編程基礎(chǔ)c語言趙淑娟課后參考答案

編程基礎(chǔ)c語言習(xí)題答案項目一一、填空題1.函數(shù)2.main()函數(shù)3.main()函數(shù)，main()函數(shù)4.分號（；）5.編輯、編譯、連接、運行二、編程題#include<stdio.h>main(){ printf("*****\n"); printf("*Dev-C++*\n"); printf("*****\n");}項目二一、填空題1.具體步驟解決方法2.數(shù)值運算算法非數(shù)值運算算法3.運行的過程中4.順序結(jié)構(gòu)選擇結(jié)構(gòu)循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)5.自頂向下逐步細化模塊化設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)化編碼二、編程題1.有窮性確定性有零個或多個輸入有一個或多個輸出有效性2.（1）顯然，如果只有兩個瓶子，肯定不能完成此任務(wù)，必須有一個空瓶作為過渡，其步驟如圖2-13所示。圖2-13變量值互換圖2-14三個數(shù)比較（2）如圖2-14所示，三個數(shù)a，b，c進行三次比較，輸出（3）如圖2-15所示，輸入兩個數(shù)m和n，輸出這兩個數(shù)的最大公約數(shù)。圖2-15最大公約數(shù)任務(wù)3的拓展任務(wù)答案：1.求100以內(nèi)的奇數(shù)和。算法：給循環(huán)變量i賦初值為1，循環(huán)判斷i是否小于100，如果成立，循環(huán)將i加到累加變量s中，i再加2；直到循環(huán)結(jié)束。程序如下：#include<stdio.h>main(){ inti,s=0; for(i=1;i<100;i+=2) s+=i; printf("100以內(nèi)的奇數(shù)和為：%d",s);}求100以內(nèi)的偶數(shù)和。算法：給循環(huán)變量i賦初值為2，循環(huán)判斷i是否小于等于100，如果成立，循環(huán)將i加到累加變量s中，i再加2；直到循環(huán)結(jié)束。程序如下：#include<stdio.h>main(){ inti,s=0; for(i=2;i<=100;i+=2) s+=i; printf("100以內(nèi)的偶數(shù)和為：%d",s);}任務(wù)4的拓展任務(wù)答案：1.求方程式ax2+bx+c=0的根，分別考慮（1）有兩個不等的實根；（2）有兩個相等的實根。2.依次將10個數(shù)輸入，輸出其中最大的數(shù)。項目三一、填空題1.整數(shù)類型、浮點類型、字符類型、布爾類型2.大括號或｛｝3.a=25,b=2.54.17，22，135.12二、寫出下列程序的運行結(jié)果1.n=282.x=2,y=-1,z=03.字母a的ASCⅡ碼為：97字母b的ASCⅡ碼為：98r=2s=12.566360b,b,98b,b,98三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main(){doublea,b,c,s,area;a=3.67;b=5.43;c=6.21;s=(a+b+c)/2;area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));printf("a=%f\tb=%f\tc=%f\n",a,b,c);printf("area=%f\n",area);}2.#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main(){doublea,b,c,disc,x1,x2,p,q;scanf("%lf%lf%lf",&a,&b,&c); disc=b*b-4*a*c;p=-b/(2.0*a);q=sqrt(disc)/(2.0*a);x1=p+q;x2=p-q;printf("x1=%7.2\nx2=%7.2f\n",x1,x2);} 項目四一、填空題1.>>=<<===!==6666772.&&||!=11級左結(jié)合性12級左結(jié)合性2級右結(jié)合性3.13級右結(jié)合性表達式1?表達式2:表達式34.01103二、程序結(jié)果題1.12.63.a=4,b=44.Goodmorning!Goodevening!5.（1）2,2,4（2）1,3,3三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main(){floata,b,c,d,x1,x2;printf("請輸入方程的三個系數(shù)：");scanf("%f%f%f",&a,&b,&c);d=b*b-4*a*c;if(d>0){x1=(-b+sqrt(d))/(2*a);x2=(-b-sqrt(d))/(2*a);printf("x1=%f,x2=%f",x1,x2);}elseif(d==0){x1=x2=(-b)/(2*a);printf("x1=x2=%f",x1,x2);}elseprintf("此方程無解！");}2.#include<math.h>main(){ floatx,y; printf("請輸入x的值："); scanf("%f",&x); if(x<1)y=x; elseif(x<20)y=sqrt(2*x-1); elsey=5*x+10; printf("y=%f",y);}3.#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>main(){floata,b;printf("請輸入坐標：");scanf("%f,%f",&a,&b);if(a*a+b*b>=25&&fabs(a)<=5&&fabs(b)<=5)printf("該點在陰影區(qū)域");elseprintf("該點不在陰影區(qū)域");}4.#include<stdio.h>main(){intx,a,b,c;printf("請輸入一個三位整數(shù)：");scanf("%d",&x);if(x>=100&&x<=999){a=x/100;b=x/10%10;c=x%10;if((a*a*a+b*b*b+c*c*c)==x)printf("%d是水仙花數(shù)！",x);elseprintf("%d不是水仙花數(shù)！",x);}elseprintf("輸入數(shù)據(jù)錯誤！");}項目五一、填空題1.for語句、while語句do…while語句for語句2.循環(huán)變量賦初值循環(huán)條件判斷循環(huán)變量更新3.break語句continue語句4.switch結(jié)構(gòu)循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)5.while(x)while(!x)二、程序結(jié)果題1..-13.a=2,b=94.*************************5.k=8三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>main(){charch;for(ch='a';ch<='z';ch=ch+2) {printf("%3c",ch);}}2.#include<stdio.h>main(){inta,num;printf("輸入一個整數(shù)：");scanf("%d",&num); do{a=num%10; printf("%d",a);num=num/10; }while(num); } 3.#include<stdio.h>main(){inti,t=0;for(i=1920;i<=2020;i++)if(i%4==0&&i%100!=0||i%400==0) {printf("%6d",i);t++; if(t%10==0)printf("\n"); }}4.#include<stdio.h>main(){inti,sum=0,s=1;for(i=1;i<100;i+=2) {sum+=i*s; s=-s; }printf("sum=%d",sum);}5.#include<stdio.h>main(){intn=1;doubles=0;while(1){s+=1.0/n;if(s>=6)break;n++; }printf("n=%d",n-1);}6.#include<stdio.h>main(){inti,j,k;for(i=1;i<=50/8;i++) for(j=0;j<=50/2;j++) for(k=0;k<=50/3;k++) if(8*i+2*j+3*k==50) printf("鋼筆:%2d支,簽字筆:%2d支,作文本:%2d本\n",i,j,k);}7.#include<stdio.h>main(){inti,m,n,r,t;t=0;scanf("%d%d",&m,&n);for(i=m;i<=n;++i) {r=i; do{if(r%10==5)t++; r=r/10; }while(r); } printf("數(shù)字5出現(xiàn)%d次",t);}項目六一、填空題1.10,0,0,0,02.803.空格、Tab鍵、回車鍵回車鍵4.%c%s5.strcmpstrlen二、程序結(jié)果題1.302.1214161415160056783.11574.goodjob5.workhard三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>main(){inti,x0=0,x1=0,x2=0,x3=0,a[50];printf("請輸入1或2或3\n");for(i=0;i<50;i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);for(i=0;i<50;i++){if(a[i]==1)x1++;elseif(a[i]==2)x2++;elseif(a[i]==3)x3++;elsex0++;}printf("\n投票結(jié)果:候選人1：%d票,候選人2：%d票,候選人3：%d票,無效票：%d票",x1,x2,x3,x0);}2.#include<stdio.h>main(){inta[10],i,j,t;for(i=0;i<10;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]);for(i=0;i<9;i++) {for(j=i+1;j<10;j++) if(a[i]<a[j]) {t=a[i];a[i]=a[j];a[j]=t;} } for(i=0;i<10;i++) printf("%d",a[i]);} 3.#include<stdio.h>main(){inti;inta[20]={1,1}; for(i=2;i<20;i++) a[i]=a[i-1]+a[i-2];for(i=0;i<20;i++)printf("%6d",a[i]);}4.#include<stdio.h>intmain(){inta[4][3],i,j,max,h,l;printf("輸入整數(shù):\n");for(i=0;i<4;i++)for(j=0;j<3;j++)scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);max=a[0][0];h=l=0;for(i=0;i<4;i++){for(j=0;j<3;j++){if(a[i][j]>max){max=a[i][j];h=i;l=j;}}}printf("最大值為%d,行標為%5d,列標為%d\n",max,h,l);}5.#include<stdio.h>main(){floatscores[5][4],aves[5],avec[4];inti,j;printf("輸入5個學(xué)生的4門課程成績:\n");for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<4;j++)scanf("%f",&scores[i][j]);for(i=0;i<5;i++){aves[i]=0; for(j=0;j<4;j++)aves[i]+=scores[i][j];aves[i]/=4; }printf("\n每個學(xué)生的平均成績:\n");for(i=0;i<5;i++) printf("%8.2f",aves[i]);for(i=0;i<4;i++) {avec[i]=0; for(j=0;j<5;j++) avec[i]+=scores[j][i];avec[i]/=5; }printf("\n每門課程的平均成績:\n");for(i=0;i<4;i++) printf("%8.2f",avec[i]);}6.#include<stdio.h>main(){charc[100];intn=0,i=0; printf("輸入一個字符串:\n");gets(c);while(c[i]!='\0'){n++;i++;}printf("長度為%d",n);}項目七一、填空題1.形參、實參2.數(shù)組名3.全局、局部、靜態(tài)存儲變量、動態(tài)存儲變量4.void5.值傳遞、地址傳遞二、寫出下列程序的運行結(jié)果1.Inmain,a=0,b=520Infunc,a=880,b=120Inmain,a=880,b=5202.Inmain,互換前：x=3,y=5Inswap,互換前：x=3,y=5Inswap,互換后：x=5,y=3Inmain,互換后：x=3,y=53.6254.1005.CDEF三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>floatarea(floata,floatb){returna*b;}main(){floatl,w,s;printf(“請輸入長方形的長和寬：”);scanf(“%f%f”,&l,&w);s=area(l,w);printf(“長方形的面積為：%10.2f\n”,s);}2.#include<stdio.h>#defineN100intserch(inta[],intn,intx){inti;for(i=0;i<n;i++)if(a[i]==x)returni;elsereturn-1;}main(){inta[N]={28,5,37,45,11,9,28,10,89,64};intx,pos;printf(“輸入所要查找的整數(shù)：”);scanf(“%d”,&x);pos=serch(a,10,x);if(pos>=0)printf(“在第%d個位置\n”,pos+1);elseprintf(“查找失敗！\n”);}項目八一、填空題1.取變量地址2.33.int(*p)[4]；4.05.3二、寫出下列程序的運行結(jié)果1.10,One*Dreame!2.63.364.195.2143三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>main(){inta[3][4],*ptr;inti,j;ptr=a[0];for(i=0;i<3;i++)for(j=0;j<4;j++)scanf(“%d”,ptr++);ptr=a[0];for(i=0;i<3;i++){for(j=0;j<4;j++)printf(“%4d”,*ptr++);printf(“\n”,);}}2.#include<stdio.h>int*max(inta[],intn){int*p,i;for(p=a,i=1;i<n;i++)if(*p<a[i])p=a+i;return(p);}main(){inta[10],*q,i;for(i=0;i<10;i++)scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);q=max(a,10);printf(“\nMAX=%d”,*q);}項目九：一、填空題1.structunion2.結(jié)構(gòu)體變量名.成員名成員運算符3.8個字節(jié)4.可以不能5.typedef二、程序結(jié)果題1.8,22.8,83.12,44.x.a=5368x.s[0]=68,x.s[1]=53x.a=15.15,q三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>typedefstructstudent{ intnum; charname[20]; floatscore;}STUD;main(){ inti,m; floatmax; STUDstu[5]={{101,"王海",92}, {102,"李琛",95}, {103,"蘇曉菲",88}, {104,"王子墨",86}, {105,"楊靜",98} }; m=0; max=stu[0].score; for(i=1;i<5;i++) {if(stu[i].score>max) {max=stu[i].score; m=i; } } printf("最高分學(xué)生的信息：\n"); printf("%d%s%5.1f\n",stu[m].num,stu[m].name,max);}2.#include<stdio.h>typedefstructstudent{ intnum; charname[20]; floatscore;}STUD;main(){ inti,j;STUDstud; STUDstu[5]={{101,"王海",92}, {102,"李琛",95}, {103,"蘇曉菲",88}, {104,"王子墨",86}, {105,"楊靜",98} }; for(i=0;i<5;i++) {for(j=i+1;j<5;j++) if(stu[j].score>stu[i].score) {stud=stu[i]; stu[i]=stu[j]; stu[j]=stud; } } printf("按照成績排序后的學(xué)生信息如下\n"); for(i=0;i<5;i++) printf("%-5d%-20s%.2f\n",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].score);} 3.#include<stdio.h>unioneyes{intdu;floatshi;};typedefstructstudent{ intnum; charname[20]; charglasses; unioneyesshili;}STUD;main(){ inti,j; STUDstu[5]={{101,"王海",'y'}, {102,"李琛",'n'}, {103,"蘇曉菲",'y'}, {104,"王子墨",'n'}, {105,"楊靜",'y'} }; printf("請輸入眼鏡度數(shù)或視力：");for(i=0;i<5;i++){if(stu[i].glasses=='y')scanf("%d",&stu[i].shili.du);elsescanf("%f",&stu[i].shili.shi); } printf("戴眼鏡的學(xué)生信息如下：\n"); for(i=0;i<5;i++)if(stu[i].glasses=='y')printf("%d%15s%3c眼鏡%d度\n",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].glasses,stu[i].shili.du);printf("不戴眼鏡的學(xué)生信息如下：\n"); for(i=0;i<5;i++)if(stu[i].glasses=='n')printf("%d%15s%3c視力為%.1f\n",stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].glasses,stu[i].shili.shi);}項目十：一、填空題1.普通文件設(shè)備文件2.ASCII碼文件二進制碼文件3.文件指針4.文件讀寫位置標記5.文件結(jié)束判斷函數(shù)feof()二、程序結(jié)果題1.Hell2.Jinanng3.13579三、編程題1.#include<stdio.h>main(){ charstr[100]; FILE*fp;inti=0;if((fp=fopen(“test.dat”,”w+”)==NULL){printf(“不能打開該文件\n);return;}printf(“inputastring:”);gets(str);while(str[i]){if(str[i]>=’a’&&str[i]<=’z’)str[i]=str[i]-32;putc(str[i],fp);i++;}fclsoe(fp);fp=fopen(“test.dat”,”r+”);fgets(str,strlen(str)+1,fp);printf(“%s\n”,str);fclose(fp);}}2.#include<stdio.h>#include<stdlib.h>main(){ FILE*fp;charitem[30],a;inti;if((fp=fopen(“beiwang.txt”,”w”)==NULL){printf(“打開文件失敗\n”);getch();exit(0);}fprintf(fp,”%s\t%s\n”,”序號”,”事項”);printf(“請輸入備忘：\n”);for(i=0;i<10;i++){gets(item);