Unit+3+ 4+單元過關(guān)卷 高三英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊

高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)單元過關(guān)卷選擇性必修三Unit3-Unit4（A）第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）一、閱讀理解ACaringforournaturalworldisabigjobbuttherearelotsoflittlethingsthatwecandotomakeadifference!Whatwillyoutry?Maybeyouhavesomegreattipstosharetoo?Youcansendusanemailandletusknow!HowtouselessplasticPlasticwasteisbadnewsfortheseaandforwildlife.Here’swhatyoucandoaboutit.MakeartfrombeachlitterCarolineBondisabeachcleanerfromEastSussex.Shealsomakesartfromthelittershecollectsfrombeaches!GoonalitterpickorbeachcleanDoingalitterpickinyourlocalareawillhelpkeepwildlifesafefromharm.HowtoconservewaterIfwealldoourpartinconservingpreciouswatersupplies,wecanmakeahugedifferencefortheenvironment.TheproblemwithballoonsBalloonreleasesaredisastrousforwildlife.Here’swhytoavoidthemandsomegreateco-alternativestoballoons!Recycling—whatdifferencedoesitmake?Whetheryoudropacanofpopintoawasteorrecyclingbin,it’seasytothinkthatthissmallacthasnorealconsequence.Afterall,…PalmoilandwhyitmattersPalmoilisatypeofvegetableoilbutsadlyalotoftropicalhabitatisbeingdestroyedtomakeit.Thismeansmanyanimalsare...Earth’sMightiestHeroesEarthhasloadsofsuperwaystofightoffthevillainousclimatecrisis:fromwoodlandstopeatbogstowhales!HowtomakecompostInsteadofsendingyourgreenwastetolandfill,createyourowncompost.Hereishowtogetstartedcomposting.ABIGWILDWELCOMEWeabsolutelylovewildlife—andbetyoudotoo!WildlifeWatchishereforkidsthatcan’tgetenoughofexploringthegreatoutdoorsorthosedesperatetofindoutabitmoreabouttheweirdandwonderfulcreaturesweshareourworldwith.It’spartofTheWildlifeTrusts,wholookafterlotsofawesomeplacesforwildlifeandrunhundredsofeventseachyearintheUK.1.Whomightbeinterestedinthepassage?A.Peoplewhoexploretheoutdoors.B.Peoplewhoareanimaltrainers.C.Peoplewhowouldliketocareforourplanet. D.Peoplewhowanttomakeadifferenceintheirjobs.2.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbelearnedthat____________.A.tropicalhabitatisbeingdestroyedbymakingpalmoilB.makingcompostdoesharmtotheenvironmentC.droppingacanofpopintotherecyclingbinhasnorealconsequenceD.balloonreleasescanbetransformedintoenergy—efficientones.3.Wheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?A.Anadvertisementcolumn. B.Asciencejournal.C.Awebsite. D.Abrochure.BDressedinashinymetallicsuit,KatiaKrafft’ssmallframeisovershadowedbytheredcurtainofmoltenrockthatburstsfromthegroundbeforeher.Thedramaticmomentwascaptured(捕捉)inaphototakenatopIceland’sKraflavolcanoin1984,duringthefinalbreathingofamulti-year-longeruption.Lookingattheimage,onecanalmostfeelthevolcano’sheat,hearitsroar,andsenseKrafft’sheartpoundingasthevolcanologistdoeswhatshelovesmost:bearingwitnesstoourplanet’sstronganger.KatiaKrafftwasafearlesspioneerinvolcanology,studyingtheexplosivepeaksatatimewhentherewerefewwomeninthefield.ShewasbornintheRhinevalleyofnortheastFrancein1942,curingtheheightofWorldWarII.ThechaotichumanworlddrovebothKatiaandherhusband,MauriceKrafft,alsoavolcanologist,toseekcomfortinnature.Themomentavolcanoexploded,theydroppedeverythingtoanalyzeandcapturethebeautyandmysteryofeachevent.TheKrafftsusedtheirvideosofexplosiveeruptionstoexplainthecomplexrisksanduncertaintiesofthesedisasters.Itchangedtheabilitytocommunicatevolcanoscience.TheirvideosarecreditedasoneoftheprimaryreasonsthatofficialsinthePhilippinestookthewarningsignsofMountPinatubo’seruptionin1991seriously.YettheKraffsdidn’tlivetoseethateruption.ThecouplediedlessthantwoweeksearlierinJapanduringamonstrouseruption,whichclaimed41otherlives.Katia’simpactonvolcanologyhasreachedfarbeyondherdeathandhasencouragedmanyyoungwomentostudyourrestlessplanet.“KatiaKrafftisdefinitelythereasonwhyI’mdoingthisjob,”saysCarlaTiraboschi,apostdoctoralresearcherattheUniversityofMinster,Germany.TiraboschifirstsawKatiainadocumentarywhenshewasjustsixorsevenyearsoldandhasbeencrazyaboutvolcanoeseversince.Shenowstudiestheprocessesatworkdeepbelowthevolcanicpeaks.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinparagraph1?A.Theimportanceofvolcanology. B.Thedamageofavolcaniceruption.C.Thedifficultyoffilmingvolcanoes. D.KatiaKrafft’spassionforherwork.5.Whatcanweknowaboutthevideosofexplosiveeruptions?A.Theypreventedanaturaldisaster. B.TheyservedasawarninginJapan.C.Theyhelpedspreadvolcanoscience. D.TheycoveredMountPinatubo’seruption.6.HowdidKatiainfluenceCarlaTiraboschi?A.Katia’sdeathmadeherrestless. B.Katiahelpedherwithherresearch.C.Katia’sdeedsinspiredhercareerchoice. D.Katiataughthertomakeadocumentary.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKatiaKrafft?A.Creativeandhonest. B.Braveandenthusiastic.C.Ambitiousandoutgoing. D.Determinedandgenerous.CANewFashionTrendFashiondesignersarealwayslookingfornewmaterialstoworkwith.Lately,it’sallaboutsustainablematerials—recycledtires,mushrooms,evenpineapplefibers!Whatifyouwantasustainablepairofshoes?Thaelyisheretohelp.ThissneakerbrandoutofDubaiwantstofightthegrowingproblemofplasticpollution.Ledby28-year-oldIndianbusinessmanAshayBhave,theymayhavefoundawinningstrategy:makingshoesoutofplasticgrocerybags.“Thaely”means“plasticbag”intheHindilanguage.“Iwaslookingtocreatefootwearthatiscost-effectiveandsafefortheenvironment,”BhavesaidinaninterviewwiththeKhaleejTimesnewspaper.“Ineededtocomeupwithsomethingthatusesrecycledplasticwithoutcreatinganymoreplasticwaste.”Plasticbagsweretheperfectsolution.Bhave’shomecountry,India,bannedsingle-useplastics.However,inaninterviewwithEllemagazine,Bhavesaidit’spoorlyenforced.Hesaidfivetrillion(萬億)plasticbagsareusedaroundtheworldeachyear.“Iwasmotivatedtofindasolutiontothisproblem,”Bhavesaid.ThatsolutionwasthefabriccalledThaelyTex.Madeentirelyfromplasticbags,themateriallooksandfeelslikeleather,Bhaveclaimed.Thatsoundspromising.Betteryet,theproductionprocessrequiresnoadditionalchemicalsandreleasesnotoxicby-products.Theendresultisasmart-lookingpairofwhitelow-topsneakers.Thaelywouldn’trevealthefullprocessformakingThaelyTex,buthesaidthateachpairofshoesismadefromupto15plasticbagsandupto22plasticbottles.Wheredotheygetsomuchmaterial?BhavetoldEllethatwasthehardestpart.“Thebiggestchallengewefacedwasrightatthefirststepofacquiringtheplasticbags.”Finally,theygothelpfromTrioTapTechnologies,awastemanagementplant.BhavesaidtheyofferedtocollectthebagsandalsotoprocessthemintoThaelyTex.Sofar,itseemslikethingsarefallingintoplace.Therearealreadyhundredsofpre-ordersinplace.Itsoundsliketheyhavesomeplansforthefuture.“Wehaveafewmorecolourscomingup,”saidBhave.Theyalsoplantoputoutahigh-topmodelandintroducealineofclothing.Let’shopetheirgrowthisalsosustainable.8.Theunderlinedword“winning”inParagraph2means“________”.A.absolutelyperfect B.highlyprofitableC.legallyresponsible D.mutuallyfavourable9.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs4?A.Plasticbagsareathreattotheshoemakingindustry.B.Makingshoeswithplasticbagsispollutionfree.C.Thebanonplasticbagsdoesn’tworkwellinIndia.D.Makingmoneyisthetoppriorityforshoedesigners.10.AccordingtoBhave,thefeatureofThaelyTexis________.A.pollution-freeandcolourful B.eco-friendlyandleatherlikeC.readilyavailableandpopular D.good-lookinganddurable11.Thesoleofthenewfashiontrendisthat________.A.fashiondoesn’tnecessarilyhavetopollute B.changingfashionisacreationofwasteC.traditionalfashionstyleisnewagain D.recycledfashionmeetscustomers’needsDInChina,2022bidfarewelltoaseriesoffireworksandthescratchingoffof200millionmetrictonsofplasticstrawsfromthenation’spollutionstocks.Thebancomesintoeffectfirstwithtwoitems,plasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags,withothersingle-useplasticstofollow.Chinaisoneoffewerthan10nationstobanplasticstrawscompletely.Thebanaimstoreduceplasticpollutionwhilemovingtobiodegradable(可生物降解的)alternatives,startingwithplasticstraws.ButthereissomethinguniquethatmakesaplasticstrawbaninChinahavemoreeffectthaninothercountries.Itisn’tthefactthatitisthemostpopulousnation.It’sthatpaperandpolylacticacid(聚乳酸)compoundstrawswillreplaceplasticonesusedwhenpeoplearehavingtheirfavouritedrink—tapiocapearltea,alsoknownasbubbletea.Chineseconsumerslovebubbletea.Thesetreats,oftentakingtheplaceoftheWest’smorningcoffee,aredrunkthroughplasticstrawslargerandthickerthanthosewewouldrecognizefromMcDonald’sastheymustbeabletoadapttothemovementofthe“bubbles”oftapiocapudding.Manybubbleteachainshavealreadybeenusingpaperstrawsformostoftheyearaheadofthefirststageoftheplasticbanscheduledtostartin2021.OneChinesenewsagencyreportsthatwhilepricesforbiodegradablealternativestostrawsandbagsaremoreexpensive,thebanhasseenthemarketshareforbio-plasticsincreasetoanexpected$7.3billionin2025,andafurtherdoublingto$13.9billionby2030,suggestingthecostwillrapidlydecreaseasmorecompaniesenterthemarketwithnewtechnologies.12.Whatdoweknowabouttheban?A.Itaimstoimproveplasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags.B.Itencouragespaperandpolylacticacidcompoundmaterialstoreplacealltheplastics.C.Itbeginswithplasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags.D.Itwillsolveplasticpollutioncompletely.13.WhydoestheplasticstrawbanhavemoreeffectonChina?A.Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.B.Chinesepeoplepreferplasticstraws.C.AlargequantityofplasticstrawsarebeingusedwhenChinesepeoplearehavingtheirfavouritedrink.D.MilkteawillnolongerbelovedbyChineseconsumers.14.Whatcanweinferaboutbiodegradablealternatives’futurefromthelastparagraph?A.Itwillbeworrying. B.Itwillbepromising.C.Itwillbehopeless. D.Itwillbeuncertain.15.Whichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappearin?A.Entertainment. B.Health.C.Education. D.Environment.二、七選五Gardensaresomeofthemostbeautifulplacesonearth.Thesadrealityofgardeningisthatweedscompetewiththeplantsyouwantandtakeawayfromtheirbeauty.___16___Mostpeopletrytofindaquickandeasysolutiontotheproblemofweedsbyusingchemicalweedkillers,knownasherbicides.Sometimes,though,asolutioncancauseevenbiggerproblems.Actuallyusingchemicalherbicidescanhavequiteafewunintendedconsequences.___17___Theyeffectivelykillweeds,buttheycanalsokillotherdesirableplantsandspecies.Notonlythat,butherbicidesposesignificanthealthriskstohumans.Anddidyouknowthatrepeateduseofherbicidescanmakeweedsresistanttotheireffects?___18___Afterweedshavealreadyinvadedyourflowerbedorgarden,youobviouslyhavetofindawaytohandlethem.Therearetwobasicmethodsofremovingweeds:physicalremovalandmechanicalremoval.Physicalremoval—whenusingthismethodyouareliterallydestroyingtheweedsbyputtingthemoutoftheground.___19___Thismethodisgenerallyveryeffective,butittakeseffort.Mechanicalremoval—thismethod,whichusesaweedeateroralawnmower,mowsweedsdowntotheground.Itdoesn’ttakeouttheroots,though,sotheweedswillgrowback.___20___Withthismethod,itnotonlybeatifiesthegardenbutalsosavesyoumucheffort.Byusingsomeofthesenaturalmethods,youcankeepyourgardenlookingsuperbwithoutusingdangerousherbicidesthatcoulddamageyourhealthandtheenvironment.A.Butherbicidesuseisn’ttheonlywaytogetridofweeds.B.Then,placegardenplantsclosetogethertocrowdouttheweeds.C.Youcanpullouttheweedsbyhandortakethemoutwithashovel.D.Asyoumightimagine,thesechemicalspoisontheenvironment.E.Herearesomesolutionstokeepingweedsfrominvadingyourgardeninthefirstplace.F.Asforpreventingweeds,coveringthegroundwithlandscapesfabricsmaybeagoodway.G.Asaresult,weedcontrolseemstobeanever-endingpartofsustainingthebeautyofagarden.三、完形填空KarenDarkewasparalyzed(癱瘓的)fromthechestdowninaclimbingaccidentmorethan20yearsago.However,ithasn’tstoppedherwinningParalympicgoldorcontinuingherlifeasanextreme___21___.Shewas21whenshefell10metres(about33feet)offaseacliffwhilerock___22___inScotland.Shewokeupandwastoldshewasparalyzedfromthechestdown.She’sbeenina___23___eversince.Shehadareallyhardtime.However,whatopenedhereyeswasseeingotherpatientsaroundherwithevenlessmusclefunction,andthenewsofaclosefrienddyingwhileclimbing,onlyafewmonthsafterherownaccident.“Itjustkindofmademe___24___thatIwasstillhere,andIhadtomakethemostofthesituation,”shesays.Herfirst___25___afterheraccidentwasahandbikeridealongtheSilkRoutefromKazakhstantoPakistanintheHimalayasin1997,whichshestillthinksishermost___26___onesofar.Otherexpeditions(遠征)___27___,includingmoreHimalayanrides,sit-skiingacrossGreenlandin2007andclimbingthe3,000-footcliffElCapitaninYosemitein2008.Darke___28___theBritishPara-cyclingteamin2010andwonsilverattheLondonParalympicstwoyearslater.Shewas___29___togoonebetterinRio,but___30___likeacaraccidentin2013andaninfectioninthefallof2015madetraining___31___.HerlatestadventureisQuest79,aprojectto___32___atotalofninehandbikeridesonsevencontinentswhile___33___moneyforcharityandencouragingotherstotakeontheirownchallenges.Darkebelievesthebiggest___34___tolivingandachievingourdreamsisn’tourbodies,butourminds.“Evenifinour___35___dayswhenwethinkwecan’tdoitanymore,anythingispossible.”21.A.adventurer B.patient C.coach D.driver22.A.striking B.climbing C.drilling D.shaking23.A.wheelchair B.ward C.hospital D.car24.A.realize B.dream C.find D.imagine25.A.permission B.travel C.impression D.expedition26.A.significant B.painful C.ordinary D.disappointing27.A.fixed B.followed C.engaged D.lay28.A.attended B.ran C.joined D.escaped29.A.strange B.careful C.relaxed D.desperate30.A.setbacks B.opportunities C.fortune D.supports31.A.attractive B.fearful C.meaningful D.challenging32.A.rise B.catch C.undertake D.notice33.A.making B.raising C.owning D.offering34.A.solution B.approach C.connection D.barrier35.A.lightest B.brightest C.darkest D.shortest第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）四、語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inrecentyears,sharedvegetableplots(地塊)havebeenappearinginShanghai’ssuburbandistrictsasmorewhite-collarworkersturntofarmingtorelaxandescapethepressuresofcitylife.Amongtheseindividuals___36___(be)YangRui,who,onweekends,driveshisfamilyfromtheirhomeindowntowntotheAll-HappyCity,___37___sharedecologicalfarminMinhang,wherehehasrenteda20-square-metervegetableplotfor1,600yuanperyear.Thefamilytendscarrots,lettuceandothervegetablestheyhaveplanted.Whentheyaren’taroundduringtheweek,___38___(professional)takeovertheworkandperformwhateverchores___39___(need).Thisfarmhasabout200members,someof___40___evenraisechickensandducksthatwanderinthefields.___41___(found)byChenYouguiinOctober,thesharedfarmhasanareaof13.33hectares___42___comeswithsharedvegetableplotsandleisureareas.AccordingtoChen,themonitoringsystem___43___(cover)theentirefarmlandallowsmemberstoviewtheirvegetablesandfieldsremotelythroughtheirphones.Thefarmalsousestechnologytoensurethatthechickensandducksraised___44___customersdon’tgomissingorendupinsomeoneelse’splot—eachanimalcomeswithitsownQRcode.Chennotesthatmanyofhiscustomersareparentswhorentplots___45___(primary)toteachtheirkidsaboutscienceandnatureandhowfarmingworks.五、書面表達假如你是校學(xué)生會主席，為了更好地保護環(huán)境，你代表學(xué)生會向全校學(xué)生發(fā)出倡議。請根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，寫一份倡議書：1.保護環(huán)境是我們的職責(zé)。2.我們要養(yǎng)成環(huán)保的習(xí)慣：(1)盡量步行上學(xué)或騎自行車上學(xué)；(2)不隨地扔垃圾：(3)節(jié)約用水；(4)……3.發(fā)出環(huán)保的號召。注意：1.詞數(shù)：80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。Dearfiends,Aswecansee,theenvironmentaroundusisgettingworseandworse.____________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union六、讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasalittleboy,myfamilywasn’tthewell-offone.MomandDadcouldinitiallyaffordthreemealsadayandmyschoollunch,butthatchangedafterDadhadastroke(中風(fēng)).Hewasunabletowork,soMombecamethefamilybreadwinner.Ifeltterribleaboutmyfamily’ssituation,soItoldMomI’dlendherahandandstopgoingtoschooluntilDadcouldwork.ButMomrefused.“Ifyouwanttohelpus,Hector,”shesaid,“don’tgiveuponschool.”Iwasmissingoutonmanythingsmypeershadbutthatdidn’thurtme.Whathurtmewasthatwhileeveryoneelsewaseatinglunchatschool,Iwouldsitintheplayground.“It’sOK!”Iwouldassuremyself.“I’mnothungry!”O(jiān)neday,Ileftclassduringlunchbreakandwenttomyusualspotintheplayground.Then,Isawalunchboxthere.“Delicious!”readthenotenexttoit.Ilookedaround,thinkingsomeonehadleftittherebyaccident,buttherewasnoonearound.Iwashungry,soIopenedthebox,andtherewasadelicioussandwichandacookieinside.IknewwhatIdidnextwaswrong,butIranawaywiththesandwichandcookie,leavingtheemptyboxbehind.Ihidsomewhereandwolfedthefooddown,anditwasso…yummy!Ifeltbadabouteatingsomeoneelse’slunch,butIwasstarving.“I’msorry,”Isaidquietly,thinkingthelunchboxwasn’tforme.Butthenextday,theboxwasthereagain,anditwasagaintherethedayafterthat.Iatefromitonemoretime,butthenIstopped.Why?Becauseitseemedlikethewrongthingtodo.Then,oneday,asIwasabouttoleavetheclassroomfortheplayground,thewholeclasssurroundedme.“Hector,whydidyoustopeatingfromthelunchbox?”myfriendTomaskedme.“It’sthefoodthateveryonesavesforyou!”“Youleftthelunchbox?”Iaskedintears.“Why?”“That’sthebestwaytohelpyou,”saidoneofmyclassmates,Stacey.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Seeingmysurprisedlook,Staceyputhisarmsaroundmeandcontinuedtoexplain.____________________________________________________________________________________________Layingthelunchboxtoheartforyears,Iinvitedallmyclassmatestomyrestaurant.____________________________________________________________________________________________

答案【答案】1.C2.A3.C【解析】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些關(guān)愛自然的建議。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Caringforournaturalworldisabigjobbuttherearelotsoflittlethingsthatwecandotomakeadifference!Whatwillyoutry?Maybeyouhavesomegreattipstosharetoo?Youcansendusanemailandletusknow!(照顧我們的自然世界是一項大工程，但是我們可以做很多小事情來改變世界！你會怎么做？也許你也有一些好的建議可以分享？你可以給我們發(fā)電子郵件，讓我們知道！)”可知，愿意關(guān)心我們地球的人們可能對本文感興趣，故選C。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表中Palmoilandwhyitmatters部分下的“Palmoilisatypeofvegetableoilbutsadlyalotoftropicalhabitatisbeingdestroyedtomakeit.(棕櫚油是一種植物油，但不幸的是，許多熱帶棲息地正在遭到破壞。)”可知，生產(chǎn)棕櫚油正在造成熱帶棲息地被破壞，故選A。3.文章來源題。根據(jù)第一張圖片可知，這是一個網(wǎng)頁，由此可推知本文可能選自網(wǎng)頁，故選C?！敬鸢浮?.D5.C6.C7.B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了法國火山學(xué)家KatiaKrafft和丈夫一起一生追逐危險的活火山，留下的圖像與影像幫助傳播火山科學(xué)，并激勵更多的人從事火山研究。4.推理判斷題。第一段中“Dressedinashinymetallicsuit,KatiaKrafft’ssmallframeisovershadowedbytheredcurtainofmoltenrockthatburstsfromthegroundbeforeher.Thedramaticmomentwascaptured(捕捉)inaphototakenatopIceland’sKraflavolcanoin1984,duringthefinalbreathingofamulti-year-longeruption.(KatiaKrafft穿著閃亮的金屬套裝，她矮小的身軀被眼前從地面迸射出來的紅色熔巖幕遮住了。1984年，在冰島克拉夫拉火山持續(xù)多年的噴發(fā)的最后一次呼吸中，這一戲劇性的時刻被拍了下來?？粗@張照片，人們幾乎可以感受到火山的熱量，聽到它的轟鳴聲，并感覺到火山學(xué)家Krafft的心臟在跳動，她正在做她最喜歡的事情：見證我們星球的強烈憤怒。)”通過一張照片描述火山學(xué)家KatiaKrafft在噴發(fā)的火山前的情景，研究活火山是Katia最喜歡的事情；由此可知，第一段通過對一張照片的描述告訴我們火山學(xué)家KatiaKrafft對于研究活火山這一工作非常熱愛。故選D。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheKrafftsusedtheirvideosofexplosiveeruptionstoexplainthecomplexrisksanduncertaintiesofthesedisasters.Itchangedtheabilitytocommunicatevolcanoscience.TheirvideosarecreditedasoneoftheprimaryreasonsthatofficialsinthePhilippinestookthewarningsignsofMountPinatubo’seruptionin1991seriously.(Krafft夫婦用他們拍攝的火山爆炸性噴發(fā)視頻來解釋這些災(zāi)難的復(fù)雜風(fēng)險和不確定性。它改變了火山科學(xué)交流的能力。他們的視頻被認(rèn)為是菲律賓官員認(rèn)真對待1991年皮納圖博火山噴發(fā)警告信號的主要原因之一。)”可知，Krafft夫婦用拍攝的火山爆炸性噴發(fā)視頻解釋這些災(zāi)難的復(fù)雜風(fēng)險和不確定性，幫助傳播火山的科學(xué)知識。故選C。6.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Katia’simpactonvolcanologyhasreachedfarbeyondherdeathandhasencouragedmanyyoungwomentostudyourrestlessplanet.“KatiaKrafftisdefinitelythereasonwhyI’mdoingthisjob,”saysCarlaTiraboschi,apostdoctoralresearcherattheUniversityofMinster,Germany.TiraboschifirstsawKatiainadocumentarywhenshewasjustsixorsevenyearsoldandhasbeencrazyaboutvolcanoeseversince.Shenowstudiestheprocessesatworkdeepbelowthevolcanicpeaks.(Katia對火山學(xué)的影響遠遠超出了她的死亡，并鼓勵許多年輕女性研究我們這個不安分的星球。德國明斯特大學(xué)的博士后研究員CarlaTiraboschi說：“KatiaKrafft肯定是我從事這項工作的原因?！盋arlaTiraboschi第一次見到Katia是在一部紀(jì)錄片中，當(dāng)時她只有六七歲，從那以后就一直對火山著迷。她現(xiàn)在研究火山峰深處的工作過程。)”可知，CarlaTiraboschi受KatiaKrafft的事跡的鼓舞，選擇從事火山研究。故選C。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Lookingattheimage,onecanalmostfeelthevolcano’sheat,hearitsroar,andsenseKrafft’sheartpoundingasthevolcanologistdoeswhatshelovesmost:bearingwitnesstoourplanet’sstronganger.(看著這張照片，人們幾乎可以感受到火山的熱量，聽到它的轟鳴聲，并感覺到火山學(xué)家Krafft的心臟在跳動，她正在做她最喜歡的事情：見證我們星球的強烈憤怒。)”可知，研究活火山噴發(fā)是Krafft最喜歡的事情，結(jié)合第二段最后一句“Themomentavolcanoexploded,theydroppedeverythingtoanalyzeandcapturethebeautyandmysteryofeachevent.(火山爆發(fā)的那一刻，他們放下一切去分析和捕捉每一個事件的美麗和神秘。)”可知，研究火山噴發(fā)對于Krafft來說是重要的事情，由此可知，Krafft對于追逐研究危險的活火山充滿熱情；根據(jù)第二段中“KatiaKrafftwasafearlesspioneerinvolcanology,studyingtheexplosivepeaksatatimewhentherewerefewwomeninthefield.…Themomentavolcanoexploded,theydroppedeverythingtoanalyzeandcapturethebeautyandmysteryofeachevent.(KatiaKrafft是一位無畏的火山學(xué)先驅(qū)，她在研究火山爆發(fā)高峰的時候，這個領(lǐng)域里幾乎沒有女性?！鹕奖l(fā)的那一刻，他們放下一切去分析和捕捉每一個事件的美麗和神秘。)”以及第三段最后一句“YettheKraffsdidn’tlivetoseethateruption.ThecouplediedlessthantwoweeksearlierinJapanduringamonstrouseruption,whichclaimed41otherlives.(然而，卡夫一家沒能活著看到那次噴發(fā)。不到兩周前，這對夫婦在日本的一次可怕的火山爆發(fā)中喪生，那次火山爆發(fā)奪去了另外41人的生命。)”可知，火山噴發(fā)非常危險，但是火山爆發(fā)的時候，Katia夫婦放下一切去研究和拍攝火山噴發(fā)，最后不幸在日本的一次火山噴發(fā)中死亡；由此可知，Katia對于研究活火山充滿熱情，面對火山噴發(fā)的危險勇敢無畏。因此，B選項“Braveandenthusiastic(勇敢且滿腔熱忱)”最適合描述KatiaKrafft。故選B?！敬鸢浮?.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。印度商人AshayBhave用塑料袋制作運動鞋，這既能夠降低成本，又可以保護環(huán)境，引領(lǐng)了新的風(fēng)尚。8.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句冒號后的“makingshoesoutofplasticgrocerybags”可知，這個策略是用塑料袋制作鞋子。根據(jù)第三段中Bhave的話“Iwaslookingtocreatefootwearthatiscost-effectiveandsafefortheenvironment(我一直在尋找一種成本效益高、對環(huán)境安全的鞋類)”可知，Bhave想出的這個制鞋方法既節(jié)省成本又環(huán)保。由此可推測出，這個方法是共贏的。winning在這里與mutuallyfavourable(互利的)意思相近。故選D。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Bhave’shomecountry,India,bannedsingle-useplastics.However,inaninterviewwithEllemagazine,Bhavesaidit’spoorlyenforced.(Bhave的祖國印度禁止使用一次性塑料。然而，在接受《世界時裝之苑》雜志采訪時，Bhave表示，這項規(guī)定執(zhí)行不力。)”可知，在印度禁止使用一次性塑料的規(guī)定并沒有得到有效執(zhí)行，由此可推測出，這項塑料袋的禁令并沒有在印度奏效。故選C。10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Madeentirelyfromplasticbags,themateriallooksandfeelslikeleather,Bhaveclaimed.(Bhave聲稱，這種材料完全由塑料袋制成，看起來和感覺都像皮革。)”和“Betteryet,theproductionprocessrequiresnoadditionalchemicalsandreleasesnotoxicby-products.(更好的是，生產(chǎn)過程不需要額外的化學(xué)品，也不會釋放有毒副產(chǎn)品。)”可知，ThaelyTex這種材料像皮革，并且環(huán)保。故選B。11.推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章標(biāo)題“ANewFashionTrend”可知，本文主要講述了一種新的時尚潮流。通讀全文可知，第一段中的“Whatifyouwantasustainablepairofshoes?Thaelyisheretohelp.(如果你想要一雙環(huán)保的鞋怎么辦？Thaely來幫忙。)”引出話題，用Thaely（在印度語中表示“塑料”）制作環(huán)保的鞋子，接下來介紹了這種鞋子的制作材料和材料來源，由此可推測出，時尚并不一定要造成污染，環(huán)保也能引領(lǐng)風(fēng)尚。故選A。【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了中國實施一項關(guān)于塑料吸管和一次性購物袋的禁令，旨在減少塑料污染。文章介紹了這一禁令實施背后的原因以及所帶來的影響。12.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thebancomesintoeffectfirstwithtwoitems,plasticstrawsandsingle-useshoppingbags,withothersingle-useplasticstofollow.(該禁令首先對塑料吸管和一次性購物袋兩種物品生效，隨后將對其他一次性塑料實施禁令。)”可知，禁令從塑料吸管和一次性購物袋開始。故選C。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“ButthereissomethinguniquethatmakesaplasticstrawbaninChinahavemoreeffectthaninothercountries.Itisn’tthefactthatitisthemostpopulousnation.It’sthatpaperandpolylacticacid(聚乳酸)compoundstrawswillreplaceplasticonesusedwhenpeoplearehavingtheirfavouritedrink—tapiocapearltea,alsoknownasbubbletea.(但是，中國的塑料吸管禁令比其他國家更有效，這是有獨特之處的。不是因為它是人口最多的國家。紙和聚乳酸復(fù)合吸管將取代人們飲用他們最喜歡的飲料——木薯珍珠茶(也被稱為珍珠茶)時使用的塑料吸管。)”可知，塑料吸管禁令對中國影響更大，是因為大量的塑料吸管正在被用于中國人最喜歡的飲料。故選C。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“OneChinesenewsagencyreportsthatwhilepricesforbiodegradablealternativestostrawsandbagsaremoreexpensive,thebanhasseenthemarketshareforbio-plasticsincreasetoanexpected$7.3billionin2005,andafurtherdoublingto$13.9billionby2030,suggestingthecostwillrapidlydecreaseasmorecompaniesenterthemarketwithnewtechnologies.(一家中國新聞機構(gòu)報道稱盡管吸管和塑料袋的可降解替代品的價格更加昂貴，但該禁令使得生物塑料的市場份額在2025年預(yù)計將增長到73億美元，到2030年將再翻一番，達到139億美元。這表明，隨著更多公司使用新技術(shù)進入市場，成本將迅速下降)”可推知，生物可降解的替代品將很有前途。故選B。15.文章來源題。根據(jù)第一段“InChina,2022bidfarewelltoaseriesoffireworksandthescratchingoffof200millionmetrictonsofplasticstrawsfromthenation’spollutionstocks.(在中國，2022年告別了一系列煙花，并從國家的污染庫存中刮掉了2億噸塑料吸管。)”說明了中國實施一項關(guān)于塑料吸管和一次性購物袋的禁令，旨在減少塑料污染。文章介紹了這一禁令實施背后的原因以及所帶來的影響。可推知，文章可能選自報紙的“環(huán)境”版面。故選D。【答案】16.G17.D18.A19.C20.F【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了園藝中令人煩惱的雜草問題，提出可以用自然的方法替代除草劑來除草。16.前文“Gardensaresomeofthemostbeautifulplacesonearth.Thesadrealityofgardeningisthatweedscompetewiththeplantsyouwantandtakeawayfromtheirbeauty.(花園是地球上最美麗的地方之一。園藝的悲哀現(xiàn)實是，雜草與你想要的植物競爭，奪去了它們的美麗。)”引入園藝中的雜草問題，后文“Mostpeopletrytofindaquickandeasysolutiontotheproblemofweedsbyusingchemicalweedkillers,knownasherbicides.(大多數(shù)人試圖通過使用化學(xué)除草劑來找到一個快速簡單的解決雜草問題的方法。)”說明用化學(xué)除草劑解決雜草問題的方法，G項“Asaresult,weedcontrolseemstobeanever-endingpartofsustainingthebeautyofagarden.(因此，雜草控制似乎是維持花園美麗的一個永無止境的部分。)”符合語境，說明雜草控制對于維持花園美麗的必然性，承接前文雜草問題的結(jié)果，引出后文的解決方法。故選G。17.前文“Actuallyusingchem