構詞法課件 2022-2023學年初高中英語銜接課程

構詞法Withoutvocabulary,nothingcanbeconveyed.網絡流行語猜猜猜①discloseone'ssecret吐槽②Microblog微博③gelivable/ungelivable給力/不給力網絡流行語猜猜猜④envious,jealous,andhateful⑤grouppurchasing⑥ironlady羨慕嫉妒恨團購女漢子①discloseone'ssecret②Microblog③gelivable/ungelivable④envious,jealous,andhateful⑤grouppurchasing⑥ironlady前綴前綴后綴后綴合成合成前綴：一般只改變詞義，不改變詞類后綴：一般只改變詞類，不引起詞義變化合成：把兩個或兩個以上的詞合成一個新詞。⑦daddy-is-the-key合成派生法轉化法拼綴法合成法02030401CONTENT目錄截短法首字母縮略法0506ONE合成法Compounding由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞，有的用連詞符號“-”連接，有的直接連寫在一起，還有的由分開的兩個詞構成。1.合成名詞

合成法名詞+名詞

watermelon

名詞＋動詞daybreak黎明名詞＋動名詞handwriting書法動名詞＋名詞readingroom名詞+及物動詞

er/or

pain-killer止痛藥名詞＋介詞＋名詞editor-in-chief總編輯動詞＋名詞typewriter打字機現(xiàn)在分詞＋名詞flying-fish飛魚形容詞＋名詞gentleman紳士代詞＋名詞

she-wolf母狼2.合成動詞

名詞＋動詞sleep-walk夢游形容詞＋動詞

white-wash粉刷副詞＋動詞

overcome克服3.合成形容詞

名詞＋形容詞snow-white雪白的名詞＋過去分詞man-made人造的數(shù)詞＋名詞＋形容詞three-year-old三歲的形容詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞good-looking相貌好看的數(shù)詞＋名詞second-hand二手的形容詞＋形容詞middle-aged中年的4.合成副詞

形容詞＋名詞hotfoot匆忙地形容詞＋副詞everywhere到處副詞＋副詞however盡管如此介詞＋名詞beforehand事先介詞＋副詞 forever永遠5.合成代詞

代詞賓格＋selfherself她自己物主代詞selfmyself我自己形容詞＋名詞anything任何事從右欄中找出適當?shù)脑~與左欄搭配構成合成詞.suitnewfirsttroublebestbabyoveremptycasesellerclassbornhandedeatsitfreesuitcae

行李箱bestseller暢銷書firstclass一流的newborn新生兒emptyhanded兩手空空overeat吃得過多babysit臨時照顧troublefree無故障的Exercise1.myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout____inEnglish.—Youcanwrite______passageinEnglish.A.600words；a600-wordsB.600-word；a600-wordsC.600words；a600-wordD.600words；a600-words2.Canadaismainlyan________country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spokenTW0派生法Derivation派生法

Derivation前綴后綴名詞后綴形容詞后綴副詞后綴動詞后綴否定前綴其他前綴happy----unhappylike-------dislikeproper---improperformal---informalregular------irregularlegal--------illegal1.常見的否定前綴前綴例子un-unhappy（不高興）unlock（開鎖）dis-dislike（不喜歡）disagree（不同意）im-impossible（不可能的）improper（不合適的）in-informal（非正式的）incorrect（不正確的）ir-irregular（不規(guī)則的）irrelevant（不相關的）il-illegal（不合法的）illogical（不合理的）前綴只改變詞義，不改變詞類給下列單詞加上前綴dis-,un-,in-或im-,構成意思相反的詞。1.agree_______ 2.complete_________3.healthy_________4.important________5.able_______ 6.cover_________7.known_______ 8.practical_________9.tidy_______ 10.perfect_________disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectExerciseex-presidentinternettelevisionencourageretellasleep前綴意義用法例詞re-再一次，重新用于動詞及派生名詞名詞、形容詞及其它名詞前(=again)rebuild重建,reappear,再次出現(xiàn)fore-時間或位置的“在前面”加在動詞或名詞前(=before)foretell,預言foreknow預知pre-在前、事先、預先加在名詞或形容詞前(=before,infront,inadvance)preview復習preface前言post-時間和順序的“在后邊”加在名詞或形容詞前(=after,behind)post-war,戰(zhàn)后的post-graduate研究生a-在之上，向，在里加在動詞或名詞前，構成派生形容詞、副詞或介詞asleep睡著的alone孤獨的co-聯(lián)合、共同加在名詞或動詞前co-worker同事cooperation合作inter-”互相”、“在一起”加在名詞、形容詞前構成動詞(=between,among)internet互聯(lián)網international國際的mid-中間加在名詞前(=middle)midnight午夜super-高級、在之上加在名詞前(=above,over,upon)superman超人2.其他前綴Exercise1.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility2.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.A.alive；liveB.live；liveC.live；aliveD.alive；alive3.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouragedscientistmusiciandoctor猜職業(yè)illnessshoppingmembership1.名詞后綴---構成名詞①-er,-orteachV.--------teachern.visitV.---------visitorn.

②-ianmusicn.--------musiciann.

③-isttourn.旅程--------touristn.旅游者

④-ingbuildV.建立--------buildingn.建筑物

⑤-mentdevelopV.發(fā)展--------developmentn.發(fā)展

⑥-nesshappyadj.快樂的--------happinessn.快樂

⑦-thwarmadj.溫暖的--------warmthn.溫暖

⑧-tioninviteV.邀請--------invitationn.邀請函

⑨-ty,-ity

safe.--------safetyn.possibleadj.------possibilityn.

⑩-shipfriendn.--------friendshipn.

后綴改變詞類Exercise1.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas_____andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless2.Thechildlookedatme________.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless3.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable4.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practicedsatisfyfrightenmodernizebeautifyQueenSnowWhiteeducatefinish

后綴意義用法例詞-ate使成為，成為...，處理，使化合見于外來詞，由外來詞根組成，不能活用educate教育translate翻譯-en變?yōu)?，使為，變?yōu)橛?，使有加在形容詞上，有時加在名詞上，通常構成及物動詞frighten害怕strengthen加強-fy使成為，使...化加在名詞或形容詞上，構成及物動詞和少數(shù)不及物動詞beautify使美麗satisfy使?jié)M意-ish使...,令...大多是從法語輸入的詞，不能構成新詞finish完成punish懲罰-ize-ize使成，變成，...化加在名詞或形容詞上，構成及物動詞或少數(shù)不及物動詞modernize現(xiàn)代化realize意識到2.動詞后綴Exercise1.How_____heis!Heisalwaysacting_____.Heisreallya_____.A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool2.Westoodthere______atthe_____sight.A.frightened；frightfulB.frighteningfrightfulC.fright；frighteningD.frightful；frightcloudyvaluablehomelessexpensivepowerfuldangerous后綴意義用法例詞-able可/能…的加在名詞或及物動詞后valuable珍貴的-al有...性質的加在名詞后natural自然的-ant,-ent...的加在外來動詞詞干上important重要的-ic,-ical...性質的，與...有關的加在外來詞干的名詞上basic基本的-ish稍帶...的，...氣的，...民族的，...語的加在名詞或形容詞上用于民族國家地名之上English英國的-ive有...傾向的/性質的加在動詞上expensive昂貴的-ful充滿...的，引起...的加在名詞或少數(shù)名詞上powerful充滿力量的-less無/不...的，不能...的加在名詞或動詞上homeless無家可歸的-ous充滿...的，有...特性的加在名詞上dangerous危險的-y有/多...的，想...的加在名詞上cloudy多云的-ed有...的，有...特征的加在名詞或動詞上tired疲倦的-en由...構(制)成的加在物質名詞上wooden木制的-ern...方的加在表示方位的名詞上western西方的-ly有...性質的，...形狀的加在名詞或形容詞上daily日常的3.形容詞后綴---構成形容詞Exercise1.Thatmanwas________enoughtotellthemanagerthathewoulddothejob.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.Thechildlooked__athisbrotherwhowasbadlywounded.A.sadlyB.sadnessC.sad3.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfactionrain(形容詞)________agree(反義)__________nation(形容詞)_______farm(人)__________recent(副詞)________friend(形容詞)________hope(形容詞)_______visit(名詞)__________home(形容詞)________America(形容詞)_______eight(序數(shù)詞)________China(形容詞)________

按括號內的要求改寫下列單詞rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlyhomelessChineseExerciseExercise1.Hewasoneofthebest___inyesterday’sfootballmatch.A.playB.playingC.player2.Look!How_______Kateislaughing!

A.happyB.happilyC.happier3.Edisonwasagreat____.Duringhislifehehadmany___.

A.invent;inventorB.inventor;inventionsC.inventions;inventorD.invenor;inventTHREE轉化法Conversion轉化法是指有一種詞性轉化為另一種詞性。單詞轉化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切.①動詞名詞talkv.講話------talk

n.交談，討論②形容詞名詞green

adj.綠色的------green

n.綠色eg.Sheiswearingagreendress.(adj.)Thegirlingreenlooksverybeautiful.(n.)③形容詞動詞perfectadj.完美的------perfect

v.使完美

eg.ShespeaksperfectEnglish.(adj.)Theytriedtheirbesttoperfectthesystem.(v.)④名詞動詞

watern.水------waterv.澆水①tastev.嘗起來n.味道{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.②handn.手v.遞送③wrongadj.錯誤的n.錯的事{{Wealwayswalkhandinhand.Pleasehand

methebook.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecar.

Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.④clean{adj.干凈v.清掃Pleasekeeptidyand