非謂語動詞語法講解-課件

非謂語動詞語法講解1ppt課件非謂語動詞語法講解1ppt課件I.非謂語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式對照表：2ppt課件I.非謂語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)形式對照表：2ppt課件2.非謂語動詞在句中可作的語法成份3ppt課件2.非謂語動詞在句中可作的語法成份3ppt課件1.非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等.1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.5.Heisthemantoseeyou.6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）（作定語）（作原因狀語）（作目的狀語）（作結(jié)果狀語）4ppt課件1.非謂語動詞大都可在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定1.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Ifoundhim

swimmingintheriver.4.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.5.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.6.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作主語）(作賓語）(作賓補(bǔ)）(作表語）(作定語）(作狀語）5ppt課件1.Swimmingishisfavouritesp1.Thiscupisbroken.2.Thisisabrokencup.3.Ifoundthecupbroken.4.BrokenbyTom,thecupcan’tbeused.★過去分詞一般不作主語、賓語.(作表語(作表語）(作賓語補(bǔ)足語）(作狀語）6ppt課件(作表語(作表語）(作賓語補(bǔ)足語）(作狀語）6ppt課件3.分詞的用法比較A.在時態(tài)上1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping.2.Japanisadevelopedcountry=acountrywhichhasdeveloped.3.Ifoundhimgone.=thathehadgone.(表完成）ing分詞表“進(jìn)行”ed分詞表“完成”7ppt課件3.分詞的用法比較ing分詞表“進(jìn)行”7ppt課件▲B.在語態(tài)上，ing分詞表“主動”，ed分詞表“被動”（多為及物動詞）1.Isawhimwritingashortnovel.=thathewaswritingashortnovel.2.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.=whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDichens.▲在概念上，ing.表“抽象、習(xí)慣”,不定式表“具體、偶然、將來”.*Swimming(抽象）ismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimming(習(xí)慣）everyday,butIdon’tliketoswim(具體）today,Iwouldliketoswim(將來）tomorrow.8ppt課件▲B.在語態(tài)上，ing分詞表“主動”，ed分詞表“被動”（多▲C.分詞的完成式一般不用來作定語，只能用作狀語.Theplatformhavingbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.×1.Theplatform

built

willbeusedtoperformon.√Theplatformwhichhasbeenbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.√2.Havinggivenheropinionaboutthebuilding,sheleftthemeeting.

Havingbeenusedforalongtime,thecomputerneedsrepairing.

作定語作狀語9ppt課件▲C.分詞的完成式一般不用來作定語，只能用作狀語.ThepD.▲ed+主句（不強(qiáng)調(diào)時間先后）;Beinged+主句（強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生）;Havingbeened+主句（強(qiáng)調(diào)時間先后）如不強(qiáng)調(diào)時間先后可用ed,一般式來代替.

1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.

WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecan’tbelenttoyou.3.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.Havingbeentoldseveraltimes,

可以寫成=Toldseveraltimes,hecouldn’tunderstandwhatImeant.10ppt課件D.▲ed+主句（不強(qiáng)調(diào)時間先后）;Beinged+主句（

4.非謂語動詞的用法區(qū)別

不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別：

⑴.下列動詞常用不定式作賓語：

aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。如：Heofferedtohelpus.Ididn'texpecttofindyouhere．

Theyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitation．

Thelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein．11ppt課件

4.非謂語動詞的用法區(qū)別

不定式和動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別：

⑴(2)下列動詞通常用~ing形式作賓語：admit,report,appreciate,deny,

explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。如：1）Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?2）Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday．

3）Goodnewskeepscoming.Tinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarm．

12ppt課件(2)下列動詞通常用~ing形式作賓語：admit,rep(3)下列動詞接不定式與接~ing形式意義相近：like，love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer，continue,intend，attempt等.e.g：Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcomposition．

Wealllikeplaying(toplay)tabletennis．但也有細(xì)微區(qū)別：*指具體某次的行為常用不定式，指慣常的行為常用~ing形式.如：Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind．(慣常行為)Ihatetosayso，butreallyIcan'tgowithyou．(具體某次行為)13ppt課件(3)下列動詞接不定式與接~ing形式意義相近：like，lIprefertostayathometoday．(具體某次行為)Hepreferswalkingtocycling．(慣常行為)*一般說來不能用于進(jìn)行時的動詞如：realize，know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式如：IbegantorealizeIhadbeenwrong.Wehatetolosethechance.Nowwearebeginningtoseeitmoreclearly.

14ppt課件Iprefertostayathometoday(4)下列動詞接不定式與接~ing形式意義不同：①stoptodo停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事/stopdoing停下正在做的事e.g.：Seeinganoldmancarryingabigbag,Istoppedtohelphim．

Hearingthebell,thestudentsstoppedplayingandranintotheclassroom．②forgettodo忘記做某事(此事未做)/forgetdoing忘記曾做過某事(此事已做)Heforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpastthepostoffice．

I'llneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime．15ppt課件(4)下列動詞接不定式與接~ing形式意義不同：①stop③remembertodo記得要做某事(此事未做)/rememberdoing記得某事已做過(此事已做)e.g.：Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere．

Youmustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehome．④goontodo繼續(xù)做另一件事goondoing接著做同一件事e.g.：Shestoodupandshookhandswithme,andthenshewentonwritingsomething．

AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel．⑤trytodo企圖／想做某事trydoing試著做某事(看看有什么后果發(fā)生)e.g.：Wetriedtopersuadehimtogowithus,buthewouldn’tlisten．

Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.16ppt課件③remembertodo記得要做某事(此事未做)/r⑥meantodo(意思是)打算做某事meandoing意味著做某事

e.g.：Revolutionmeanslibratingtheproductiveforce．Sorry,Ididn'tmeantohurtyou．⑦regrettodo遺憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等動詞)/regretdoing后悔做了某事e.g.：Iregrettotellthatyoudidn’tpasstheexamagain．Heregrettedhavingtoldherthebadnews．17ppt課件⑥meantodo(意思是)打算做某事me(5)動詞如：(permit,allow，admit，forbid，imagine，consider)advisesbtodosth\advisedoingsth①advisesbtodosthe.g.：Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst．

Yousurelycan'tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman．

Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night．

Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.18ppt課件(5)動詞如：(permit,allow，admit，f*注意：*在imagine／consider后通常用“tobe…”作賓語補(bǔ)足語。tobe有時可省略。e.g.：You'dbetterimagineyourself(tobe)inhisplace．Thesituationwasconsidered(tobe)prettygood．*在consider后，作賓補(bǔ)不定式主要是tobe，行為動詞todo則多用tohavedone形式。如:Weallconsideredhimtohavetoldalie.19ppt課件*注意：19ppt課件advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／imagine／considerdoingsth.e.g.：Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass．Theyshouldn'tallowparkinginthestreet;it'stoonarrow.Canyouimaginemybeingsostupid?Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse．Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice．20ppt課件advise／permit／allow／admit／forb即時鞏固練習(xí)⑴

用所給動詞的todo或~doing形式填空：1)LittleTomregretted____(waste)somuchtimeplayingcomputergames.2)Theywereexpecting____(get)theresultsoftheexamination.3)Willyouadvisemewhichofthem____(buy)?4)Onthebustheyoungmanpretended____(notsee)theoldwomanstandingbesidehim.havingwasted

toget

tobuy

nottosee

21ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑴

用所給動詞的todo或~doing形式5)WeallconsiderJohn_____(be)anhonestboy.6)Ourbossforbids_____(chat)duringofficehours.7)Therulesdonotpermitplayers____(step)outofbounds.8)Theboybeggedtopermithim____(explain).9)Theyoungmanimagined_____(live)onalonelyisland.10)Itwasuselesstoforbidchildren____(play)here.toplay

livingtoexplain

tostep

chatting

tobe

22ppt課件5)WeallconsiderJohn_____(b11)Whyhavetheydelayed_____(open)thenewschool?12)Sheenjoys______(practise)_______(dance)beforethelargemirror.13)Bytakingthebackway,heescaped______(see).14)I’dprefer______(stay)herewaitingforhisarrival.15)Asthemeetingwasbeginning,weallstopped____(talk).opening

practicing

beingseen

tostay

talking

dancing

23ppt課件11)Whyhavetheydelayed____16)ThiskindofcarisnicebutIcan’tafford____(buy)one.17)I’msorryIforgot____(tell)youaboutthemeeting.18)Shetried____(comfort)mebysayingsomefunnythings19)Goingonwaitingheremeans____(waste)ourtime.20)Theywenton____(work)inthefieldsinspiteoftheheavyrain.working

wasting

comforting

totell

tobuy

24ppt課件16)Thiskindofcarisniceb2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞用來說明主語的性質(zhì)，可用very來修飾。如：Thenewsissurprising.(surprising用來說明Thenews的性質(zhì).可以說verysurprising.)Hiswordswereencouraging.(encouraging用來說明Hiswords的性質(zhì).可以說veryencouraging.)*動名詞和主語說的是同一件事，不可用very來修飾。如：MyjobisteachingEnglish.(Myjob=teachingEnglish,不可說veryteachingEnglish.)Teachingisalsolearning.(Teaching=learning,不可說verylearning.)25ppt課件2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作表語的區(qū)別：（1）現(xiàn)在分詞用來說明主語(2)注意現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作表語與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別。如：Hisviewisveryalarming(現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì))Whathelikestodoisstayingathomealoneandreading.(動名詞作表語表示的是某一件事情)HeiswatchingthefootballgameonTV.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示某動作在進(jìn)行)*過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別。如：Mybikeisbroken.(broken形容詞作表語，表示“狀態(tài)”)。

MybikewasbrokenbyJim．(動詞過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)，表示“動作”)26ppt課件(2)注意現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作表語與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別。26pp(3)還要注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語在意義上的區(qū)別。*過去分詞作表語表示人的感覺，主語通常是人?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示事物本身的特點，主語通常是事物。如：I'minterestedinEnglish．(我的感覺，覺得有趣.Thefilmisinteresting．(電影本身的特點是使人有趣.)類似情況還有：surprising~surprised,exciting~excited,tiring~tired,disappointing~disappointed,encouraging~encouraged，

interesting~interested，amazed~amazing,bored~boring,pleasing~pleased,astonishing~astonished.27ppt課件(3)還要注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語在意義上的區(qū)別。*過即時鞏固練習(xí)⑵用所給動詞的todo或~doing形式填空：1)Thejourneywasquite______．(tire)2)Thestoryisvery________．Weare_______init．(interest)3、Theresultoftheexammademe_________．(disappoint)4)Thiswasreallyan_______moment．(excite)5)The___________boycouldn'tbelievehisears．(astonish)tiringinteresteddisappointedexcitingastonishedinteresting28ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑵用所給動詞的todo或~doing形式填空：即時鞏固練習(xí)⑵6)Itwasa______story．Wedidn'twanttolistenagain．(bore)7)Heseemedquite_______attheidea．(delight)8)Theproblemwasquite________．(press)9)Thepresentsituationis_________．(encourage)10)Iwas_______atwhatshesaid．(puzzle)boringdelightedpressingencouragingpuzzled29ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑵6)Itwasa______story4)不定式、分詞和動名詞作定語的區(qū)別：(1)動詞不定式作定語通常放在被修飾的名詞后面。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou．

Thepoorchildrenhadlittletoeat．它和被修飾的名詞有時有動賓關(guān)系。如：Thereissomebooksforyoutoread．(可看成：toreadsomebooks)I'dliketogetsomethingtodrink．(可看成：todrinksomething)30ppt課件4)不定式、分詞和動名詞作定語的區(qū)別：(1)動詞不定式作定語如果這這個作定語的不定式是一個不及物動詞，注意不可忽略不定式短語中的副詞或介詞。如：Ineedapentowritewith．(可看成：towritewiththepen)Shenowhasnothingtoworryabout．(可看成：toworryaboutnothing)31ppt課件如果這這個作定語的不定式是一個不及物動詞，注意不可忽略不定式(2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作定語的區(qū)別*現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。單個分詞作定語放在被修飾的名詞的前面，分詞短語放在被修飾的名詞的后面。如：Afishingboywasseensittingattheendoftheboat.(afishingboy=aboywhowasfishing)Thesoldierridingahorsewasmybrother．(thesoldierridingahorse=thesoldierwhowasridingahorse)*動名詞用來說明用途，和被修飾的名詞在邏輯上無主謂關(guān)系。動名詞作定語只能放在被修飾的名詞的前面。如：Therewasonlyonefishingboatontheriver．

(afishingboat=aboatusedforfishing)Theoldmanneedsawalkingstickwhenhegoesout．

(awalkingstick=astickusedforwalking)32ppt課件(2)現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞作定語的區(qū)別*現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾的名詞有(3)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語有時在時態(tài)上有區(qū)別：*不定式作定語表示將來的動作。如：Thebridgetobebuiltnextmonthisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．*現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。如：Thebridgebeingbuiltnowisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．*過去分詞作定語表示已完成的動作。如：Thebridgebuiltlastyearisthethirdbridgeacrosstheriver．33ppt課件(3)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語有時在時態(tài)上有區(qū)別：*即時鞏固練習(xí)⑶用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1)Theman__________(question)inthepolicestationnowisaspy．2)Aman_______(respect)otherswillberespected．3)shecanfindnoone_______(make)friendswith．4)Isthereanybody_______(answer)thequestion?5)Halfoftheguests_______(invite)totheconferencewereforeigners.beingquestionedrespectingtomaketoanswerinvited34ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑶用所給動詞的正確形式填空：beingques6)Shewouldbethebest_______(agree)theopinion．7)Thematter_________(discuss)isveryimportant．8)Thatistheway_________(operate)themachine．9)Shewasthenaprofessor_______(love)byallherstudents．10)Withmuchmoney________(spend)，theboyformedabadhabit．toagreebeingdiscussedtooperatelovedtospend35ppt課件6)Shewouldbethebest______5)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)和賓語在邏輯上有主動關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作在進(jìn)行。如：Isawhimfallingoffhisbikejustatthatmoment．

(看到他時他正從自行車上掉下來。)Hefoundhimselflyingonthegroundwhenhecametohimself．

(他蘇醒過來時正躺在地上。)*不定式作賓補(bǔ)和賓語在邏輯上有主動關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的過程。如：Isawhimfalloffhisbikeandhurthisleftleg．36ppt課件5)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(看到他從自行車上掉下來，并且摔傷了腿。動作有先后，是全過程。)Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight．

(他們被迫日夜干活，天天如此，不是某個時刻正在干活。)*過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)和賓語在邏輯上有被動關(guān)系。如：Iheardmynamecalledbysomeone．

(我的名字被叫，myname和called是被動關(guān)系。)Ifeltagreatweighttakenoffmymind.(重?fù)?dān)被卸下來了，agreatweight和takenoff是被動關(guān)系。)37ppt課件(看到他從自行車上掉下來，并且摔傷了腿。動作有先后，是全過程即時鞏固練習(xí)⑷用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1)Imeanttobuyaneveningpaper,butIdidn'tseeanyone______(sell)them.2)Iknowthat____(be)afact.3)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade______(learn).Healwaysworkhard.4)Thepatientwaswarned_______(noteat)aftertheexamine.5)JustnowIsawaman______(walk)inthestreet,withalittlegirl_______(seat)onhisshoulder．sellingtobetolearnnottoeatwalkingseated38ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑷用所給動詞的正確形式填空：sellingto6)Theladylovedtohaveherluggage_______(weigh).7)Whodidtheteacherhave_______(clean)theblackboardjustnow?8)Businessesarebeginning______(develop)newmethodsofreachingcustomers.9)Thethiefwascaught______(steal)goodsinthesupermarketagain．10)---WhathappenedtoMr.Whiteearlythismorning?---Oh，hewasseen______(knock)downandthedriver_______(drive)away．weighedcleantodevelopstealingknockeddrove39ppt課件6)Theladylovedtohaveherl6)不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：

不定式作狀語表示：原因，結(jié)果，目的；

分詞作狀語表示：原因，結(jié)果，時間，伴隨情況(1)不定式和分詞表示原因時的區(qū)別：

*不定式表示原因通常跟在某些表示感情的形容詞后，用來說明產(chǎn)生這種感情的原因。如：Iwassoexcitedtohearthenews．(不定式tohearthenews表示激動的原因。)．Weweresurprisedtoseesuchgreatchangesinthatvillage．(不定式toseesuchgreatchangesinthatvillage表示驚訝的原因。)*分詞表示原因時，它相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。如：Beingamonitor,shetakesleadineverything．

(Beingamonitor=Asshewasamonitor)KnowingsomeEnglish,heofferedtobeaninterviewerforus.(KnowingsomeEnglish=AsheknewsomeEnglish)40ppt課件6)不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別：

不定式作狀語表示：(2)不定式和分詞表示結(jié)果時的區(qū)別：

*不定式表示結(jié)果，含有沒有預(yù)料到的情況的意味。如：Igotuponlytofinditwasrainingoutside．(起來時沒有料到在下雨。)Hewastooexcitedtosayaword．(太激動了說不出話，是沒有預(yù)料到的情況。)*分詞表示結(jié)果包含著一種必然發(fā)生的情況。如：Hisparentsdied，leavinghimalotofmoney．(父母去世，錢留給兒子。這是自然的事。)Theoutputofirondecreasedby23％lastyear,reaching80，000tons．

(產(chǎn)量下降，到了80，000噸，這是必然結(jié)果。)41ppt課件(2)不定式和分詞表示結(jié)果時的區(qū)別：41ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑸用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1)--Whywastheofficialmeetingcalled?--_______(select)newofficers．2)_______(get)backmystory,herefusedtheinvitation．3)Thebeautifulgirltriedtokillherselfonly_________(save)．4)When________(face)withastrongenemy,theyhadalwaysretreated．5)______(wear)outafteralongwalk,Henrycalledandsaidhecouldn'tcome．ToselectTogettobesavedfacedWorn42ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑸用所給動詞的正確形式填空：ToselectT6)Hewassaidtohaverefusedagiftfromher,________(know)thatitmeantabribe.7)Thepresidentexpressedhissatisfactionwiththeco-operation,______(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere．8)Thepresidentpromisedtokeepalltheboardmembers_______(inform)ofhowthenegotiationsweregoingon．9)_________________(allow)todevelophistalent,hecouldbecomeanexcellentartist．10)_______________(invite)togotocamping,Paulorderedanewsleepingbag．knowingaddinginformedHavingbeenallowedHavingbeeninvited43ppt課件6)Hewassaidtohaverefused4．使用非謂語動詞的注意事項：1)動詞不定式可以和疑問代詞或副詞when，what,where,why,who,whom,which,how一起構(gòu)成不定式短語，但不說whytodo(~Whynotdo…?，它表達(dá)一種建議，和此部分所說的todo無關(guān)。)“疑問代詞或副詞+todo”的作用相當(dāng)于一個名詞性從句。如：Myteacherdidn'ttellmewhattodonext．(=whatIshoulddonext)Hesaidheknewhowtodoit．(=howheshoulddoit)ThisisthefirsttimeIhavecometothisdry．Idon'tknowwhichwaytogo(=whichwayIshouldgo)44ppt課件4．使用非謂語動詞的注意事項：1)動詞不定式可以和疑問代詞或4．使用非謂語動詞的注意事項：2)形式主語和形式賓語*形式主語：當(dāng)作主語的不定式或動名詞短語過長，謂語部分太短，常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放到后面，以保持句子的平衡。如：Itiseasytoworkoutthisproblem．Itismydutytohelpthepeoplewhoareintrouble．*形式賓語：當(dāng)作賓語的不定式或動名詞短語過長，賓補(bǔ)部分太短，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放到賓補(bǔ)后面，亦為保持句子的平衡。如:Ifounditeasytoanswerthisquestion．Wethinkitnogoodgivinglittlechildrentoomuchmoney．45ppt課件4．使用非謂語動詞的注意事項：2)形式主語和形式賓語45pp3)不定式符號的省略(1)兩個不定式并列時，后一個常省去to。

Itoldhertostayandwaitformetocomeback．但表示對比關(guān)系時，要帶to。

Hehasn'tdecidedtostayatschoolortogohome.(2)在下列句型中不定式符號to常省去。

*Whynotdo…?*…wouldratherdo…thando…*You'dbetterdo...*…donothingbutdo…/…h(huán)avenothingtodobutdo…(3)簡短回答中的不定式符號to后的動詞常省去，有時to亦省去。

--Wouldyouliketohavedinnerwithus?--I'dloveto.46ppt課件3)不定式符號的省略(1)兩個不定式并列時，后一個常省去to(4)有些動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶to。這些動詞是：see,watch,notice，lookat，hear,listento,feel，make，have,et…等感官動詞和使役動詞。

這些動詞如果用于被動語態(tài)，后面的不定式要帶to。

Hisfathermadehimwritetwentymoresentences．

Hewasmadetowritetwentymoresentencesbyhisfather．

help后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式可以帶to。也可以不帶to。

Ioftenhelp(to)dohouseworkathome．(5)被省略的不定式是作助動詞用的have或be時，要保留這些助動詞。

Heisnotwhatheusedtobe．

--Didhetellyoutoattendthemeeting?-No，Ioughttohavebeen．47ppt課件(4)有些動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的不定式不帶to。這些動詞是：4)分詞作狀語時，分詞前可加連詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。

Whenheated,icecanbechangedintowater．

Thoughtired,Iwentonwiththework.

Whilewalkinginthestreet,Isawaroadaccident．5)分詞表伴隨情況，其動作和謂語動作須同時發(fā)生。

Ihadtostayinthehotel，waitingforthecartocome．

Theystoodthere,listeningtothebroadcast．但是如果是連續(xù)的有先后的幾個動作，就不能用分詞表伴隨情況。

Hefinishedhisworkquickly,thenwenttothekitchenandbegantocooksupper．

Theboyfelloffthetreeandbrokehisleftleg.48ppt課件4)分詞作狀語時，分詞前可加連詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。48ppt課件6)不定式、分詞和動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：(1)不定式-tohavedone，tobedone，

tohavebeendone

現(xiàn)在分詞-havingdone,beingdone，

havingbeendone

過去分詞只有一種形式-done.(2)在plan,hope,expect,would(should)like,mean等動詞后的不定式的完成時表示沒有實現(xiàn)的行為。

Ihopedtohaveseenher．(ButIdidn'tseeher)Theyexpectedtohavefoundhiminthecave．(Buttheyfailedtofindhim．)49ppt課件6)不定式、分詞和動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：49ppt課件7)不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞的邏輯主語：

(1)不定式的邏輯主語：-for\ofsb+todosth

如：It'simpossibleforhimtomovesuchabigstone．

Thequestionistoohardforalittlechildtoanswer．*但表示性質(zhì)的adj(good，nice,kind,rude,polite,impolite,clever,wise,stupid,silly,foolish,right,wrong)等而用介詞of。

It'scleverofhimtodoso．

It'spoliteofyoutomakeroomfortheoldman(2)動名詞的邏輯主語：-sb's+doing

如：LittleFranz'sbeinglateagainfortheschoolmadetheteacherveryangry.*但動名詞作賓語時邏輯主語可用普通格或人稱代詞的賓格，邏輯主語用普通格。

Isuggestedhim(his)goingtherebytaxi.DidyouenjoyZhoujielunsingingattheconcert?50ppt課件7)不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞的邏輯主語：(1)(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語：一分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的動作執(zhí)行者和句子的動作執(zhí)行者不一致時，分詞前必須有自己的主語，稱為分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。

Weatherpermitting,we'llhaveafieldtriptomorrow．

Motherbeingin，Ihadtostayathometolookafterher．*但有些分詞作狀語屬習(xí)慣用法，分詞的邏輯主語和句子的主語可以不一致。如：Judgingfromtheexpressiononhisface,hehadfailedthedrivingtestagain．

Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.51ppt課件(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語：一分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)分詞的動作執(zhí)行8)注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法*在thefirst,thesecond…，thelast和only之后，只能用todo。如：Hewasthelasttoleavetheclassroom．*如果understand，realize,know用在begin,start,attempt,intend后，只能用todo。如：Ibegantounderstandthetruth．*表示目的的不定式的否定式一般不用nottodo,而用inordernottodo或soasnottodo。如：(√)Inordernottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．

(×)Nottobeseen,hecameintotheroomthroughthewindow．

(√)Hecameintotheroomthroughthewindowsoasnottobeseen．*soastodo一般不放在句首。

(√)Hegetupatfivethismorningsoastocatchtheearlybus．

(X)Soastocatchtheearlybus，hegotupatfivethismorning．52ppt課件8)注意以下幾種情況不定式的用法*在thefirst,t9)非謂語動詞的常用句型*Ittakes+時間+todo…*…spend／waste+時間，金錢+doing…*…h(huán)adbetter+do…．*…wouldrather+do…thando…．*…prefer+todo／doing…．*It'snouse／good+doing…*It'sawasteoftime+doing…*…beworth+doing…．／beworthyof+beingdone．／53ppt課件9)非謂語動詞的常用句型*Ittakes+時間+todo非謂語動詞的常用句型*It'sworthwhile+doing*Wouldyoumind+doing...?*Wouldyoulike/care+todo...?*...havenochoicebut+todo..../..,donothingbut+do*...too...+todo*...need/want/require+doing*...beusedto+doing(習(xí)慣做－－)*...havesb+do/havesb(sth)+doinghavesth+done*...happened+todo54ppt課件非謂語動詞的常用句型*It'sworthwhile+即時鞏固練習(xí)⑹

用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1)Thefluisbelieved________(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.2)Whenfirst_________(introduce)themarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.3)Helenhadtoshout_______(make)herself_______(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.4)When______(compare)withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.5)Youweresillynot__________(lock)yourcar.tobecausedintroducedtomakeheardcomparedtohavelocked55ppt課件即時鞏固練習(xí)⑹用所給動詞的正確形式填空：tobecau6)Victorapologizedhis_______(notbe)abletoinformmeofthechangeintheplan.7)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome,_________(exhaust).8)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief__________(catch).9)Generally______(speak),When_____(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.10)Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythatea