2021年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷） 英語

普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷）

英語

本試卷分為第I卷（選擇題）和第II卷（非選擇題）兩部分?？荚嚂r(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分

150分。

第I卷（共103分）

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Atthe

endofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,

readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper;anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothe

questionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Apolicewoman.B.Ajudge.C.Areporter.D.Awaitress.

2.A.Confident.B.Puzzled.C.Satisfied.D.Worried.

3.A.Atarestaurant.B.Atacarrentalagency.

C.Inabank.D.Inadrivingschool.

4.A.Adisaster.B.Anewroof.C.Aperformance.D.ATVstation.

5.A.Catchthetrain.B.MeetJane.

C.Getsomestationery.D.Cleanthebackyard.

6.A.Askforsomethingcheaper.B.Buythevaseshereallylikes.

C.Protectherselffrombeinghurt.D.Bargainwiththeshopassistant.

7.A.Useacomputerinthelab.B.Takeachemistrycourse.

C.Helphimrevisehisreport.D.Gethercomputerrepaired.

8.A.Amused.B.Embarrassed.

C.Shocked.D.Sympathetic.

9.A.Shedoesn'tplantocontinuestudyingnextyear.

B.Shehasalreadytoldthemanaboutherplan.

C.Sheisn'tplanningtoleaveheruniversity.

D.Sherecentlyvisitedadifferentuniversity.

10.A.Itspokehighlyofthemayor.

B.Itmisinterpretedthemayor'sspeech.

C.Itmadethemayor'sviewclearer.

D.Itcarriedthemayor'sspeechaccurately.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedthreequestions

oneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhich

onewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.70.B.20.C.25.D.75.

12.A.Thehousestherecan'tbesold.B.Itisaplaceforworkandholiday.

C.Thecabinsandfacilitiesareshared.D.Itisrunbytheresidentsthemselves.

13.A.Askiingresort.B.Aspecialcommunity.

C.Asplendidmountain.D.Asuccessfulbusinesswoman.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingnews.

14.A.Thosewhooftensenttextmessages.B.Thosewhosufferedfromheartdisease.

C.Thosewhodidnophysicalexercise.D.Thosewhowereunmarried.

15.A.Theyrespondedmoreslowlythanusual.B.Theysentmoremessages.

C.Theytyped10percentfasteronaverage.D.Theyeditedmorepassages.

16.A.Whychemicaltherapyworks.

B.Whymarriagehelpsfightcancer.

C.Howunmarriedpeoplesurvivecancer.

D.Howcancerisdetectedaftermarriage.

SectionC

Directions:InSectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbe

readtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblanks

withtheinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.

Blanks17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

Travellers'SurveySheet

Travelpurpose:fora(n)17inLondon

Commentsontheairportenvironment/facilities:

Likes:?18

?19walkways

Dislikes:?20shops

,smalltrolleys

Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.

Whatiscriticalthinkinginreading?Assessingthewriter'sideasandthinkingabout

the21ofwhatthewriterissaying.

WhatisthefirststepinreadinganacademicFindingouttheargumentandthewriter's

textcritically?mainlineof22.

Whatmayserveastheevidence?23,surveyresults,examples,etc

Whatisthekeytocriticalthinking?Toreadactivelyand24

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherent

andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproper

formofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

(A)

MyStayinNewYork

Aftergraduationfromuniversity,Ihadbeenunabletosecureapermanentjobinmysmall

town.SoIdecidedtoleavehomeforNewYork,(25)Imighthaveabetterchancetofind

agoodjob.(26)(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedworkinalocal

cafeasawaiter.Ibelievethat(27)Iwasofferedagoodposition,Iwould

resignatonce.

SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,I

haddifficulty(31)(adapt)myselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomy

delight.Afterninemonthsoffrustration,Ieventuallydecidedtogobacktomysmalltown.

NotuntilIreturned(32)Irealizethataquiettownlifewasthebestforme.

(B)

Thegiantvendingmachine(自動(dòng)售貨機(jī))isanewvillageshop

Villagershavelongbeenusedtofacingadrivewhentheyrunoutofbasicsupplies.However,

helpisnownearerathandinformofthecountry'sfirstautomaticpush-buttonshop.Now

residentsintheDerbyshireVillageofCliftoncanbuygroceriesaroundtheclockafterthehuge

vendingwasinstalledoutsideapubinthevillagethisweek.

PeterFox,whois(33)electricalengineer;spenttwoandahalfyearsworkingonthe

project.Themachine(34)(equip)withsecuringcamerasandalarmsandlookslikeamini

shopwithabrickfront,agreyroofandadisplaywindow.

Mr.Foxsaidhehopedhisinvention,(35)issettobeinstalledinotherv川agesinthe

areaoverthecomingmonths,willmarkareturntoconvenienceshoppingforruralcommunities.

Hesaid:"IhadthisideaafewyearsagobutIcouldn'tfindamanufacturewhocoulddeliverwhat

Iwanted,soIdiditby(36).Theresultiswhatamountstohugeoutdoorvendingmachine.

YetIthinktheterm"/automaticshop"isfar(37)(appropriate)

Inrecentyears,thecommercialpressurefromsupermarketchains(38)(force)village

shopsacrossthecountrytoclose.In2010,itwasestimatedthatabout400villageshops

closed,(39)(urge)thelocalgovernmenttogivefinancialsupporttostrugglingshopsor

set-upnewcommunitiesstores.

Hundredsofcommunitieshavesincesteppedinandopeneduptheirwonvolunteer-run

shops,butMr.Foxhopeshisnewinventionwillofferasolution(40)thosevillages

withoutalocalshop.

SectionB

A.alertB.classifyC.commitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.impose

G.labelsH.moderation1.relieveJ.signalsK.simply

Governmentsdon'thaveto44healthierlifestylesthroughlawsforexample,smoking

bans.Rather;ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitect-onethatencouragesusto

choosewhatisbest-wewilldotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgently

pushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisidea

combinesfreedomtochoosewith45hintsfromchoicearchitects,whoaimtohelppeople

livelonger;healthier;andhappierlives.

TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-called"trafficlightsystem"

to46foodsashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehow

muchfat,sugar,andsalteachproductcontains47bylookingatthelightsonthepackage.A

greenlight48thattheamountsofthethreenutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthe

customershouldbe49;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethree

nutrientsandshouldbeeatenin50.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,but

isstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,

CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussion

oftheculturalorpoliticalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejust

watchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,butplainandsimple51.

Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe52dowithit?We

gossip.Aboutothers'behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who's

inandwho'sout-andwhy;howtodealwithdifficult53situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,

andcolleagues.

Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe58ofthehigherprimates(靈長類動(dòng)

物)likemonkeys.Bymeansofgrooming-cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroups

withotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflict

withinthegroupor59fromoutsideit.

51.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language

52.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally

53.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural

54.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters

55.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult

56.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens

57.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult

58.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behaviour

59.A.attackB.contactC.inspectionD.assistance

60.A.recallsB.deniesC.concludesD.confesses

61.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadershipD.protection

62.A.measureB.showC.maintainD.ease

63.A.savedB.extendedC.consumedD.gained

64.A.commonB.efficientC.scientificD.Thoughtful

65.A.indirectB.dailyC.physicalD.secret

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe

onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNature

agree?Animalscan'ttalk,butcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeir

chiatpanzef

bodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlying,buttheydoagreethatmanyanimals,

frombirdstochimpanzees,behavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?Dishonestyo代en

helpsthemsurvive.

Anotherkindofbird,thescrubjay,buriesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrub

jaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjays

seemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.Sotheygobacklater;unburythefood,andburyit

againsomewhereelse.

Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?They

don*tmakenests.Instead,theygetintootherbirds'nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsand

flyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeout,theiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.

Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky.Afterafight,thelosingchimpwillgiveitshand

totheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshand,too,thechimpsarefriendlyagain.But

ananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.

Chimpsaresneakyinotherways,too.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylove,suchas

bananas,itisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.Butsomeclever

chimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfood.Thatway,otherchimpsdon'thear

them,andtheydon'tneedtosharetheirfood.

Aschildren,manyofuslearnthesaying"Youcan'tfoolMotherNature."Butmaybeyou

can'ttrusther,either.

66.Aploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby.

A.gettingclosertoitsyoung

B.drivingawaytheadultpredator

C.leavingitsyounginanothernest

D.pretendingtobeinjured

67.By"Chimpanzees,orchimps,canalsobesneaky"(paragraph5),theauthormeans.

A.chimpsarereadytoattackothers

C.chimpsarejealousofthewinners

D.chimpscanbeselfishtoo

68.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.

B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shand.

C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.

D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.

69.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Doanimalslie?

B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?

C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?

D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?

(B)

判G亡

RESOLUTNIOENWTHYAETALARS'TSS

Let'ssayyouwanttohitthegymmoreregularlythisyear.Howdoyoumakethathappen?

Considerputtingthehabitlooptouse.

Here'showitworks:

Ahabitisa3-stepprocess.First,there'sacue,somethingthattellsyourbraintooperate

automatically.Thenthere'saroutine.Andfinally,areward,whichhelpsyourbrainlearntodesire

thebehavior.It*swhatyoucanusetocreate-orbreak-habitsofyourown.

Here'showtoapplyit:

Chooseacue,likeleavingyourrunningshoesbythedoor,thenpick.areward-say,apieceof

chocolatewhenyougethomefromthegym.Thatway,thecueandtherewardbecome

interconnected.Finally,whenyouseetheshoes,yourbrainwillstartlongingforthereward,

whichwillmakeiteasiertoworkoutdayafterday.Thebestpart?Inacoupleofweeks,you

won'tneedthechocolateatall.Yourbrainwillcometoseetheworkoutitselfasthereward.

Whichisthewholepoint,right?

THEHABITLOOP

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findonetluitwortou

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NewYear*?resolutioninTryitforaweek.

towriteitdown.Thankuslater.

7O.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsintheboxwitha"?"inTHEHABITLOOP?

A.Pickanewcue.B.Formanewhabit.

C.Chooseanewreward.D.Designanewresolution.

71.AccordingtoTHEHABITLOOP,youcansticktoyourplanmosteffectivelyby

A.changingtheroutineB.tryingitforaweek

C.adjustingyourgoalD.writingitdown

72.What'sthepurposeofputtingthehabitlooptouse?

A.Totestoutdifferentkindsofcues.

B.Todosomethingasahabitevenwithoutrewards.

C.ToworkoutthebestNewYear'sresolution.

D.Tomotivateyourselfwithsatisfactoryrewards.

73.“ThisyearwhenIseetheHarryPotterposter;Iwillread30pagesofanEnglishnovelor

anEnglishnewspaperinordertowatchTVforhalfanhour."Whatisthecueinthisresolution?

A.TheHarryPotterposter.B.Reading30pagesofanEnglishnovel.

C.AnEnglishnewspaper.D.WatchingTVforhalfanhour.

(C)

Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?A

fewpeoplehaveexperiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thanks

toanunusualvirtualreality(虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí))device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasone

oftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBeAnotherlab,aprojectdevelopedby

agroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner;anactor;usingamachine

calledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman,"AsIlookeddown,Isawmy

wholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIremember

best."

Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraon

thetop.Thevideofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexact

viewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesherarm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.

Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participants

startbyraisingtheirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,this

kindofslowsynchronised(同步的)movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystart

tofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanotherperson'sbody.

ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult."Attheendof

bodyswapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarms,"saysArthurPointeau,a

programmerwiththeproject,"It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,

reallyrecommendittoeveryone."

74.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting

75.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat.

A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperience

B.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodies

C.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperiment

D.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes

76.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontrola

darkskinneddigitalcharacter,.

A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracism

B.theyscoredloweronthetestforracism

C.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramatically

D.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem

77.ltcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreams

B.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperiments

C.virtualrealityhelpspromoteunderstandingamongpeople

D.ourpointsofviewaboutothersneedchangingconstantly

SectionC

Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsin

thefewestpossiblewords.

Moneyaloneisnottheanswerwhencompaniescomeunderattackfortheirbehavior.

HencethesecondlayerofCSR,whichisabranchofriskmanagement.Startinginthe1980s,with

environmentaldisasterssuchastheexplosionatBhopalandtheExxonValdezoilspill,industry

afterindustryhassufferedblowstoitsreputation.

So,companiesoftenrespondedbytryingtomanagetherisks.Theytalkto

non-governmentalorganisations（NGOs）andtogovernments,createcodesofconduct（行為準(zhǔn)則）

anddevotethemselvestomoretransparency（透明）intheiroperations.Increasingly,too.they,

alongwiththeircompetitors,setcommonrulestospreadrisks.

Allthisislargelydefensive,buttherearealsoopportunitiesforthosethatgetaheadofthe

game.TheemphasisonopportunityisthethirdlayerofCSR:theideathatitcanhelptocreate

value.Ifapproachedinastrategicway,CSRcouldbecomepartofacompany'scompetitive

advantage.Thatisjustthesortofthingchiefexecutivesliketohear.Theideaof"doingwellby

doinggood"hasbecomepopular.

Nevertheless,thebusinessoftryingtobegoodisbringingdifficultquestionstoexecutives.

CanyoumeasureCSRperformance?ShouldyoubecooperatingwithNGOsandyou'reyour

competitors?Isthereanyreallycompetitiveadvantagetobehadfromagreenstrategy?

Corporatesocialresponsibilityisnowseenasamainstream.Bigcompanieswanttotellthe

worldabouttheirgoodcitizenshipwiththeirdevotiontosocialresponsibilities.Donebadly,CSR

isoftenjustwindow-dressingandcanbepositivelyharmful.Donewell,though,itisnotsome

separateactivitythatcompaniesdoontheside,acornerofcorporatelifereservedforvirtue(美

德)：itisjustgoodbusiness.

(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS)

78.Bothinsomecompaniesfinditnolongerenoughtosimplydonatemoneyto

charities.

79.Giveoneexampleofthedefensivemeasuresofriskmanagementaccordingtothepassage.

8O.Withtheemphasisonopportunity,thethirdlayerofCSRismeantto.

81.Accordingtothepassage,"goodbusiness"(paragraph6)meansthatcorporations

whilemakingprofits.

第II卷(共47分)

I.Translation

Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.

1.我習(xí)慣睡前聽點(diǎn)輕音樂。(accustomed)

2.將來過怎樣的生活取決于你自己。(beupto)

3.沒有什么比獲準(zhǔn)參加太空旅行項(xiàng)目更令人興奮的了。(than)

4.家長囑咐孩子別在河邊嬉戲，以免遭遇不測。(forfear)

5.雖然現(xiàn)代社會(huì)物資豐富，給予消費(fèi)者更多的選擇，但也使不少人變成購物狂。(turn)

II.GuidedWriting

Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven

belowinChinese.

學(xué)校英語報(bào)正在醞釀改版，擬從現(xiàn)有的三個(gè)欄目（健康、娛樂、文化）中去除一個(gè)，并

從三個(gè)備選欄目（時(shí)尚、職業(yè)規(guī)劃、讀者反饋）中挑選一個(gè)納入該報(bào)。假設(shè)你是該校學(xué)生程

飛，給校報(bào)編輯寫一封電子郵件，表達(dá)你的觀點(diǎn)。郵件須包括以下內(nèi)容：

1.你建議去除的欄目及去除的理由；

2.你建議增加的欄目及增加的理由。

2014年上海英語參考答案