2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課中國科學院碩士英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解

2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課中國科學院碩士英語歷年高頻考題帶答案難題附詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）第1卷一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.Joeputstoomuch______onpillsfromthedrugstoreanddoesnotlistentohisdoctor.A.applianceB.defianceC.relianceD.compliance2.TOPIC

Ifyourchildwerebullied(受欺負),whatwouldyousaytohimorher?Tellwhyyouwouldsayso.3.EvenifIwonamillion-dollarlottery,Iwouldcontinuetolive______A.subtlyB.frugallyC.explicitlyD.cautiously4.Shewasartfulandcouldalways______herparentsintheend.A.shoutdownB.getroundC.complywithD.passover5.Sometimescertainfamiliesadhered______thesamereligiousbeliefsforseveralgenerations.A.toB.forC.afterD.with6.Itwillbeveryhelpfulifparentshaveseentheschoolenvironmentandknowwhatkindoftaskstheschoolwill______onthedailylifeoftheirchild.A.composeB.imposeC.disposeD.expose7.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbe______controlledandmodified.A.deliberatelyB.consequentlyC.originallyD.absolutely8.Iftheexpertadviceismorepositive,willtheparentsbeableto______attitudeswhichhavebuiltupoverdecadesinafewdays?A.approveofB.shrugoffC.showoffD.pickup9.Theworldleadersneedtotakeactionontheenergycrisisthatis______beforeoureyes.A.takingshapeB.takingeffectC.takingapartD.takingover10.Autobiographicaladvertisingcan______consumers'pastmemoriesabouttheproductorbrand.A.exaggerateB.excavateC.extractD.evoke11.Hewritesinavery______manner;there'remanymistakesalmosteverypage.A.illegibleB.illiterateC.irregularD.irreversible12.Wealthynationshavefallenfarbehindontheiraid______totheworld'spoor.A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications13.Theparty'sreducedvotewas______oflackofsupportforitspolicies.A.indicativeB.positiveC.revealingD.evident14.Inthepresenteconomic______wecanmakeevengreaterprogressthanpreviously.A.airB.moodC.areaD.climate15.Suddenlyoneoftheleavesbeginstoflyinastrongwind;theleafisreallynoleafatall—it'saninsect______asaleaf.A.maskedB.disguisedC.repressedD.assumed16.Theydriftedonthelake,fishingandcatchingshrimpto______.A.getbyB.getoverC.getalongD.getacross17.Researchersarelookingfornewwaysto______theproblem.A.abridgeB.approachC.condenseD.dispose18.Comparedwithhis______,Putinadoptedamoreactive,flexibleandpragmaticforeignpolicy.A.ancestorB.predecessorC.forerunnerD.pioneer19.Guaranteesandwarrantiestellbuyerstherepairsforwhichamanufactureris______.A.qualifiedB.agreeableC.compatibleD.liable20.Inamarketeconomy,itisimpracticalto______bigbankstoreducethequalificationtoprovidefinancialsupportforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.A.takeonB.bearonC.holdonD.counton21.Tohaveaknowledge-basedeconomyandascientifically______population,developingcountriesmustinvestinfundamentalscienceandblueskiesresearch.A.moderateB.obsoleteC.literateD.desperate22.ThesanctionsaredesignedtoforceLibyato______thetwoLockerbiesuspectsandtoco-operateintheinvestigationinasimilarcase.A.handinB.handoutC.handdownD.handover23.Didtheentertainerpreparehisjokesbeforetheprogram,or______themashewentalong?A.envisageB.visualizeC.improviseD.mediate24.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo______waitingforhimtocomehome.A.overB.withC.downD.through25.Johnhasreceivedofferlettersfromthreecompanies,buthewantsto______hisoptionsopen,ashehasn'tdecidedwhatkindofjobhewantstodo.A.takeB.leaveC.letD.make26.Newspapersandmagazinescarryextensive______ofdietandhealthtopicsanddietbooksareamongthebestsellers.A.sketchB.concernC.coverageD.involvement27.Icouldthenrealizethathewasafeverspecialistofworld______.A.renownB.domainC.prominenceD.authority28.TOPIC

Peopleoftencomeupwithdifferentdecisionswhenfacingthesamesituation.Why?29.Theprofitmotiveisinherently______withprinciplesoffairnessandequity.A.inlineB.intradeC.attimesD.atodds30.Aknowledgeofhistory______ustodealwiththevastrangeofproblemsconfrontingthecontemporaryworld.A.equipsB.providesC.offersD.satisfies31.TheMinister's______answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.A.impressiveB.evasiveC.intensiveD.exhaustive32.InsomeCaliforniahousingestates,akeyaloneisinsufficienttogetsomeoneinthedoor;hisorhervoiceprintmustalsobe______.A.duplicatedB.perceivedC.acquiredD.verified33.Thewaterwassoclearthatit______thetreesontheriverbank.A.shadowedB.shadedC.representedD.reflected34.Theorgantransplantcommunityhas______humansandmonkeysforethicalreasons.A.knockedoutB.bailedoutC.pointedoutD.ruledout35.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywritteninGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere______inmanypartsofit.A.alteredB.criticizedC.incorporatedD.translated36.Theimageofanunfortunateresidenthavingtoclimb20flightsofstairsbecausetheliftis______isnowacommonone.A.outofthewayB.onorderC.outoforderD.innoway37.Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.UsethespaceprovidedonyourAnswerSheetII.

TOPIC

Whatistheonethingthatyou'velearnedfromdoingsportswhichappliestoallaspectsofyourlife?Pleaseuseexamplestoillustrateyourpoints.38.Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly______sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.A.exploitedB.controversialC.inexhaustibleD.remarkable39.Ifyouseethatthestreetiswetinthemorning,youwould______thatitmusthaverainedduringthenight.A.reduceB.seduceC.deduceD.induce40.Weareapeacefulcommunitybutwecannot______andallowthepeopleresponsibletodestroythefabricofoursociety.A.startupB.startoffC.standbyD.stickout41.Afternegotiationforsometime,allthemembersoftheassociationpromisedto______tothestrictcodeofpractice.A.ascribeB.confirmC.adhereD.confide42.China's______culturalheritageshouldbebetterprotectedthroughincreasedeffortstopreserveendangeredart.A.inalienableB.intangibleC.intelligibleD.indivisible43.Inamaterialisticand______societypeople'sinterestseemstobefocusedsolelyonmonetarypursuit.A.adaptiveB.addictiveC.acquisitiveD.arrogant44.Theguestteamwasbeatenbythehostteam2______4inlastyear'sCFACupFinal.A.overB.inC.toD.against45.Becausetheworkerswerenewandinexperienced,themanagerhadtowatchthemand______theirworkclosely.A.attendB.demandC.analyzeD.supervise46.RiteofPassageisagoodnovelbyanystandards;______,itshouldrankhighonanylistofsciencefiction.A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately47.Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers'fearswerecompletely______.A.unjustifiedB.unjustC.misguidedD.unaccepted48.WhenIwashavingdinnerwithyouandEdwardathisapartment,Isensedacertain______betweenthetwoofyou.A.intimacyB.proximityC.discrepancyD.diversity49.Pleasedon'tinterruptme.Ifyouhavesomethingtosay,______yourcommentuntilIhavefinishedspeaking.A.withdrawB.witherC.withholdD.withstand50.Iamthankfultothecompanyforgivingmesuchachance,andIearnestlyhopethatIwill______everyone'sexpectations.A.boildowntoB.lookforwardtoC.liveuptoD.catchonto第1卷參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：C2.參考答案：AsFranklinRooseveltonceclaimed,"Wecannotalwaysbuildthefutureforouryouth,butwecanbuildouryouthforthefuture."Educationfornextgenerationsisalwaysman'smajorconcern.Educationcoversmanyaspects,evenincludingthewayhowapersongetsalongwithothers.

SupposeIhadalittledaughter,Yaoyao,andshewasbulliedbyherclassmateinherelementaryschool,Iwouldfirstinvestigatethesituationtofindoutwhowasrightandwhowaswrong.Ifitwasnotherfaultatall,Iwouldspeaktoherlikethis:"Don'tbefrightened,Yaoyao.It'snotrightforyourclassmatetotreatyoulikethis,andwewillfindwaystodealwiththissortofthings."Andthen,Iwouldsuggestthatshereportthistoherschool,getsupportfromherteacher,andaskthatstudenttoapologizetoher.

WhywouldIsayso?Ifachildwerebullied,parentswouldtendtofeelasiftheythemselveswerehurtaswellandeasilybecameoveremotional.Nevertheless,maintainingareasonableandimpartialattitudeisextremelycrucialatthismoment,forparents'attitudealsoteacheschildrenindirectlyhowtheyshouldbehaveinthefuture.Teachingtakesplaceeverywhere,whetherinthefamilyorintheschool.Parents,aswellaschildren'sprivateteachersinbuildingtheircharacters,needtobearinmindthatchildrenlearntogetalongwithothersintheireverydaycontact.Undoubtedly,sometimesachildmaysufferfrombeingbulliedbytheirschoolmates,andmoreoftenthannot,thataschoolmateevenisn'tcertainenoughabouthisorherimproperbehavior,becausemostchildrenarestillintheprocessoflearningtherulesanddisciplinesofhumansociety.Sointhebeginning,parentsshouldteachtheirchildrenwhatisrightandwhatiswrong.

Furthermore,bullyingisadetrimentalwayofbehavior.Ifyoubulliedsomeone,youtreatedtheminaveryunpleasantwaybyusingyourstrengthorpowertohurtorfrightenthem.Soweshouldteachchildrenhowtoasserttheirrightswhenbeingbullied.Injusticeexistsattheschoolaswellasinasociety.Therefore,learninghowtofightagainstunfairnessisalsoanessentialpartofthelessonforchildren.ParentsshouldteachchildrennottolosetheircouragebeforetheMightandfightagainstinjusticeinareasonableway.

Besides,parentsalsoneedtoprotectchildren'sself-esteemandletthemknowthatbeingbulliedisnotashamefulthing.Inhistory,manycelebritieswerealsobulliedwhentheywereyoung,buttheyhaveinsteadachievedtheirself-fulfillmentsandbecamepowerfullater.AcaseinpointisthestoryoftheUglyDuckling.Itwasalsoridiculedandbulliedbyitspeersinitschildhood,butlateritbecameagorgeouslybeautifulswan.

Inconclusion,whenachildisbullied,parentsshouldmaintainasereneandimpartialattitude,andguidethechildinlearninghowtogetalongwithothers,howtofightagainstinjustice,andhowtobuildtheirself-esteem.要寫好此作文，考生有兩部分內容要兼顧：第一，你將對孩子說什么，如何教育孩子?第二，解釋你為什么要這樣教育孩子。實際上第二部分內容更重要，需要花費更多的筆墨。因為此題考查的重點是闡釋你在這件事上所具有的價值觀以及教育理念。理性地看待孩子受欺負這個問題，教育孩子來應對成長過程中可能會遇到的人際關系危機，學習正確處理同伴之間的矛盾和紛爭，這些都是孩子成長過程中不可缺少的一環(huán)，同時也是這篇作文內容充實、論述有理的重要基石。無論作者如何闡釋，關鍵是要言之成理，使人信服，語言表達通順流暢。3.參考答案：B[解析]本句意為“即使中了一百萬美元的彩票，我仍會繼續(xù)過……的生活”。A項意為“敏銳地，巧妙地”；B項意為“節(jié)約地，儉樸地”；C項意為“明白地，明確地”；D項意為“小心地，謹慎地”。根據句意B為正確選項。4.參考答案：B5.參考答案：A[解析]本題中“adhereto”是固定搭配，意為“堅持……”，句意是堅持相同的宗教信仰，因此選擇A。6.參考答案：B[解析]A項“compose”意為“組成，構成；作曲”；B項“impose”意為“征稅；把……強加于”；C項“dispose”意為“排列，布置；安排，處理”；D項“expose”意為“暴露；使遭受”。本句是說學校給孩子布置作業(yè)，因此選擇B。7.參考答案：A8.參考答案：B[解析]A項“approveof”意為“贊成，贊同”；B項“shrugoff”意為“聳肩表示蔑視；擺脫”；C項“showoff”意為“炫耀，賣弄”；D項“pickup”意為“撿起；得到；學會”。本句是說父母擺脫數十年積累的態(tài)度，因此選擇B。9.參考答案：A[解析]根據句中“眼下正形成的能源危機問題”可知，只有項符合題意。takingshape意為“成型，形成”。根據題意可知，A項為正確答案。10.參考答案：D[解析]A項“exaggerate”意為“夸張，夸大”；B項“excavate”意為“挖空，挖掘”；C項“extract”意為“(費力地)取出；采掘，提煉”；D項“evoke”意為“喚起，引起；使人想起”。句子是說廣告引起消費者的回憶，因此選擇D。11.參考答案：B[解析]根據句中“寫的字就像是文盲寫的一樣”可知，只有B項符合題意。illiterate意為“語言錯誤的，不能讀寫的”；從句中后面的mistakes可以推知，B項為正確答案。12.參考答案：A[解析]根據句中“援助世界貧困地區(qū)的承諾”可知，只有A項符合題意。commitments意為“委托事項，許諾，承擔義務”。根據題意可知，A項為正確答案。13.參考答案：A[解析]indicative“表明的，表示的”，常與of連用，符合題意。如：Hispresenceisindicativeofhisinterestinourplan．他的到來表示他對我們的計劃發(fā)生興趣；bepositiveabout/of表示“確信，確知”；revealing、evident不與介詞of搭配。14.參考答案：D[解析]climate除表示氣候，風土外，還可指(社會)風氣，一般(社會)趨勢。如：politicalclimate政治風氣。15.參考答案：B16.參考答案：A[解析]A項“getby”意為“通過；設法；繼續(xù)存在”；B項“getover”意為“克服；使渡過；走完”；C項“getalong”意為“相處，進展；前進”；D項“getacross”意為“使被理解，被接受”。本句是說他們通過打魚捕蝦為生，因此選擇A。17.參考答案：B18.參考答案：B[解析]B選項：predecessor的意思為“前任，前輩”，如：Asascholar，heisnotinthesamestreetwithhispredecessors．(作為學者，他遠不如其前輩。)句意：與其前任相比，普京的對外戰(zhàn)略更積極、靈活、務實。故選B。

其他三項意思分別是：ancestor祖先，先驅；forerunner先驅，前兆；pioneer拓荒者，先驅者。19.參考答案：D[解析]A項，“qualified”意為“合格的”；B項，“agreeable”意為“令人愉快的，愜意的”；C項，“compatible”意為“合得來的，協(xié)調的”；D項，“l(fā)iable”意為“負有法律責任的”，由句意可知，空格處為“制造商有責任提供的維修服務”，因此選擇D。20.參考答案：D[解析]A項，“takeon”意為“穿上；采用，采納”；B項，“bearon”意為“壓在……上，使難以承受負荷”；C項，“holdon”意為“抓牢，繼續(xù)、堅持”；D項，“counton”意為“依靠，指望”，由句意可知，空格處為“指望大銀行降低資格”，因此選擇D。21.參考答案：C[解析]本題考查詞義辨析。句意為：要想有一個知識經濟和有科學素養(yǎng)的人口，發(fā)展中國家必須投資于基礎科學和理論研究。A：穩(wěn)健的，溫和的，適度的，中等的，有節(jié)制的；B：廢棄的，老式的；C：受過教育的，精通文學的；D：不顧一切的，令人絕望的，極度渴望的。分析各選項意思，只有C選項符合題意。22.參考答案：D[解析]本題考查詞義辨析。句意為：制裁的目的是迫使利比亞交出兩位嫌疑人，并且在相似案件的調查中給予合作。A：交上，提交，呈送；B：分發(fā)，施舍，把……拿出來；C：宣布，把……傳下去；D：交出，移交。分析各個選項及題干意思，可知本題選D。23.參考答案：C24.參考答案：D25.參考答案：B本題考查動詞和形容詞的搭配。只有l(wèi)eave跟open搭配成立。26.參考答案：C[解析]根據句中“大篇幅的報道”可知，只有C項符合題意。coverage意為“新聞報道”；由句中的主語可以推知，C項為正確答案。27.參考答案：A[解析]本題考查詞義辨析。句意為：后來我知道他是一個有世界名望的發(fā)燒方面專家。A：聲譽，名望；B：領域，域名，產業(yè)，地產；C：突出，顯著，突出物，卓越；D：權威，權力，當局。因此，A選項“聲譽；名望”符合題意。28.參考答案：Whenfacingthesamesituation,differentpeoplehavedifferentdecisions.Thatisquitenaturalbecausetherearemanyfactorsthatcouldinfluenceourfinaldecisions,suchasourcognitiveabilities,ourinterestsandourindividualneeds.Iwillanalyzetheseindetailsinthefollowingparagraphs.

Thefirstplaintruth,Iampresentinghere,isthatpeople'scognitiveabilitiesvaryfromgender,ageandeducationlevels.Withdifferentbackgroundofcognitiveapproaches,peoplehavedifferentpointsofviewwhenlookingatthesamesituation,sotheycomeupwiththeirownconclusions,andmakedifferentdecisions.Eventhesamepersonwilllookatthesamesituationdifferentlyasheorsheisaging.Forexample,whenweareyoung,wemaythinkloveisallthatweneedtotakeintoconsideration.Wecansacrificeeverythingforlove.Butwhenwegetmorematureandolder,wemayrealizethatloveisonlyanepisodeinone'slifeandtherearemorecrucialthingsthanloveinthisworld,suchasone'sresponsibility,one'scareer.

Furthermore,people'sinterestsinfluencetheirowndecisions.Whenchoosingtheirmajors,collegestudentsoftenhavevariouschoicesasaresultoftheirowninterests.Somepeoplearefascinatedbyliberalarts,sotheychoosetostudylanguagesorliterature;otherpeopleareintoxicatedinexploringthemysteriesinthisplanet,sotheychoosetostudygeology;stillothersareinterestedinresearchingthisphysicalworld,sotheystudyphysics.

Last,alsoaveryimportantreasonisthat,differentpersonalneedswillbetakenintoaccountindecisionmaking.Takearecentphenomenonasanexample.ThehousingpriceinBeijingisnowquitehigh;undersuchcircumstances,somepeoplechoosetobuyaflat,whileothersdecidetorenttheirhouses.Thosewhobuyhousesunderthehighpricesmaybeinneedofahouse,ortheymaybelievethatthehousingpriceswillcontinuetoriseintheforeseeablefuture,whichwillturnoutasaninvestment.WhilethosewhorentmaychoosetoworkinBeijingonlyforacoupleofyears,ortheymaybelievethatthecurrenthousingpricewilldropdownsomeday,sotheyarejustrentingandwaitingforthatday.People'sneedsarevaried,andbehindeachdecisionisusuallyanindividualneed.

Inaword,theworldiscomplex.Therearenosimilarmindsamongpeople,justastherearenevertwosimilarleaves.It'sthiskindofdistinctionthatmakesourworldmoreinteresting.這個題目是哲學思辨類的題目，要求考生探討一個具有哲理的生活現象：“面對同一處境，不同的人有不同的選擇?！闭軐W思辨性質的題目不是社會現實類題目，比如住房問題，高考問題，人口控制問題，等等。由于題目本身是抽象的，因此在寫作的時候，除了做抽象的邏輯推理以外，最好能結合具體的實例來分析和佐證，以便虛實相生，加強說服力。否則容易陷入純理論探討的枯燥境地。對于題目中的問題，自然可以從很多方面來討論；但不管從哪些方面來談，都應注意并學會抽取幾個主要的原因(這是題目中要求的重點內容)，來進行針對性的分析，只要言之有理，語言流暢，就是好文章。29.參考答案：D分析句子的內在邏輯關系：發(fā)現利潤動機和公平原則從本質上來看是矛盾的，單純追求利潤的行為勢必會破壞公平競爭的原則。故選atodds(爭執(zhí)，不同意，意見不一致)。其他選項：inline成一直線，一致，有秩序；intrade做生意；attimes有時，不時。30.參考答案：A31.參考答案：B32.參考答案：D[解析]A項“duplicate”意為“復制”；B項“perceive”意為“感知，感受”；C項“acquire”意為“取得，獲得”：D項“verify”意為“證明，證實，核實，查清”。本句是說需要驗證他們的聲音，因此選擇D。33.參考答案：Dshadow投陰影于，使朦朧；shade遮蔽，使陰暗，意思和shadow差不多；represent表現，描繪；reflect反射，反映。根據句子的意思，reflected是正確答案。34.參考答案：D[解析]根據句意“排除在外”可知。本只有D項ruleout“把……排除在外，排除……的可能性”符合題意。因此本題選D。35.參考答案：C36.參考答案：C[解析]句子的大意為：電梯出了故障，居民要爬20層樓，這種現象現在已經很普遍了。A項outoftheway“偏僻的，不同尋常的，不擋道，把……移開”；B項onorder“在訂購中”；C項outoforder“發(fā)生故障，次序顛倒”；D項innoway“絕不”。所以C項符合題意。37.參考答案：Whatistheonethingthatyou'velearnedfromdoingsports?

Frommypersonalexperienceindoingsports,IhavelearnedalessonthatperseveranceisthekeytoSuccess.Thisnotionoflife,asfarasIobserve,couldbeappliedtoalmostallaspectsofmylife.

Ioncehadaveryunforgettableexperienceindoingsports.WhenIwasstillacollegestudent,Ioncetookpartinarunningcompetition.Inordertoprepareforthisrace,Ihadpracticedrunningforalmostamonth.Atthedayofthegame,Ididmyutmosttoruninordertowinaprizeforourclass.Attheendoftherace,IwassoexhaustedandthirstythatIdesperatelywantedtogiveup,butmyclassmatesintheplaygroundallencouragedmetocarryon.FinallyIperseveredandwonathirdprize.Thisexperiencehastaughtmethatperseveranceisthekeytosuccess.Whenthesituationturnssodifficultthatwethinkwewon'tbeabletosucceed,perseverancewillbringushopeandevenasurprisingreward.

Successisnoteasytocomeineverybody'slife.Thereforethepreparationforitisoftenalongprocess.Sometimeswhathelpspeopletosucceedisnotsomuchaperson'sintelligenceashisorherspiritofperseverance.Laterinmylife,Ihaveusedthisexperienceagaintofaceanothersignificantchallenge.Afterworkingforseveral