高考英語專題復習《閱讀理解專題-猜測詞義》課件

高三復習之閱讀理解專項

Class5Senior3高三復習之閱讀理解專項

Class5Senior31Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,Whatwillyoudo?Ifyoucomeacrossnewwords2IgnorethemandcontinuereadingLookthemupinthedictionaryGuessthemeaningIgnorethemandcontinuereadi3猜測詞義讀懂文章---------高三英語閱讀指導猜測詞義讀懂文章---------高三英語閱讀指導4猜測詞義：

單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，歷年高考都把這一項作為考生應該掌握的一項閱讀技能列入試題，考查對文中關鍵詞語（實詞、短語、指代關系等）的理解。而且，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上。但事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落有著互相制約的關系。我們可以利用語境（各種已知信息）推測、判斷某些生詞的詞義。

猜測詞義：單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，歷5猜測詞義題目類型對考綱外生詞的猜測ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”對考綱內(nèi)熟詞新義的猜測Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全國卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”通曉數(shù)種語言的人使模糊，混淆，攪渾猜測詞義題目類型對考綱外生詞的猜測ManyUnitedN6

詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…”

refersto/probably

means/couldbestbereplacedby___.2.Theword“…”

ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”

standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means__.5.Theword“…”isclosestinmeaning

to…詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：7語境法Contextclues構(gòu)詞法Wordformation猜測詞意語境法構(gòu)詞法猜測詞意8中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-()mini-()micro-（）re-（）mis-（）im-（）un-（）in-（）non-（）-able（）-less（）-wards()超極微小的誤，惡不，非不，非不，無極小的,微小的再，反復不不，非能…的向WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：

中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：超極微小的誤，惡不，非不，非不9supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯音)(向東)supermanmicrowa101.定義描述3.因果關系2.同義反義4.舉例歸納5.生活常識6.上下文推測語境猜測詞義1.定義描述3.因果關系2.同義反義4.舉例歸納5.11

◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

動物學家

牧羊人1、定義描述小結(jié)：通常由定語從句或同位語引出詞的具體含義動物學家牧羊人1、定義描述小結(jié)：通常由定語從句或同位122.同義詞

◎

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plumpasmother,andmuchshorter.◎Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.◎Alltheothermembersareofthesameopinion.Theyareunanimous.

圓胖的灌溉一致同意的2.同義詞圓胖的灌溉一致同意的13反義詞

◎ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.

◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.

◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.污穢的天生的混亂反義詞污穢的天生的混亂14

由and或or，like,as…as,thesameas等連接的兩個詞構(gòu)成同義關系；表轉(zhuǎn)折關系的詞常有如but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though

，incontrast,onthecontrary等。小結(jié)由and或or，like,as…as,the153、因果關系◎

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.◎

Theriverisso

turbid

thatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.◎Tomisconsideredanautocratic

administratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.貧窮的混濁的獨斷專行的3、因果關系貧窮的混濁的獨斷專行的16

常用關聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小結(jié)常用關聯(lián)詞(如because，as，174、舉例歸納法◎

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevices

suchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.◎

Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置4、舉例歸納法家禽裝置18

常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義。小結(jié)常用suchas,like，forexam19◎Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.

波紋,漣漪顫抖癥狀

5、生活經(jīng)驗,生活常識,邏輯推理

波紋,漣漪顫抖癥狀5、生活經(jīng)驗,生活常識,邏輯推20

小結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。因此平時多了解英美國家的風俗習慣，宗教信仰，社會生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。小結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗，或運216.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義例題：Tomcan’tfindhissneakers.C.shoesTomcan’tfindhiswhitesneakers．Tomcan’tplaytennisnowbecausehecan’tfindhiswhitesneakers.A.moneyB.bowls6.根據(jù)生詞所在的上下文猜測詞義例題：Tomcan’t22解析高考真題Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.

…Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunist”intheparagraph,theauthormeanstosaythatlions____.

A.arecruelanimals

B.arecleveranimals

C.liketotakeadvantageofotheranimals

D.liketotakeeverychancetoeatC解析高考真題C23

小結(jié)所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。所以在猜測生詞詞義或句意時，一定要認真讀懂與生詞密切相關的前后句子，對詞或句子進行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊含在其中的深意。小結(jié)所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是24Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(1)Inquiry-basedActivities(I)25

1.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever2.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.好動的C.多嘴多舌的D.可愛的3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱小試身手小試身手264.Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany--forexample,theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes----Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.

A)pleasures

B)conveniences

C)dangers

D)equipment

4.Althoughthehazardsofthe275.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“