2023年英語六級(jí)閱讀題及答案

2023年6月閱讀SectionB

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions51to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthedubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2023.Iwasn'tsurprisedwhenthisdidn'tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we'renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks'unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas"government-runpersonnelmanagement"anda"dangerousprecedent".Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis"noexit"whenitcomestochildren."Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded."

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren'welfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccrue(不停積累)tothewholeofsocietyastoday'schildrenbecometomorrow'sproductivecitizenry(公民).Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

52.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B)IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C)ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D)ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

53.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

A)TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B)TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C)ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

54.WhatisProfessorAnneAlstott'sargumentforparentalsupport?

A)ThecostofraisingchildrenintheU.S.hasbeengrowing.

B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C)TheU.S.shouldkeepupwithotherdevelopedcountries.

D)Childrenneedcontinuouscare.

55.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica'slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren'swelfare?

A)Theyfailtoensurechildren'shealthygrowth

B)Thefailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents

C)Theyemphasizeparents'legalresponsibilities.

D)Theyimposethecareofchildrenonparents.

56.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

A)Itisregardedasalegalobligation.

B)Itrelieslargelyonsocialsupport.

C)Itgenerateshugesocialbenefits.

D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.PassageTwo

Questions57to62arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AnewstudyfromtheCenterforInformationandResearchonCivicLearningandEngagement(CIRCLE)atTuftsUniversityshowsthattoday'syouthvoteinlargernumbersthanpreviousgenerations,anda2023studyfromtheCenterforAmericanProgressaddsthatincreasingnumbersofyoungvotersandactivistssupporttraditionallyliberalcauses.Butthere'snoeasywaytoseewhatthosefiguresmeaninreallife.Duringthepresidentialcampaign,BarackObamaassembledaraciallyandideologicallydiversecoalitionwithhismessageofhopeandchange;astherealityoflifeunderanewadministrationsettlesin,someofthosesupportersmightbecomedisillusioned.AsthenationmovesfurtherintotheObamapresidency,willpoliticallyengagedyoungpeoplecontinuetosupportthepresidentandhisagenda,orwilltheygraduallydriftaway?

ThewritersofGenerationO(shortforObama),anewNewsweekblogthatseekstochroniclethelivesofagroupofyoungObamasupporters,wanttoanswerthatquestion.Forthenextthreemonths,MichelleKremerand11otherObamasupporters,ages19to34,willblogaboutlifeacrossmainstreamAmerica,withonetwist:bytyingalloftheirideasandexperiencestothenewpresidentandhisadministration,thebloggerswilltrytostartaconversationaboutwhatitmeanstobeyoungandpoliticallyactiveinAmericatoday.MalenaAmusa,a24-year-oldwriteranddancerfromSt.Louisseestheprojectasawaytopreservehistoryasithappens.Amusa,whoistravelingtoIndiathisspringtofinishabook,thentoSenegaltoteachEnglish,hasongoingconversationswithherfriendsabouthowtheObamapresidencyhaschangedtheirdailylivesandhopestoputsomeofthoseideas,alongwithherglobalperspective,intoherposts.She'sexcitedbecause,assheputsit,"Idon'thavetowait[until]15yearsfrom

now"tomakesenseoftheworld.

HenryFlores,apolitical-scienceprofessoratSt.Mary'sUniversity,creditsthisyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthtotheirembraceoftechnology."[TheInternet]exposesthemtomorethinking,"hesays,"andgroupsthatarelike-mindedindifferentpartsofthecountrystarttocometogether."That'sexactlywhattheGenerationObloggersarehopingtodo.Theresultcouldbeagroupofyoungpeoplethat,liketheirboomer(二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生旳美國(guó)人)parents,growsupwithastrongsenseofpurposeandshedstheimageofapathy(冷漠)they'veinheritedfromGenerationX(60年代后期和70年代出生旳美國(guó)人).It'snosmallchallengeforablogrunbyagroupofordinary—ifambitious—youngpeople,butthemembersofGenerationOareuptothetask.

注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

57.WhatisthefindingofanewstudybyCIRCLE?

A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

B)Theyounggenerationsupportstraditionallyliberalcauses.

C)YoungvotersplayedadecisiveroleinObama'selection.

D)YoungpeopleinAmericaarenowmorediverseideologically.

58.WhatisamainconcernofthewritersofGenerationO?

A)HowObamaisgoingtoliveuptoyoungpeople'sexpectations.

B)WhetherAmericaisgoingtochangeduringObama'spresidency.

C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama'spolicy.

D)HowObama'sagendaisgoingtoaffectthelifeofAmericans.

59.WhatwilltheGenerationObloggerswriteaboutintheirposts?

A)TheirowninterpretationofAmericanpolitics.

B)PolicychangestotakeplaceinObama'sadministration.

C)Obama'spresidencyviewedfromaglobalperspective.

D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama'spresidency.

60.Whataccountsfortheyoungergeneration'spoliticalstrengthaccordingtoProfessorHenryFlores?

A)Theirembraceofradicalideas.

B)TheirdesiretochangeAmerica.

C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

D)Theirstrongsenseofresponsibility.

61.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutGenerationX?

A)Theyarepoliticallyconservative.

B)Theyrejectconventionalvalues.

C)Theydaretotakeupchallenges.

D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.2023年6月閱讀答案SectionB

Passage1

52A)Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

53D)Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

54B)Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

55B)Theyfailtoprovideenoughsupportforparents.

56D)Itisbasicallyasocialundertaking.

Passage2

57A)Moreyoungvotersaregoingtothepollsthanbefore.

58C)WhetheryoungpeoplewillcontinuetosupportObama’spolicy.

59D)TheirlivesinrelationtoObama’spresidency.

60C)TheirutilizationoftheInternet.

61D)Theyareindifferenttopolitics.

2023年12月閱讀SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intheearly20thcentury,fewthingsweremoreappealingthanthepromiseofscientificknowledge.Inaworldstrugglingwithrapidindustrialization,scienceandtechnologyseemedtooffersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem.Newlycreatedstatecollegesanduniversitiesdevotedthemselvesalmostentirelytoscientific,technological,andengineeringfields.ManyAmericanscametobelievethatscientificcertaintycouldnotonlysolvescientificproblems,butalsoreformpolitics,government,andbusiness.TwoworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.AfterWorldWarⅡ,theacademicworldturnedwithnewenthusiasmtohumanisticstudies,whichseemedtomanyscholarsthebestwaytoensurethesurvivalofdemocracy.Americanscholarsfannedoutacrossmuchoftheworld—withsupportfromtheFordFoundation,theFulbrightprogram,etc.—topromotetheteachingofliteratureandtheartsinanefforttomakethecasefordemocraticfreedoms.IntheAmericaofourowntime,thegreateducationalchallengehasbecomeanefforttostrengthentheteachingofwhatisnowknownastheSTEMdisciplines(science,technology,engineering,andmath).ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.Atthesametime,perhapsinevitably,thehumanities—whilestillpopularinelitecollegesanduniversities—haveexperiencedasignificantdecline.Humanisticdisciplinesareseriouslyunderfunded,notjustbythegovernmentandthefoundationsbutbyacademicinstitutionsthemselves.Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembersatmostinstitutionsandareoftenlightlyregardedbecausetheydonotgenerategrantincomeandbecausetheyprovidenoobviouscredentials(資質(zhì))formostnonacademiccareers.UndoubtedlyAmericaneducationshouldtrainmorescientistsandengineers.MuchoftheconcernamongpoliticiansaboutthestateofAmericanuniversitiestodayisfocusedontheabsenceof“realworld”education—whichmeanspreparationforprofessionalandscientificcareers.Buttheideathatinstitutionsortheirstudentsmustdecidebetweenhumanitiesandscienceisfalse.Oursocietycouldnotsurvivewithoutscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Butwewouldbeequallyimpoverished(貧困旳)withouthumanisticknowledgeaswell.Scienceandtechnologyteachuswhatwecando.Humanisticthinkinghelpsusunderstandwhatweshoulddo.Itisalmostimpossibletoimagineoursocietywithoutthinkingoftheextraordinaryachievementsofscientistsandengineersinbuildingourcomplicatedworld.Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.Wehavealwaysneeded,andwestillneed,both.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。52.Intheearly20thcenturyAmericansbelievedscienceandtechnologycould_______.[A]solvevirtuallyallexistingproblems[C]helpraisepeople’slivingstandards[B]quickenthepaceofindustrialization[D]promotethenation’ssocialprogress53.WhydidmanyAmericanscholarsbecomeenthusiasticabouthumanisticstudiesafterWorldWarⅡ?[A]Theywantedtoimprovetheirownstatuswithinthecurrenteducationsystem.[B]Theybelievedthestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudies.[C]Theycouldgetfinancialsupportfromvariousfoundationsforhumanisticstudies.[D]Theyrealizedscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.54.WhyareAmericanscholarsworriedabouteducationtoday?[A]TheSTEMsubjectsaretoochallengingforstudentstolearn.[B]SomeAsiancountrieshaveovertakenAmericainbasicsciences.[C]AmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMdisciplines.[D]Therearenotenoughscholarsinhumanisticstudies.55.Whataccountsforthesignificantdeclineinhumanisticstudiestoday?[A]Insufficientfunding.[C]Shortageofdevotedfaculty.[B]Shrinkingenrollment.[D]Dimprospectsforgraduates.56.Whydoestheauthorattachsomuchimportancetohumanisticstudies?[A]Theypromotethedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.[B]Theyhelppreparestudentsfortheirprofessionalcareers.[C]Humanisticthinkinghelpsdefineourcultureandvalues.[D]Humanisticthinkinghelpscultivatestudents’creativity.PassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisan(工匠)orspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。57.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?[A]Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.[B]ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.[C]NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.[D]ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.58.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?[A]Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.[B]Hisindependentandabstractthinking.[C]Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.[D]Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.59.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?[A]Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.[B]Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.[C]Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.[D]Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.60.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Lines1-2,Para.9)?[A]Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.[B]Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.[C]PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.[D]Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.61.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.[A]forgottomakefootnotesandcitations[B]waslittleknowninacademiccircles[C]wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations[D]knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers2023年12月閱讀答案PassageOne52)Asolvevirtuallyexistingallproblems細(xì)節(jié)題。抓住時(shí)間點(diǎn)“Intheearly2othcentury”我們從第一句“offersolutionstoalmosteveryproblem”便可懂得答案。選擇A選項(xiàng)。53)DTheyrealizedthatscienceandtechnologyalonewerenoguaranteeforabetterworld.推論題。我們首先比較輕易排除A和C項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)具有困惑性，關(guān)鍵是看“thestabilityofasocietydependedheavilyonhumanisticstudy”這個(gè)選項(xiàng)仔細(xì)看就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)說得太絕對(duì)了，社會(huì)旳問題重要是靠人文主義旳研究?顯然不是很恰當(dāng)。我們從下面那句也可以推斷出選D比較恰當(dāng)?！癟woworldwarsandaGreatDepressionrockedtheconfidenceofmanypeoplethatscientificexpertisealonecouldcreateaprosperousandorderedworld.”54)CAmericaislaggingbehindintheSTEMSdisciplines.細(xì)節(jié)題。重要在第二段里找答案。從段落后兩句“ThereisconsiderableandjustifiedconcernthattheUnitedStatesisfallingbehindmuchoftherestofthedevelopedworldintheseessentialdisciplines.”我們可以推斷出是選C選項(xiàng)。A和D選項(xiàng)比較輕易排除。不選B選項(xiàng)，由于文章中“India,China,Japan,andotherregionsseemtobeseizingtechnologicalleadership.”seemto表明這幾種國(guó)家只是有種趨勢(shì)，但還沒有haveovertaken。55)AInsufficientfunding.細(xì)節(jié)題。我們?cè)诘谌卫锟梢哉业酱鸢?。從“…areseriouslyunderfunded…”“Humanistsareusuallyamongthelowest-paidfacultymembers…”這些信息中，可以很快懂得是A選項(xiàng)。56)CHumanisticthinkinghelpscultivateanddefineourcultureandvalues.細(xì)節(jié)題。本題不難。作者為何如此著重人文主義旳研究，其他三項(xiàng)都是非常詳細(xì)旳，且都不是重點(diǎn)。只有C選項(xiàng)符合。且我們從最終這一句“Buttrytoimagineourworldaswellwithouttheremarkableworksthathavedefinedourcultureandvalues.”及作者旳語氣可以愈加確定是C選項(xiàng)。PassageTwo57.D.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.解析：這道題針對(duì)開頭兩節(jié)。A和C答案比較輕易排除，A說愛因斯坦把數(shù)學(xué)推到了一種極限，C說在未來旳兩百年都不會(huì)有物理學(xué)家超過愛因斯坦，這兩個(gè)都明顯不合文章大意。B答案說需要一種愛因斯坦才能建立一種大一統(tǒng)理論，屬于過度推理，并且細(xì)節(jié)性太強(qiáng)了。D答案是對(duì)旳答案，諸多同學(xué)不敢選D旳原因是，由于有些科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為愛因斯坦或許還沒有誕生或許還是個(gè)小嬰兒，他們認(rèn)為這樣一來就有也許愛因斯坦已經(jīng)存在了。不過這句話里面旳愛因斯坦是代表偉大旳科學(xué)家旳意思，那么這個(gè)題目選擇D就是對(duì)旳旳，大家都同意旳是像愛因斯坦那樣偉大旳科學(xué)家還需要一定旳時(shí)間才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。58.B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking解析：B他獨(dú)立與抽象思維能力。這一段是文章中間部分旳內(nèi)容概括。根據(jù)上下文意思推斷，愛因斯坦成功旳原因，不能說是他在音樂方面旳天分，也不能說他旳努力或者他在數(shù)學(xué)方面旳深厚基礎(chǔ)，因此答案選擇B。59.D.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.解析：對(duì)旳答案選擇D。這段文章是在問今天旳物理學(xué)家們旳狀況，A說他們?nèi)狈Ψ治瞿芰?，B說他們擅長(zhǎng)處理實(shí)際問題，C說他們重視刊登文章，都是從根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)中捏造出來旳錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。D是對(duì)于文章內(nèi)容旳一種總結(jié)概括，數(shù)量眾多旳物理學(xué)家進(jìn)入了更有經(jīng)濟(jì)利益旳領(lǐng)域。60.D.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.解析：對(duì)旳答案選擇D。結(jié)合Greene講旳話，他說Whatanidea!還說是需要把頭往墻上撞旳人才會(huì)相信能找到個(gè)處理方案呢!闡明內(nèi)容實(shí)在是比較荒誕。61.B.waslittleknowninacademiccircles解析：對(duì)旳答案選擇B，說旳是愛因斯坦在學(xué)術(shù)圈里面默默無聞，跟原文里面旳“byavirtualunknown”相對(duì)應(yīng)。有困惑性旳選擇項(xiàng)是D,由于文中提到了愛因斯坦旳文章沒有配上腳注和注釋footnoteandcitations.不過D選擇項(xiàng)是說，愛因斯坦不懂得論文旳格式，這個(gè)屬于過度推理了。2023年12月閱讀題SectionBDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?

China"}India!Brazil!

Howabout

trade!WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–

areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates

–

butaneconomicexpansion.Therisingvolumeoftrade–

moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates

–

isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,

and

logistics

(物流)

haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets–

whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice

–

agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–

andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansare

payingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeenthrough.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?A)

ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.B)

ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.C)

ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.D)

Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.53.

Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?A)

ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.B)

ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.C)

Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.D)

Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.54.

Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?A)

Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.B)

Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.C)

Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.D)

Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.55.

WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?A)

Competitionfromoverseas.

C)Slacktradeactivities.B)

People'sreluctancetospend.

D)Decreasingproductivity.56.

Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?A)

Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.B)

Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.C)

Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.D)

Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

PassageTwoQuestions57

to

61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnew

knowledgeintonewproductsandservices.Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinstemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.We

shouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercialisationactivity.Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewp