厄舍古屋的倒塌課件

“TheFallofthe HouseofUsher”EdgarAllanPoe1839 “TheFallofthe House“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”ThegothiccontextofthetaleThedoublingmotifofthetaleThefunctionofsettinginthetaleThestructuralunityofthetale“TheFalloftheHouseofUsheTheGothicliterarytraditionBegunineighteenthcenturyEnglandNovelistsHoraceWalpoleAnnRadcliffeMatthew“Monk”LewisPopularforminBritishliteraryjournalsImportedintoAmericanshortstory-19thcenturyKeyingredientwassensationalismTheGothicliterarytraditionBGothicArchitectureinAmericaStartedinUSabout1840SteeplypitchedroofsPointedarchwindowsElaboratetrimaroundroofedgesHighdormersLancetwindowsGothicArchitectureinAmericPoe’s“houseofUsher”looksmorelikeamedievalcastleorEnglishcathedralinGothicstylePoe’s“houseofUsher”looksmThehousemightlooksomethinglikethis(fromaphotographbySimonMarsdeninhisVisionsofPoe)ThehousemightlooksomethingElementsofGothicWritingEmphasisonsettingExterior:landscapeInterior:housesCastle-likearchitectureCharactersarebrooding,secretiveBuriedfamilysecretsLonghistoryoffamilytiedtoplaceElementsofGothicWritingEmphTheDoublingMotifInliterarycriticism,thisiscalleda“doppelganger,”fromtheGermanfor“double-goer”Examplesare:Dr.JekyllandMr.Hyde(RobertLouisStevenson)TheSecretSharer(JosephConrad)TheDoublingMotifInliteraryWhatfunctiondoesthedoppelgangermotifserve?RepresentsthedualnatureofmanInPoe,onesideofmanisreason,orthemindTheotherisemotion,orthebodyRoderickandMadeleinearegeneticallytwins,butpsychologicallytheyarealsodoubles.WhatfunctiondoesthedoppelgWhoRepresentsWhat?RoderickAnartistfigure(509)Nervousagitation(509)Livesindarkupstairsapartment(511)Cadaverouscomplexion(511)“wantofmoralenergy”(511)“excessivenervousagitation”(511-12)WhoRepresentsWhat?RoderickRoderick’smentalconditionisaffectedbyhisenvironment“Hewasenchantedbycertainsuperstitiousimpressionsinregardtothedwellingwhichhetenanted...Aneffectwhichthephysiqueofthegraywallsandturrets,andofthedimtarnintowhichtheyalllookeddown,had,atlength,broughtaboutuponthemoraleofhisexistence.”(512)Roderick’smentalconditionisHere,“physique”referstosomethingphysicalAnd“morale”referstosomethingmentalRoderickisallmindinaweakbodyHerepresentsinonewaythelifeoftheisolatedartistPaintingsReadingGuitarplayingHere,“physique”referstosomMadeleineIllnesshasdebilitatedherAlldescriptionsfocusonthebody“gradualwastingawayoftheperson”(513)Roderickandthenarratorscrewdownthelidofhercoffin(518)Shereturnsfromthetombtoreclaimhertwinbrother,her“double”“thehugeantiquepanels…threwback”(521)She“fellheavilyinwardupon…h(huán)erbrotherand…borehimtotheflooracorpse”MadeleineWhatisPoe’spoint?PoeaddressesthedualandconflictednatureoftheSelfMindandbodyareatwarwitheachotherineachofusWetrytorepressonesideandlivewithoutitButwecannotachieveaharmoniousexistenceinthiswayWhatisPoe’spoint?PoeaddresTheFunctionofSetting-ExteriorThe“houseofUsher”hastwomeaningsThephysicaldwellingThefamilyline,orlineage“theentirefamilylayinthedirectlineofdescent”TheFunctionofSetting-ExteThehouseisalsoatypeofcharacterinthestoryLikethefamily,itisof“anexcessiveantiquity”(510)ThelandscapeisovergrownandraggedOnthefrontdownthemiddleis“abarelyperceptiblefissure”goingin“azigzagdirection”(510)ThehouseisalsoatypeofchInteriorSettingGothicarchitecture(511)“windowswerelong,narrowandpointed”“feeblegleamsofencrimsonedlight”“darkdraperies”“atmosphereofsorrow”Rodericklivesupstairs(mind)Madeleineisentombedbelowground(body)InteriorSettingGothicarchiteStructureandUnityPoecreatestextswithintexts“TheHauntedPalace”(poem)reflectstheUsherfamilylifeinthehouse(515)“TheMadTrist”(story)parallelsMadeleine’sreturnfromthegraveThestormoutsideisanalogoustotheturmoilinsidethecharactersinthehouseThebooktitlesinRoderick’slibraryaresymbolicofthethemesofthestoryStructureandUnityPoecreatesRoderick’sLibrary“theChiromancyofRobertFlud,ofJeanD’Indagine”“theDirectoriumInquisitorum”“oldAfricanSatyrs,overwhichUsherwouldsitdreamingforhours”(516-17)Roderick’sLibrary“theChiromaPoe’sTheoryofLiteraryUnityPoeearnedhislivingasa“magazinist,”notafictionwriter.Hewasaneditorandreviewerformanymajormagazines.Poewroteagreatdealofliterarycriticism,literarytheory,andbookreviews.HistheoryofliteraryunitywasarticulatedinareviewofHawthorne’scollectionofstories,Twice-ToldTalesin1842Poe’sTheoryofLiteraryUnityAnauthorshould“conceive,withdeliberatecare,acertainuniqueorsingleeffecttobewroughtout,[and]theninventsuch…eventsasmaybestaidhiminestablishingthispreconceivedeffect.Inthewholecompositionthereshouldbenowordwritten,ofwhichthetendency,directorindirect,isnottotheonepre-establisheddesign.Anauthorshould“conceive,wiUnityin“FalloftheHouseofUsher”F