WhatwillhappenifwelosetheAmazon?10.（2022春·廣州中學(xué)小創(chuàng)班七年級下期末）Bigdata(數(shù)據(jù))isalotofsetsofinformationthatareputtogethersotheycanbeusedbyacomputerprogram.Thecomputerprogramlooksfordifferentkindsofanswersorpatternsinthedata.Bigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinformationfrommanysources,suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites,companiesandgovernments.Onesetofdatacanhavepeople’snamesandaddresses.Anothersetcanhavewhattheylike,wheretheygotoschool,andhowmuchtimetheyspendonthecomputer.Bigdatacanbeusedinmanyways.Thegovernmentusesittounderstandhowmanypeopletravelonbusesortrains.Thisinformationisthenusedtomakebusortrainsyste