初高中英語銜接知識點

-#-some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Look!Someofthestudentsarecleaningthelibrary.Somericeinthebaghasbeensoldout.any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseaskme.Thereisn'tanyorangeinthebottle.Haveyougotanytea?any和some也可以作代詞用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑問句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Ican'tseeany.Ifyouhavenomoney,I'lllendyousome.【注意】與some,any結(jié)合的詞如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。few,afew,little,alittle在用法上的區(qū)別1)用作形容詞：用法表示肯定表示否定用于可數(shù)名詞afew雖少，但有幾個few不多，幾乎沒有用于不可數(shù)名詞alittle，雖少，但有一點little不多，沒有什么I'mgoingtobuyafewapples.HecanspeakonlyalittleChinese.Thereisonlyalittlemilkintheglass.Hehasfewfriends.Theyhadlittlemoneywiththem.2)alittle和little也可以用作副詞，alittle表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。I'malittlehungry.(修飾形容詞hungry)Lethimsleepalittle.(修飾動詞sleep)Mary,goalittlefaster,please.(修飾副詞比較級)Shesleptverylittlelastnight.3.other,theother,another,others,theothers的區(qū)別。用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)不定another另一個others別人，其他人another(boy)另一個(男孩)other(boys)其他男孩特定theother另一個theothers其余那些人、物theother(boy)另一個男孩theother(boys)其余那些男孩other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別的”。Wherearehisotherbooks?Ihaven'tanyotherbooksexceptthisone.other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成“theother”，表示兩個人或物中的“另一個”。常與one搭配構(gòu)成“onetheother???”句型。Hehastwobrothers.Oneis10yearsold,theotheris5yearsold.Sheheldarulerinonehandandanexercise-bookintheother.other作代詞用時，可以有復(fù)數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與some搭配構(gòu)成“some????,others???”句型。Somewenttothecinema,otherswentswimming.Thiscoatistoolarge.Showmesomeothers,please.“theothers”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。Wegothomeby4o'clock,buttheothersdidn'tgetbackuntil8o'clock.InourclassonlyTomisEnglish,theothersareChinese.another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為另一個”，還可以跟代詞one.Youcanseeanothershipinthesea,can'tyou?Marydoesn'twanttobuythisskirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowheranotherone?6)another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。I'mstillhungryafterI'vehadthiscake.Pleasegivemeanother.4.every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1）可單獨使用1）不可單獨使用2）可做代名詞、形容詞2）僅作形容詞3）著重“個別”3）著重“全體”，毫無例外4）用于兩者或兩者以上中的每一個人或物4）用于三者或三者以上每一個人或物Theteachergaveatoytoeachchild.Eachballhasadifferentcolour.當(dāng)我們說eachchild,eachstudent或eachteacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。而當(dāng)我們說everychild和everystudent時，我們想到的是全體的情況,every的意思與all接近，表示他們都如此。EverystudentlovestheEnglishteacher.=AllstudentslovetheEnglishteacher.Everychildlikesplaying.=Allchildrenlikeplaying.5.all和both的用法。Dall指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)。在句中作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。AllofuslikeMrPope.我們都喜歡Pope先生。（作主語）=WealllikeMrPope.（作同位語）Allthewaterhasbeenusedup.（作主語）That'sallfortoday.（作表語）Whynoteatall（of）thefish?（作賓語）Alltheleadersarehere.（作定語）2）both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示“兩個都”。LucyandLilybothagreewithus.Theybothpassedontheirsticksatthesametime.Howareyourparents?They'rebothfine.與“of+代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。BothofthemcametoseeMary.Bothofthebooksareveryinteresting.單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。Michaelhastwosons.Bothareclever.Idon'tknowwhichbookisthebetter,Ishallreadboth.3）both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。Bothhisyoungersistersareourclassmates.Therearetalltreesonbothsidesofthestreet.六、相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有eachother和oneanother兩種形式。在當(dāng)代英語中，eachother和oneanother沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.（作賓語）Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?（作賓語）Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.（作定語）Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework.（作定語）七、疑問代詞疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：Whoisgoingtocomeheretomorrow?（作主語）Whatisthat?（作表語）Whoseumbrellaisthis?（作定語）Whomareyouwaitingfor?（作賓語）關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導(dǎo)從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有who,whose,whom,that,which.它們在句中可用作主語,表語,賓語,定語.在主句中,它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.I'mlookingatthephotographwhichyousentmewithyourletter.Withthemoneythathehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.Doyouknowtheladywhoisinterviewingourheadmaster?【演練】Tom,Pleasepasstheglasses.Iwanttoreadthenewspapers.A.youB.meC.himD.herTheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.fewYouwantsandwich?Yes,IusuallyeatalotwhenI'mhungry.A.otherB.anotherC.othersD.theotherThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan.A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.theirsWhichdoyouprefer,abottleoforangeorabottleofmilk?-->,thanks.I'dlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.NoneOh!Icameinahurryandforgottobringfood.Nevermind.Youcanhave.A.usB.oursC.youD.yoursCanIcomethiseveningortomorrowmorning?isOK.I'mfreetodayandtomorrow.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.NoneHowareyougoingtoimprovethisterm?Workharderthanlastterm.A.ourselvesB.myselfC.himselfD.yourselfCouldyoutellmesheislookingfor?Hercousin,Susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whichIshere?No.LiLeiandHanMeihaveaskedforleave.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobodyPaulhasfriendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.moreIfyouwanttobookaround-tripticket,you'llhavetopay$30.A.moreB.otherC.theotherD.anotherDoyoulivebyyourself,MrWang?Yes.Ihavetwosons.Butofthemliveswithme.TheyarenowstudyinginAmerica?A.neitherB.bothC.noneD.eitherHaveyousentyourparentsanE-mailtellingthemyouarrivedsafe?No.ofthemcanuseacomputer.A.NoneB.BothC.NeitherD.AllWhotaughtEnglishlastterm?WasMr.Smith?A.you;itB.you;heC.your;itD.your;thatThatwomanhasabaginherrighthand.What'sinherhand?A.anotherB.otherC.oneD.theotherWedecidedtogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof.A.usB?ourC?oursD?ourselvesIsthereabustothezoo?I'mafraidthere'sbustothezoo.A.noB.anyC.someD.noneYouforgotyourdictionary?Youmayhave.A.meB.myC.mineD.myselfThisisclassroom.Whereis?A.our;themB.us;theyC.our;theirsD.ours;theirs【練習(xí)答案】1.B2.D3.B4.C5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A11.C12.D13.A14.C15.A16.B17.C18.A19.C20.C專題六：介詞、連詞考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練介詞的功能介詞是一種虛詞，用來表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語，狀語，表語和賓語補足語。例如：TheboyoverthereisJohn'sbrother.（定語）Thegirlwillbebackintwohours.（狀語）OurEnglishteacherisfromAustralia.（表語）Helpyourselftosomefish.（賓語補足語）常用介詞的用法辨析（1）表時間的介詞1）at,inon表示時間點用at。例如：atsixo'clock,atnoon,atmidnight。表示在某個世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個季節(jié)以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時，用in。例如:intheninettenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時，用on。例如：onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning等。2）since,after由since和after引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點開始的時段，但since詞組表示的時段一直延續(xù)到說話的時刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。而after詞組所表示的時段純系過去，因而要與一般過去時連用。例如：Ihaven'theardfromhimsincelastsummer.Afterfivedaystheboycameback.in,afterin與將來時態(tài)連用時，表示“過多長時間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。After與將來時態(tài)連用時，后面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。After與過去時態(tài)連用時，后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。例如：Hewillbebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro'clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.表示地點的介詞at,in,onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。例如：HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.over,above,onover,on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸，一個在另一的上面。例如：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Weflewabovetheclouds.Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher'sdesk.across,throughacross和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān),表示動作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如：Thedogranacrossthegrass.Theboyswamacrosstheriver.Theywalkedthroughtheforest.Ipushedthroughthecrowds.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個范圍以外；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某個范圍以內(nèi)。例如：Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.介詞的固定搭配介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。介詞與動詞的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,turnoff,worryabout,thinkof,lookafter,spend.??on???，等。介詞與名詞的搭配ontime,intime,bybus,onfoot,withpleasure,onone'swayto,introuble,atbreakfast,attheendof,intheend等。介詞與形容詞的搭配belatefor,beafraidof,begoodat,beinterestedin,beangrywith,befullof,besorryfor等。連詞的功能用來連接詞，短語，從句或句子的詞叫連詞。連詞是一種虛詞，在句中不能單獨使用。連詞可分為兩類：并列連詞和從屬連詞。并列連詞并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞，短語或句子。常見的并列連詞有：表并列關(guān)系的and,both???and,notonly???butalso,neither.??nor等。表選擇關(guān)系的or,either???or等。表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,while等。表因果關(guān)系的for,so等。從屬連詞從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句。常見的從屬連詞有：⑴引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的after,before,when,while,as,until,till,since,assoona等。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if,unless等。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because,as,since等。引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的sothat,inorderthat等。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though,although,evenif等。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的sothat,so???that,such.?.that等。引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than,as.as等。引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that,if,whether等。7.常用連詞的用法辨析(1)while,when,as這三個連詞都可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，但用法有所不同。當(dāng)某事正在進(jìn)行的時候，又發(fā)生了另一件事。While,when,as都可用來引導(dǎo)表示“背景”的時間狀語從句。例如：As/When/WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetInoticedapolicecar.當(dāng)兩個長動作同時進(jìn)行的時候，最常用的是while。例如：Whilemotherwascookinglunch,Iwasdoingmyhomework.當(dāng)兩個動作都表示發(fā)展變化的情況時，最常用的是as。例如：Aschildrengetolder,theybecomemoreandmoreinterestedinthingsaroundthem.當(dāng)兩個短動作同時發(fā)生時，或表示“一邊…一邊???”時，最常用as。例如：Justashecaughtthefly,hegavealoudcry.Shelookedbehindfromtimetotimeasshewent當(dāng)從句的動作先于主句的動作時，通常用when。例如：Whenhefinishedhiswork,hetookashortrest.當(dāng)從句是瞬間動作，主句是延續(xù)性動作時，通常用when。例如：WhenJohnarrivedIwascookinglunch.(2)as,because,since,for這四個詞都可表原因，但用法有區(qū)別。1)如果原因構(gòu)成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引導(dǎo)的從句往往放在句末。例如：Istayedathomebecauseitrained.Whyaren'tyougoing?BecauseIdon'twantto.2)如果原因已被人們所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一點。As和since引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句子的開頭。例如：Ashewasn'tready,weleftwithouthim.SinceIhavenomoney,Ican'tbuyanyfood?3)for用來補充說明一種理由，因此，for引導(dǎo)的從句幾乎可以放在括號里。For引導(dǎo)的句子不放在句子的開頭。例如：IdecidedtostopandhavelunchforIwasfeelingquitehungry.⑶if,whetherif和whether都可作“是否”講，在引導(dǎo)賓與從句是一般可互換。例如：Iwonderwhether(if)youstillstudyinthatschool.Idon'tknowwhether(if)helikesthatfilm.在下列情況下，只能用whether不能用if：引導(dǎo)主語從句時。例如：Whetherhewillcometothepartyisunknown.引導(dǎo)表語從句時。例如：ThequestioniswhetherIcanpasstheexam.在不定式前。例如：Ihaven'tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.(4)so???that,such??.thatso???that中的so是個副詞，其后只能跟形容詞或副詞，而such???that中的such是個形容詞，后接名詞或名詞短語。例如：I'msotiredthatIcan'twalkanyfarther.Itwassuchawarmdaythathewentswimming.如果在名詞之前有many,much,little,few時，用so,不用such。例如：Hehassolittleeducationthatheisunabletogetajob.IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.(5)either.??or???，neither??.nor,notonly.?.butalso.??這三個連詞詞組都可連接兩個并列成分。當(dāng)它們連接兩個并列主語時，謂語動詞要隨相鄰的主語變化。例如：Eitheryouorheiswrong.Neitherhenorhischildrenlikefish.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentswanttobuythebook.⑹although,but這兩個連詞不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說“Althoughheisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers?”這個句子應(yīng)改為：Althoughheisoversixty,heworksashardasothers.或Heisoversixty,butheworksashardasothers.because,so這兩個連詞同樣不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說“BecauseJohnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor?”這個句子應(yīng)改為BecauseJohnwasill,Itookhimtothedoctor.或Johnwasill,soItookhimtothedoctor.【演練】WetraveledovernighttoParisandarrived5o'clockthemorning.A?on;inB?at;inC.at;onD?in;onWhere'sLily?Weareallhereher.A.besideB.aboutC.exceptD.withShesentherfriendapostcardabirthdaypresent.A.onB.asC.forD.ofJackhasstudiedChineseinthisschooltheyearof2000.A.sinceB.inC.onD.byWhatisawritingbrush,doyouknow?It'swritinganddrawing.A.withB.toC.forD.byEnglishiswidelyusedtravellersandbusinesspeopleallovertheworld.A.toB.forC.asD.bythehelpofmyteacher,Icaughtupwiththeotherstudents.A.UnderB.InC.WithD.OnHongKongisthesouthofChina,andMacaoisthewestofHongKong.A.in;toB.to;toC.to;inD.in;inYou'dbetternotgooutnow.It'sraining.Itdoesn'tmatter?Mynewcoatcankeeprain?A.inB.ofC.withD.offJapanliestheeastofChina.A.toB.inC.aboutD.atWilltheforeignershaveanyproblemstalkingwithChinesein2008?1don'tthinkso.NowtheyoungtheoldcanspeaksomeEnglish.A?either.??orB.notonly.??butalsoC?neither.?norD?both…orWedidn'tcatchthetrainweleftlate.A.soB.becauseC.butD.thoughTomfailedintheexamagainhewantedtopassitverymuch.A.ifB.soC.thoughD.asIwon'tbelievethatthefive-year-oldboycanreadfivethousandwordsIhavetestedhimmyself.A.afterB.whenC.ifD.untilThebookwassointerestingthathehadreaditforthreehoursherealizedit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.beforeThisdresswaslastyear'sstyle.Ithinkitstilllooksperfectithasgoneoutthisyear.A.sothatB.eventhoughC.asifD.eversinceHurryup,youwillmissthetrain.A.andB.soC.howeverD.orThemountainwassteepfewpeopleinourcityreachedthetop.A?so???asB.so???thatC?as???asD?too???toDoyourememberourpleasantjourneytoXi'an?Ofcourse.Iremembereverythingithappenedyesterday.A.assoonasB.eventhoughC.ratherthanD.asifyoucan'tanswerthisquestion,wehavetoasksomeoneelseforhelp?A.AlthoughB.WhileC.WhetherD.Since【練習(xí)答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A5?C6.D7.C8.A9.D10.A11.B12.B13.C14.D15.D16.B17.D18.B19.D20.D專題七：英語句子的考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點睛】-.陳述句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法陳述句：陳述句是用來陳述一個事實或表達(dá)說話人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降調(diào)，句末用句號“?”。Tomhasanewcar.Theflowerisn'tbeautiful.陳述句否定式的構(gòu)成（1）如果肯定陳述句的謂語部分含有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或連系動詞be，則只需在這些動詞后加not即可構(gòu)成否定式。Heisplayingtheguitar.（肯定）Heisnotplayingtheguitar.（否定）Wecangettherebeforedark.（肯定）Wecan'tgettheebeforedark.（否定）（2）如果陳述句的謂語動詞是實義動詞，而其中又沒有情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，則需根據(jù)人稱和時態(tài)在該實義動詞前加don't,doesn't或didn't。同時把該實義動詞變?yōu)樵?。Heplaystheviolinwell.（肯定）Hedoesn'tplaytheviolinwell.（否定）Shewonthegame.（肯定）Shedidn'twinthegame.（否定）⑶如果句子是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)或謂語動詞是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要變?yōu)閍ny。例如：Thereissomewaterinthecup?—Thereisnotanywaterinthecup?Hehassomebooks?—Hehasnotanybooks?（4）除not以外，否定詞no,never,nothing,nobody,few等也可構(gòu)成否定句。例如：Thereissomethingwrongwithhisbike.—Thereisnothingwrongwithhisbike.Ihaveseenthefilm.—Ihaveneverseenthefilm.二.祈使句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法祈使句是用來表示命令、請求、建議、號召等的句子，謂語動詞用原形，句末用感嘆號“！”或句號“?”。朗讀時一般用降調(diào)。肯定的祈使句：（1）祈使句主語是you時，you常省略，但如果要特別強調(diào)對方或表達(dá)某種強烈的情緒時可以有主語或稱呼語。Bequiet.Youbequiet!（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一種強烈的感情或請求，do起強調(diào)作用。Docomebackatonce!Dobecareful.（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一種客氣的語氣，但please用在句末時，必須用逗號與其余部分分開。Openthewindow,please.（4）Let引導(dǎo)祈使句時，后面需跟上人稱代詞或稱呼語，人稱代詞一般只用第一、第三人稱。LetJackwaitaminute.Let'sgotoschool.（5）在祈使句中，Let's和Letus是有區(qū)別的。Let's包括說話者，而Letus

不包括聽話者在內(nèi)。這點從反意疑問句時可明顯看出。Let'sgoskating,shallwe?（表示內(nèi)部的建議）Letustryagain,willyou?（表示向別人發(fā)出請求）2.否定祈使句通常以Don't或Never開頭。其結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：“Don't（Never）+動詞原形+其他成分”例如：Don'tdothatagain!Neverleavetoday'sworkfortomorrow!Don'tbelatenexttime!三.一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句的構(gòu)成形式及基本用法一般疑問句：（1）一般疑問句的肯定形式一般疑問句一般是指以助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞或have（有）開始,

通常要求以yes,或no來回答的疑問句，一般疑問句讀時通常用升調(diào)。DoyouknowMr.Smith?Canyouswim?（2）—般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)①在一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，把副詞not放在一般疑問句的主語之后。但如果用not的簡略形式-n't,則須將-n't與一般疑問句句首的be,have，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞寫在一起。在實際運用中，一般都采用簡略式。Areyounotafootballfan?Aren'tyouafootballfan?Willshenotlikeit?Won'tshelikeit?②與漢語不同的是，英語一般疑問句否定結(jié)構(gòu)的答語是否定還是肯定，全由答語的否定或肯定來決定。若答語是肯定的，則用yes加肯定結(jié)構(gòu)；若答語是否定的，則用no加否定結(jié)構(gòu)。Aren'tyouafootballfan?你不是足球迷嗎？Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Won'tshelikeit?Yes,shewill.No,shewon't.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由“疑問代詞或疑問副詞+—般疑問句”構(gòu)成，句子一般用倒裝語序，但如果主語是疑問代詞或由疑問代詞修飾時，用陳述句的語序。特殊疑問句不能用yes或no回答，讀時用降調(diào)。例如：Whoisondutytoday?HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?Whattimedoyougetupeverymorning?WhatmustIdonow?常用的特殊疑問句詢問內(nèi)容疑問詞或句型例句回答職業(yè)，身份whatWhatisyourfather?Heisadoctor.姓名或關(guān)系whoWhoisthatboy?HeisJack.Heismybrother相貌特征what.?.like?Whatisshelike?Whatdoesshelooklike?Sheisbeautiful.目的what???for?Whatdidtheycomeherefor?Toattendameeting.原因whyWhydidtheycomeBecausetheyhavea

here?meetingtoattend.天氣howwhat…like?Howistheweathertoday?Whatistheweatherliketoday?It'sfine.顏色whatcolor…？Whatdolorisherskirt?It'sred.服裝尺寸whatsizeWhatsizedoeshewear?Hewars40.幾點鐘whattimeWhattimeisit?It's7:30.星期幾whatdayWhatdayistoday?It'sTuesday.幾號，日期whatisthedate???？Whatisthedatetoday?It'sMay2.年齡（多大）howoldHowoldishe?Heis38.持續(xù)多長時間（多久）howlongHowlonghaveyoubeenhere?Forfivemonths.長度（多長）howlongHowlongisthebridge?It's500metres?距離（多遠(yuǎn)）howfarHowfarisitfromheretothezoo?It's6kilometres?頻度（多經(jīng)常）howoftenHowoftendoyoucomeback?Onceaweek.時間經(jīng)過（多快）howsoonHowsoonwillshearrive?Inanweek.數(shù)量（多少）howmany（可數(shù)名詞）howmuch（不Howmanyjacketsdoyouhave?HowmuchcoffeedoThree.Twocups.可數(shù)名詞）youwant?價格howmuchHowmuchisit?Howmuchdoesitcost?Fivedollars.高度（多高）howtall（人，樹）howhigh（山，建筑物）Howtallisshe?Howhighisthetower?She's1.73metres?It's450metres?選擇疑問句：選擇疑問句是說話者提出兩種或兩種以上的不同情況，讓對方選擇回答的疑問句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問句+選擇部分”。選擇部分由or連接，or前面的部分讀升調(diào)，or后面的部分讀降調(diào)。選擇疑問句不能用yes或no回答，而必須具體的選擇答復(fù)。Isyourbagyelloworblack?It'sblack.Wouldyoulikesometeaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.Whichdoyoulikebetter,singingordancing?Ilikedancingbetter.反意疑問句：反意疑問句是指在陳述句之后附加一個意思與之相反的簡短問句，問對方是否贊同的疑問句。附加問句的否定式必須縮寫。（1）肯定的陳述句后跟否定的附加問句，否定的陳述句后跟肯定的附加問句。Iamyourteacher,aren'tI?Hedidn'tstudyhard,didhe?（2）如果陳述句中含有否定副詞never（從不，決不），hardly（幾乎不）或其他表示否定代詞或形容詞，如nothing,nonenoone,nobody,neither,few,little等，則附加問句只能用肯定式。如：Theyhardlywritetoeachother,dothey?Hehasfoundnothing,hashe?Fewpeopleknewthesecret,didthey?（3）當(dāng)反意疑問句是“否定陳述句+肯定附加問句”時，英語與漢語的回答習(xí)慣存在差異。英語回答時只看實際情況，若答語的具體內(nèi)容是肯定的就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”，答語的具體內(nèi)容是否定的就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”，而譯成漢語時，則必須把yes譯“不是”，把no譯成“是的”。Youwon'tbeawayforlong,willyou?你不會離開太久，是嗎？Yes,Iwill.不，我會離開很久。No,Iwon't.是的，我不會離開很久。1don'tthinkshe'llcomebybike,willshe?我認(rèn)為她不會騎自行車，會嗎？Yes,shewill?不，她會騎自行車來。No,shewon't.是的，她不會騎自行車來。四.由what,how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的構(gòu)成形式、用法及區(qū)別感嘆句是表示喜、怒、哀、樂以及驚異等感情的句子。句末用感嘆號“！”，讀時用降調(diào)，感嘆句往往由what或how引導(dǎo)，what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞。what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（1）what+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）Whatabeautifulcityitis!Whataninterestingstoryshetold!（2）what+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）Whatexpensivewatchestheyare!Whatterribleweatheritis!How引導(dǎo)的感嘆句：（1）How+形容詞/副詞+陳述句（主語+謂語）Howcolditis!Howhardheworks!（2）How+陳述句（主語+謂語）Howheloveshisson!HowImissyou!(3)How+形容詞+aan+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+陳述句(主語+謂語)Howtallatreeitis!（4）上述兩種感嘆句可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。例如：Whatacleverboyheis!iHowclevertheboyis!Whatacolddayitis!—Howcolditis!演練】Excuseme,isthenearestbookshop?Godownthestreetandturnleftatthesecondcorner.howB.whatC.whereD.whoisitfromourschooltotheBellTower?Abouthalfanhour'sbusride.Shallwegoandvisitit?HowlongB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.HowmuchLindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?No.Shegotuptoolate.hadsheB.hadn'tsheC.didsheD.didn'tsheTheroomissodirty.wecleanit?Ofcourse.WillB.WouldC.DoD.Shall,sir?Size41,IthinkA.WhatsizedoyouneedB.WhatcanIdoforyouC.HowdoyoulikethisshirtD.What'sthematterwithyougoodweather!Whynotgooutforawalk?A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.HowaIt'sanicecar.haveyoubeeninit?JusttoShanghai.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.HowfartotheUnitedStates?No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsago.A.HaveyoubeenB.HaveyougoneC.DidyougoD.Willyougowereyouawayfromschoollastyear?Abouttwoweeks.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.HowlongD.Whendoyouwant?IwantaCDofpopularsongs.WhichCDB.HowmanyCDsC.WhatCDD.Howmuchisyourmother,ateacheroradoctor?WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.whoseisyourmothertoday,Jim?Sheismuchbetter.A.HowB.WhatC.WhereD.Howoldheatthisschoollastterm?Yes,Ithinkso.A.Did.?.studyB.Does.?.studyC.Was???studyD.Did.studieddidyoubegintolearnEnglish?Threeyearsago.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhereD.Whatdoyouwritetoyourpen-friend?Onceaweek.A.HowlongB.HowsoonC.HowfarD.Howoftenniceflowers!Wheredidyoupickthem?A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.HowaThesickman'sallowedtotakeawalkinthegardeneveryday,A.isheB.isn'theC.hasheD.hasn'thecrosstheroadbeforethetrafficlightsturngreen.A.NotB.Won'tC.Don'tD.Doesn'tHefoundnothingintheroom,?A.doesn'theB.doesheC.didn'theD.didheA.doesn'theB.doesheC.didn'theD.didheYouhaven'tchangedyourmind,A.doyouareyouA.doyouareyouC.haveyou練習(xí)答案】C.haveyou練習(xí)答案】D.didyou1?C2.C3.C4.D5.A6.A7.D8.A9.C10.C11.A12.A13.A14.A15.D16.B17.BC19.D20.C專題八：賓語從句考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練賓語從句的種類賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動詞的賓語，或介詞的賓語，或形容詞的賓語。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的不同連詞，賓語從句可分為三類。由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。That只有語法作用，沒有實在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.由連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序應(yīng)為陳述句的語序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeeting.賓語從句的時態(tài)如果主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，賓語從句該用什麼時態(tài)就用什麼時態(tài)。例如:Idon'tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時，賓語從句只能用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)(一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時)。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.如果賓語從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.【演練】Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdowhatTomwilldoD.whatTomdidIwanttoknow.A.whatishisnameB.what'shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameisDoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.whichJimdoesn'tunderstand.A.whichisthewaytothemuseumwhyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingwhatisthewaytothemuseumwhydoesshealwaysgoshoppingCouldyoutellmesheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whichMr.Kingdidn'tknowyesterdayevening.whendoeshissoncomehomewhenhissoncomeshomewhendidhissoncomehomewhenhissoncamehomeCouldyoutellmethebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemendI'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whatExcuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It'snexttoahospital.howwecangettothepostofficehowcanwegettothepostofficehowgettothepostofficehowcouldwegettothepostofficeCanIhelpyou?Yes.I'dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwillD.howlongwillitHewantedtoknow.

A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingwhenthemeetingwouldstartwhathe'sgoingtodoatthemeetingwherewouldthemeetingbeheldCouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?-Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisitWouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddo14.Youcan'timagineC.whatweshoulddo14.Youcan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedIwanttoknowyouwillcomebackat&00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whetherCouldyoutellme?Sorry,Idon'tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingwhatdidhesayatthemeetingwhathesaysatthemeetingwhathesaidatthemeetingCouldyoutellmelastnight?-Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingwhatareyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingwhatareyoudoingTheteacheraskedthestudentsiftheywereinterestedindinosaurswhenwasAlbertEinsteinbornwhattheywilldowiththecomputershowmanytreestheyhaveplantedEverymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhadIt'suptoyoutodecideyou'llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when【練習(xí)答案】1?C2.D3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9?A10.C11.B12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.A18.A19.C20.A專題九：狀語從句的考點集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點睛】用來修飾主句中的動詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語從句。根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句，地點狀語從句，條件狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，比較狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句。1.時間狀語從句時間狀語從句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等連詞來引導(dǎo)。例如：Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.在時間狀語從句里，通常不用將來時態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：I'llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon'tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在帶有till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主從復(fù)合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含義是“一直到……時”，謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。如果主句用否定式，其含義是“直到……才……”,“在??????以前不??????”，謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Let'swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon'tstartuntilBobcomes?Don'tgetoffuntilthebusstops.條件狀語從句條件狀語從句通常由if,unless引導(dǎo)。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don'tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto?在條件狀語從句里，謂語動詞通常用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：I'llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon'tbelateunlessheisill.“祈使句+and(or)+陳述句”在意思上相當(dāng)于一個帶有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.=Ifyoudon'thurryup,you'llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.原因狀語從句(1)原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as引導(dǎo)。例如：Hedidn'tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan'tanswerthequestion,I'llasksomeoneelse.because表示直接原因，語氣最強。Because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的問題，只能用because。As和since語氣較弱，一般用來表示明顯的原因。由as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從居多放在句首。例如：Whyaren'tgoingthere?BecauseIdon'twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan'tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan'tbuyit.because和so不能同用在一個句子里。結(jié)果狀語從句⑴結(jié)果狀語從句由so???that,such.?.that,sothat引導(dǎo)。例如：Heissopoorthathecan'tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn'tseeit.⑵so.that語such???that可以互換。例如：在由so???that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，so是副詞，與形容詞連用。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：“???so+形容詞(副詞)+that+從句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn'tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such.that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，such是形容詞，它修飾的可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞；名詞前面可以帶形容詞，也可不帶。如果是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面需加不定冠詞a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling?Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有時上述兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是可以互換的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.(3)如果名詞前由many,much,little,few等詞修飾時，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan'tgotothecinemawithyou.比較狀語從句比較狀語從句通常由as???as,比較級+than.??等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.目的狀語從句⑴目的狀語從句通常由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。區(qū)別這兩種從句的辦法有兩個：1)目的狀語從句里往往帶有情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might等。2)從意思上看，目的狀語從句往往表示的目的很明確。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的狀語從句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(結(jié)果狀語從句)讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句通常由although,though等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.although(though)不能用在同一個句子中。例如：我們不能說：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.應(yīng)該說：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常常由where來引導(dǎo)。例如：Gowhereyoulike.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.演練】一.單項填空1.he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2.Doyouknowifhetoplaybasketballwithus?1thinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.A?comes;isB?comes;willbeC.willcome;isD?willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachildintothewaterandcan'tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeuphim.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpWherethereisawill,thereisaway.演練】一.單項填空1.he'sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2.Doyouknowifhetoplaybasketballwithus?1thinkhewillcomeifhefreetomorrow.A?comes;isB?comes;willbeC.willcome;isD?willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachildintothewaterandcan'tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeuphim.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4?Idon'trememberheworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.whoWewillstayathomeifmyaunttovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming6.Thepoliceaskedthechildrencrossthestreetthetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don't;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.Iwaslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmy7.Iwaslateforclassyesterdaytherewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.becausefreetomorrow.8?I'llgoswimmingwithyouifIfreetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was9.Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyouwill9.Intheexam,theyouare,themistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;lessYoushouldfinishyourlessonsyougoouttopaly.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.whileIhurriedIwouldn'tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unlessWhenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamarkyouhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.thoughTheteacherraisedhisvoiceallthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorderHetookoffhiscoathefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.sinceItisthatwe'dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyadayMaryhadmuchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD?veryIfeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asifthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.Aswellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.ThemomentWritetomeassoo