中英互譯素混凝土的尺寸效應(yīng)及動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)

外文翻譯之譯文部分鄭州大學(xué)水利水電工程2006級(jí)PAGE1素混凝土的尺寸效應(yīng)及動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)水利水電工程3班20060510337仲青華指導(dǎo)老師：郭進(jìn)軍摘要：本文研究了素混凝土試樣動(dòng)力響應(yīng)的尺寸效應(yīng)。該報(bào)告是根據(jù)作者和其他人的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)并考慮了梁的蠕變、彎曲影響下的梁和受軸向沖擊載荷作用的圓柱體的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果。尺寸效應(yīng)是通過(guò)使用Ba?ant的規(guī)模效應(yīng)法和多重標(biāo)法則來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)的，而且縮放模式能夠捕捉尺寸效應(yīng)的強(qiáng)度。對(duì)于斷裂能，換言之，規(guī)模效應(yīng)僅僅體現(xiàn)在影響率上。在準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)荷載作用下，受壓素混凝土對(duì)試件尺寸更加不敏感。但是在沖擊作用下，壓縮反應(yīng)相對(duì)于彎曲作用似乎更依賴(lài)尺寸。然而，考慮到應(yīng)力變化率的影響，彎曲響應(yīng)描繪了更加重要的尺寸效應(yīng)，它類(lèi)似于準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)荷載作用下的響應(yīng)。DOI（數(shù)字對(duì)象唯一標(biāo)識(shí)）:10.1061/（ASCE）0899-1561（2006）18:4（485）湊土運(yùn)木常工刷程扒數(shù)則據(jù)鋪庫(kù)倘主屆題忽詞氣：增斷去裂姥；大混爛凝抹土紅；射尺皺寸浪效諷應(yīng)占；炊動(dòng)海態(tài)奔響檢應(yīng)那。

屆前即言慕

躁躁曲測(cè)謀尺贏度咐問(wèn)袋題帥在拼任機(jī)何垃物鵲理純理后論勉都夸具慎有英重衣要弄地葵位累。湯在燙最膚近攏的利一廟篇似B清a雄?去a在n帽t滋所老寫(xiě)體的廟文功章溉中萬(wàn)介罪紹嘗了風(fēng)運(yùn)味用工固逃體星力溉學(xué)殖解密決湖這噴一擋問(wèn)蛙題渣的含歷紫史歲。認(rèn)在孫現(xiàn)船代蝴，遭自齊從堵W蒙e筋i資b壟u鍛l燙l向提鏡出煙其晉辦憲法枯以甚來(lái)濟(jì)該偵問(wèn)荒題動(dòng)已擴(kuò)經(jīng)家歸潮于情統(tǒng)警計(jì)傾學(xué)界領(lǐng)點(diǎn)域并，六其村方等法流是咸基義于劍“鑄薄恒弱錯(cuò)環(huán)僚節(jié)踢”摘理怪念喘和語(yǔ)“幫薄衫弱縱環(huán)族節(jié)默”買(mǎi)的沉發(fā)個(gè)生往概話率敲隨教試峽樣放尺檢寸栽大際增愧大丙而顏增親加另。霸早填些訪時(shí)孟候率，案G歪r促i竊f套f涂i李t飾h環(huán)的今基煮于夫能地量如的莖用斷于要解碎決襲裂克紋凍擴(kuò)客展周的南方柄法巾假枯象董過(guò)闊規(guī)減模暢效脈應(yīng)籍，撥不鉤過(guò)礦這寺種罪方跌法貧具移有能物來(lái)質(zhì)蝴依蛋賴(lài)補(bǔ)性歸。左在顆過(guò)蚊去蒜的朱幾森十亮年聚中略，希在萍過(guò)粘去拾的鏡幾蕉十末年聯(lián)中邊，務(wù)有醫(yī)許漿多屈關(guān)津于廊準(zhǔn)什脆瓦性案材奉料蒸試筍件棚尺臣寸丈效姑應(yīng)頭的霞報(bào)碎告寸。朽針恩對(duì)糠這遺些宴材銹料俗，飛B朗a漿?指a勾n利t伸認(rèn)徒為妨源默于沖裂縫紋點(diǎn)能蒙量棄吸肢收膽率銀和稈釋滅放諷率隆的必不乘匹店配矛。互能側(cè)量船吸竊收造率晃的掙增買(mǎi)加溜的青很勿大循一都部藏分蓬隨擁著綿尺洋寸笨平金方繳的內(nèi)增侵加幸而洗增泳加低，針然常而磁釋磨放授率返的拿增盯加扛確撐實(shí)世線狠性腿的懷。茫因塑此棵，銅通仆過(guò)圾減腦少擇標(biāo)數(shù)本繡的生能社源宴釋淋放卵率科，誼減租少執(zhí)名秒義庸應(yīng)浸力跌被冬看繩作楚是票補(bǔ)借償宇差均額城的息一夕種仍手臉段駁。撒不囑同秒于絡(luò)準(zhǔn)旨靜造態(tài)丟荷隱載兇，罩在佛動(dòng)段力晉學(xué)偏領(lǐng)瘡域媽樣幻本驢尺介寸戀效曉應(yīng)寬的誓研茶究陵還安沒(méi)配有撇獲夠得寨很術(shù)大邁的另重自視召。眼這順?lè)N永嘗講試嚴(yán)是臘主版要緞限況于留纖基維冒增控強(qiáng)坑聚柔合伍物便。么關(guān)網(wǎng)于蝶水隊(duì)泥請(qǐng)基燥材劇料嶺的寒?dāng)?shù)衡據(jù)厭極意為伍稀煤缺燈并訂且沿近粘期婚已坑開(kāi)智始尺關(guān)惑注柔沖偶擊挽速擋率奮。姨設(shè)駕計(jì)躲規(guī)蒙范游及蘆試手驗(yàn)?zāi)c標(biāo)投準(zhǔn)施方墊法私的茂缺露乏汽阻特止饅我撈們鼓賦東予少建歷筑臺(tái)材永料視抵蹲抗欲沖丹擊刷和亦爆惡炸記的男能才力嶺。共此哥外玉，砌沖廣擊醒試均驗(yàn)央介美紹編一亦些壩不派相必干扶的盜影遲響掠，萌諸轉(zhuǎn)如酷慣架性胃和蜘試尿驗(yàn)呈機(jī)夕的拜影陳響分。初也奏許祝最派嚴(yán)享重懲的被障霧礙恨是搭水斧泥播基屑復(fù)樣合賣(mài)材啟料糊的雙固摔有響的脆應(yīng)沫力堆變既化滿率音敏泊感貓性茄。險(xiǎn)M蓋o晌r屯t陽(yáng)o珍n親說(shuō)勉建侵立爺一圾個(gè)搶精膀確仙的侄速慈率堡敏業(yè)感愁性浴材皺料暑的驚規(guī)儀模柜模呆型湊是踏不戶太見(jiàn)可泰能凳的簽。跑此臟外邁，療在斑動(dòng)悼力嘗作躁用僚下維尺筑度丈模焦式鄙的達(dá)適效宜賊性旗仍嘆在虎研笑究厭中闖在置本罩文晶中撐，疊我跡們毒將佛著避重朽研水究幅在花高門(mén)頻盾應(yīng)寄力自作醫(yī)用肝下款水衡泥膠基薪材壓料軍的效尺映寸種問(wèn)改題誦。鍬在棉本量文狂中驢，阻關(guān)寶于賣(mài)混刃凝受土閃沖禁擊撿反巨應(yīng)律的流尺狠寸親效酒應(yīng)爭(zhēng)將仙通頓過(guò)傷對(duì)決其綿他致學(xué)假者眉發(fā)悲表繳的內(nèi)數(shù)能據(jù)輩的記估汪計(jì)提來(lái)邀闡鍬明羽。臂為夕我臭們毅所冒熟澤悉坊的謹(jǐn)用余于刑準(zhǔn)娃靜蓬態(tài)勢(shì)荷更載嚼的胃標(biāo)撫度娃率裁在孫動(dòng)餃應(yīng)補(bǔ)力限作艘用藏的蒜背蝕景只下品將詞被徒再戒度供審屬視鼠。危這盞篇銷(xiāo)文犁章震,墨討民論也試膨樣屠尺額寸痰、安強(qiáng)暗度翅矩檔陣備、污應(yīng)識(shí)力乏速遣率并敏宅感摟性宇及圖加決載己形悶式犯之駁間羨的抓相孤互睬作撲用掌。驅(qū)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)脆匪性騎系跨統(tǒng)溝的綁標(biāo)巡度垂律史并偷圈士眾趣所壓周藝知經(jīng)，縣素典混很凝晉土欲準(zhǔn)黨靜訓(xùn)態(tài)萄響躲應(yīng)干受擺試誓樣腦尺涉寸繭的盈影疾響揀。檔幾匙十送年役來(lái)堤收坡集姓的聯(lián)資按料圍的碰顯短示雪了漆結(jié)強(qiáng)構(gòu)潛用云混亞凝細(xì)土紡在撇壓漿縮鞠、凍拉溫伸談、親彎哄曲幕、貍剪膛切恭、稍扭益轉(zhuǎn)古作督用炒下坐其貼性熄能痰對(duì)席尺極寸斥強(qiáng)潮烈銜的剝依貨賴(lài)肺性矩。悶三誠(chéng)種奪方甚法膝主消導(dǎo)損了膜對(duì)洗準(zhǔn)我脆身性頂材澤料域尺述寸滋效灑應(yīng)侍的奉研杠究柱：愿襲田遮槍1供.通暗隨陶機(jī)原強(qiáng)烏度辛的驚統(tǒng)匪計(jì)溪理訪論介；害扁怎侍階2切.枝真寬洲裂?？p噸導(dǎo)勿致白應(yīng)冊(cè)力鑒重堆分胳布疊和有斷誤裂裝能賽的拖釋務(wù)放宵的碗理誘論背；

館謙座供草3繼.儀天裂泳紋番分隔形丹性緞理成論爭(zhēng)。齡摘趟扭辛這期篇鉛文懷章談的餅重百點(diǎn)帆是驅(qū)后嬌兩場(chǎng)種卷模根型攀并豈且脖將農(nóng)檢演驗(yàn)歌動(dòng)張荷紛載楊作曬用曉下肅素打混裂凝慎土凳的車(chē)尺見(jiàn)寸投效鴨應(yīng)哭。闖螺逐扔大味生醋臘臂厭廟島喜晴得嘩令陰已圖扇1京綠齊標(biāo)何度孕率瓦描腸述忌素響混粉凝愛(ài)土支的雞尺遵寸著效眠應(yīng)躍B敗a齒?備a競(jìng)n陣t環(huán)尺鋪寸弟效重應(yīng)相律廣（姻B票a澡?忘a芝n襲t免1占9倆8款4格）

男投予瓣雅據(jù)吐B美a拌?卻a痕n督t狠，鍛固術(shù)體陸的廣尺赤寸脈效啞應(yīng)羞是伏從逆適友用任于辯小紅尺抱寸寇試座樣傘的甘塑養(yǎng)性投強(qiáng)懷度隸準(zhǔn)梅則潤(rùn)向怕大脾尺庫(kù)寸鮮試浩樣鞠中幣?；\見(jiàn)繼線汗彈錢(qián)性罪斷板裂赴力蟲(chóng)學(xué)井裂鞠縫歇尺談寸蔑依符賴(lài)泡性透的屈一藥種磨平壇穩(wěn)聯(lián)過(guò)核渡講。尼一繡系羊列到幾悔何流相竿似臟的瓦混收凝撕土跟試周樣傍的滲破麥壞笑應(yīng)金力屬通尼過(guò)泥下育列包無(wú)蜂窮萬(wàn)級(jí)厲數(shù)思來(lái)握描驕?zhǔn)鼋樱籂?zhēng)紐撕織籃罪捐這智鳥(niǎo)鞠治交芹}縱縮(枝1涂)礎(chǔ)d度為蓬特饑征版尺掏寸迎；蜘B傾,萌存和釋腎是念實(shí)燃驗(yàn)域數(shù)江據(jù)精中割的穗經(jīng)思驗(yàn)壯常秩數(shù)杰。廉因錄為絞尺赤寸取，吼無(wú)錘窮痛級(jí)淺數(shù)弊公冰式買(mǎi)（藥1銀）振能半化滔簡(jiǎn)脅為招兩獸項(xiàng)褲。尺因墳此數(shù)，痛B衫a跌?趴a或n來(lái)t曾的超尺停寸責(zé)律策簡(jiǎn)翠化確為效刺披丟捕桃樂(lè)蝦賞月遣譜泄皺許營(yíng)桂撈輝抖握類(lèi)皺伴誓璃豈朽律仿跌直造禾誤轎獄(溫2墻)臥多班邊比標(biāo)支度稈律懼（藥C冤a排r摔p炒i集n嗚t雨e跌r初i另?yè)p和粘C錄h巖i義a鴉i駱a胸悅1姥9烏9季7逐）糕仁暈接梳C約a劑r貫p求i等n牢t乘e傍r扛i舅和波他畫(huà)的鄙同喂事奸通岔過(guò)凱使禍用避自廁相縫似忽形臨態(tài)碼學(xué)可的屆概脾念帝和蔥被頑稱(chēng)保作氏分竿形牲的砍非錦整朝數(shù)傲尺幻寸塌來(lái)小描綠述靜諸花如延混塵凝喝土怎這科樣嫂的誦準(zhǔn)恒脆濤性閉材湯料冤的療微壩觀勻結(jié)照構(gòu)曲。倚隨框著友探召測(cè)鹽程哈度陷的究加菠深幼，誓拓良撲戀分送形樂(lè)性以被情認(rèn)綁為托將君要額消劃失岸。柴由秤于候這雕一向混屠合撿材滿料夠依國(guó)然鋼不濁受幕尺額寸默影償響皂，鳥(niǎo)因咸此戀他扶們吐假回定腸宏任觀腎尺孤寸攜對(duì)皮力蔥學(xué)杜性餓能歲的赴影霸響付是快試婆樣摟尺窯寸坡b撥和尺特拴征謹(jǐn)長(zhǎng)控度某相貼互啊作陵用溜的爛結(jié)喚果懷。賠在致此輔假墻設(shè)彩基滴礎(chǔ)狹之灘上花，惑建蛛議備如拋下驅(qū)所標(biāo)示蓮的狗多后分胸形末標(biāo)蠅定義律斷（魂M充F舅S宏L旗）?。和跀嘲Y竹傾容堆獨(dú)茶勁督容攜度彈傅可欣被(顛3甘)緩此沃處襯場(chǎng)為頁(yè)尺畜寸昂無(wú)戴限火大寧前司提稼下躁的屬名咱義仍應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)力圾的首漸柄近駁值去。破（鉤和萬(wàn)B競(jìng)E蘋(píng)S掏L疊截求然趨不頁(yè)同雙的必是洗，姓M躺F灑S舊L憲似梨乎賺適森合須無(wú)肅凹聰槽躺的哨試權(quán)樣轎，鄰因重為頁(yè)試芽樣好仍受然笨有命殘燙余擾應(yīng)江力左即縫使滋尺特寸澆很墻大黎。府圖首2牢扮均1附9本9置2膽年探B坡a蜘?決a宰n扎t包出和基G趣e弊t瓶t瞞u尸荷每載稱(chēng)關(guān)梨系摘試膏驗(yàn)熊的拖尺腸寸拾數(shù)接據(jù)日及脖試露驗(yàn)自細(xì)他節(jié)饑材和料或，許試莊樣飛和能試損驗(yàn)手的昌細(xì)魂節(jié)熔張負(fù)撒彩為剩了促準(zhǔn)妹備冤這肢篇葉論遙文紐，擠下羨面席的躺研亮究交數(shù)柏?fù)?jù)搭已說(shuō)被殲整欄理之：黑B慮a漲?帽a泊n運(yùn)t寺瞞和臣腿G恰e畝t竟t憑u演尊（監(jiān)1局9獸9店2及）雄,襯鴨C寺h亞e侮n曬賭（盤(pán)1善9窩9繭5掉）饑,悼取K藝r慰a樸u星t溪h半a樓m參m敢e們r(jià)子等葡人傭（卸2迫0葉0摧3桶）福,轟霞E痛l欣f述a斃h搬a杏l逮潮等日人痛忽（做2他0嘆0驗(yàn)4釋?zhuān)┡?略同梢時(shí)替還根有增最敘近慌的迅研悅究踢數(shù)格據(jù)鵝。貼在獅這選樣皆的隸運(yùn)出用烘中櫻，棒研缺究景范脆圍子內(nèi)瞇配致合鼓比醒設(shè)弊計(jì)指，箭試腰樣郊和麥測(cè)劑試答設(shè)泡置漏的支變憂化迫是耐可牙以貧預(yù)藏料著的屈。圍然菌而門(mén)，澆一唐些銀常晨見(jiàn)蔑相仔似蓮之壤處傻被澆認(rèn)芝為埋是掃一蹈些劈結(jié)噴果報(bào)分竭析族的優(yōu)證春明旅。沈例諸如賤，姜通遙常戒情么況逐下朽，激普襖通父強(qiáng)織度膏混培凝躬土塵2頁(yè)8嘴天屬抗檔壓青強(qiáng)瞞度槐介燥于弊2殊7籍至英4除0芬M醫(yī)P巴a德之捐間刻。坡彎引曲花試娃驗(yàn)竄中削，隔梁電具奏有孕介縫于耗2掌.怠5鈔至膛3廟之重間鐵的楚跨示高等比檔同矛時(shí)維在搏相末似贈(zèng)的末支糖撐件條臥件貸下雖試產(chǎn)驗(yàn)脂。墊B唱a站?摟a攤n頸t例曾和宿G俊e端t躁t藏u御試凳驗(yàn)?zāi)ǎ▋?沉9蝦9緞2逐）噴滴伶專(zhuān)坊如意圖互2桶所診示密，任開(kāi)遷槽姜梁憲（積槽沙深展=提1遠(yuǎn)/旁6來(lái)梁鞭高帖，熄試裁樣抹尺段寸德比該例原1包：迫2近：綿4位）魯經(jīng)郊過(guò)式了奇調(diào)密查數(shù)。運(yùn)最章大比整辜數(shù)脾尺寨寸糧是肌1缸3街m脾m抵。煉在脆這孔次綠素悄混尖凝素土燒卸貌載嫌研止究棕中察，凝最耍大型時(shí)棍間欺高牲峰原在澆1危.雷2丹至耳2頓0蔑0鋸0吐0解s坡間航變簡(jiǎn)化擔(dān)。呆三蒼個(gè)雪分缺別旨被犧測(cè)熄試汪用去來(lái)歸獲逼取休各貨自著的臘數(shù)什據(jù)末點(diǎn)牌。尖來(lái)泄自赤K拴r介a伴u彼t侄h導(dǎo)a刷m能m惜e甩r晃豪等盤(pán)人評(píng)（壟2赤0記0勵(lì)3售)技及民E按l挽f扁a崗h慰a漸l諒謝等勻人息（刻2弄0世0芬4船）撒的身結(jié)礙果肥警烘蔬菠如購(gòu)圖正3授靜所鴿示遙，斤這小項(xiàng)悄研梨究分測(cè)蘭試卡了果四陳組吩如壩下白不憂同抱尺偷寸吊的倍混盒凝傅土撇圓忍柱專(zhuān)體劑：脈直管徑殊和字高微分漆別腳為巨：晝7程5鳳和近1圓5鉤0感m吩m唉；拖1佛5賭0匠和慈3需0呈0畢m桂m陸；敞3移0柿0洋和譜6純0敵0同m莫m訴；晚6劑0倡0禮和膚1奴2丸0灑0面m忌m巷。憐除項(xiàng)了飲普拼通員的范混億凝浪土食配腰置塑強(qiáng)汽度?。蔈定l案f臘a桐h獵a縫l滴e冷t著罩等趨人蝕[奪2當(dāng)0娃0姑4在]午）霧，蒙高愛(ài)強(qiáng)協(xié)混執(zhí)凝忠土送圓氣柱疫體另（蓬K霜r根a血u而t縣h炮a袍m垮m諸e鬼r雜等紛人化[趕盲2鎖0斯0佳3煉]剪）知的跪抗咳壓草強(qiáng)菜度帥可撒達(dá)苦到位1困0材0葉M吩P者a但。庫(kù)每都個(gè)沉數(shù)盆據(jù)陵點(diǎn)初都暑是億通親過(guò)拖測(cè)除試懸三占件茫試射樣握獲腸得鴨的柜。妄圓圍柱感體率試屆樣惕在歡準(zhǔn)箭靜楊態(tài)陷及元兩秒種榆不深同益速魂率始的既沖站擊機(jī)荷舊載墾作托用到條安件孕下善接嗎受究測(cè)順試嗽，亂沖捉擊皮荷甘載障速臣率寸分愉別嗎為喉5侄m碼/西s齡和獨(dú)7課m派/卻s混?？鸽m梳然送使旬用薦了吹四網(wǎng)種壤質(zhì)清量低不濾同萬(wàn)的析力挨錘鋪（新6寸0洪k辛g鄙至柴3退0圍0殺0張k逆g跑）迎，歐在膏整迫個(gè)夠進(jìn)丟程翁中軋，脖沖帆擊挽速瓶率叔始蔥終脖保除持央為規(guī)常頭數(shù)滾。辜圖市3想罩椅K旅r譽(yù)a都u與t朽h蘭a寺m規(guī)m臨e親r武袖等劑人差獄（蠻2外0涼0偵3支）棒及姨仁E嫌l汗f宜a辯h狐a瑞l拒祝等生人筑（框2居0朝0枝4偷）繩的賽抗簽壓刺試園驗(yàn)叛中廈圓瀉柱蝶體落尺旋寸右圖另4惕歷谷本趕次灑研嫂究且中降彎品曲誘試導(dǎo)驗(yàn)霸梁培（毀方刻形恩截喂面失）汽的應(yīng)尺砍寸肅（治注鬧：后準(zhǔn)信靜余態(tài)景試辛驗(yàn)刺采個(gè)用惹四德點(diǎn)糠加枕載睜方取式名進(jìn)匯行扮；阻梁獲的訂實(shí)銀際給尺蔥寸到為誘：仍5崗0蜻0北×才1牛5東0仗×麻1慮5混0衰,正3受5巾0濟(jì)×伶1彈0敬0貝×紹1趙0搖0斜,血4憂5抹0恨×狡5曲0魔×撇5灰0直,決這沈?qū)Ц露菓一钐袅荛L(zhǎng)五度擱分同別州為滿2妥5膽m倦m吉，蠶2幕5結(jié)m萌m賤，錯(cuò)1塊5室0蛙m轟m濃）薯研晉究扒現(xiàn)劫狀斷邪填嘴挺在脅三脹點(diǎn)災(zāi)沖綱擊粉荷焦載釋作抗用箱下岡對(duì)作三庭種寇不捏同置尺外寸洗的禿素奮混撲凝賞土推梁有進(jìn)刷行最測(cè)底試賠，俱通翼過(guò)丟使壇用赤6侮0粘k貞g肢的薯力鄙錘醬，臭沖戴擊滅試音驗(yàn)雁在謹(jǐn)如蛾下解四彼種感沖撒擊意速叔率節(jié)下顯進(jìn)闖行潔：擱1皂.問(wèn)9恨8挎,鋤社3咳.腔1血3底,瓶櫻3漁.斤8始3賄,寶舉和贊址4殿.掘4邀3熄m呆/降s沃。病每貝個(gè)金數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)膚點(diǎn)瓜通西過(guò)弓6改個(gè)俗試牛樣養(yǎng)來(lái)鳳采盜集梢。套彎搖曲普試徒驗(yàn)牢中杏的洗尺肺寸草和稈試栽驗(yàn)徒條謹(jǐn)件療如炭圖長(zhǎng)4虹所蘋(píng)示頃。投三瘡種彈尺崗寸星試撿樣牛的凍懸篇挑蹦長(zhǎng)碑度璃如扁下愧：稍毅5歪0贊×得5隨0漿×勤1姻5夾0吸蓄型調(diào)號(hào)企梁牢為佛1秒5塞0紹m柴m都,敘結(jié)1攏0鎖0壟×欠1碗0狗0賽×翅3度0始0窮型布號(hào)鹽梁惜為澆2斧5堪m縮m暑,藝抹1趕5辛0顆×四1早5具0遮×柄4姑5嘴0協(xié)型稠號(hào)恢梁壇為胖2漢5閥m恭m涉。蓮[標(biāo)借悠助師于唇公秀式幫（倘4孤）鳴懸禁挑鹽長(zhǎng)懸度魚(yú)被處考煉慮青到帶，捉公拼式爪中疤考父慮麗了鹽慣鋸性苦校山正牧。蝶]添愛(ài)最彎大俗骨寶料寶粒冬徑致為例1寬0礎(chǔ)毫盲米榮。鬼準(zhǔn)諸靜襖態(tài)之?dāng)?shù)走據(jù)神從恭c殃h隙e豈n令（網(wǎng)1瓣9鑒9集5望）僵的榴研犬究女中置獲楚得類(lèi)，臺(tái)他您按峰照閱美訓(xùn)國(guó)棒材譯料斜標(biāo)室準(zhǔn)陣（彎A榴S為T(mén)納M疏）足方岡法肺和憤日峰本丟土貍木墳工豐程以協(xié)弄會(huì)欣方剝法乳（在J斃S懂C衫E悠-攜S蒙F歪4晉）艘，陳在荒四附點(diǎn)領(lǐng)加版載已的裹條扎件矛下戀對(duì)尾梁件進(jìn)秧行登檢序測(cè)曠。兆綠逮銳錫B左a越?嶼a殿n嘉t課指帆出恰，立為薪了協(xié)研老究標(biāo)試緞樣融的塞尺靠寸醋效甜應(yīng)粱（勸B全a憲?爬a紐n布t概1惰9池8俱4翼）驚至南少液需澆要顫研惰究劈三粘種俊不目同擔(dān)尺酷寸動(dòng)的考試蠶樣味，融并饒且屈必確須禍按食一位定爹比唉例騎縮螺放跳（澇如肌1勞：勤2豐：白4帳）著。程然番而骨，撥在情現(xiàn)距今墳研后究基中搜，阿學(xué)制者宅們悉被貝沖功床介作離用田下下劈當(dāng)裂勇楔旺形罵物行的償尺揮寸斜所呀限山制黃；刷因鉤此逮，甲梁川的晉尺戰(zhàn)寸始比慌例獨(dú)為淚1關(guān)：蝴2助：先4頓。鳥(niǎo)此意外昨，酬對(duì)唯于餅沖斷擊指荷騰載尊作功用遇下莊的襖素餡混捆凝鄙土獵梁誤，疤試棉驗(yàn)魯荷饅載穿記墻錄叔期慮間漁必配須甚留米心退考僵慮煎荷翻載藥的儲(chǔ)慣錯(cuò)性詢(xún)成劈分億。宣對(duì)福于漏三擴(kuò)點(diǎn)往荷敬載奏作禿用耀下皺的劣梁紫（矛B適a斥n叔t評(píng)h淘i臣a罰惕1霜9遇8喜7論）壯，踏B糖a螺n載t逃h鄙i枕a脊通凍過(guò)榨下辛式惰來(lái)浪描咽述由慣段性撿校呀正題：叉倡英快掉開(kāi)瘦久廈裂莊私慘壺清財(cái)棄必（通4麗）薄因冶此叔，京梁服沖零擊各試粒驗(yàn)診中祥，雅實(shí)宇際蹤應(yīng)叢力產(chǎn)荷用載斯是勞通沾過(guò)仰下孫式掘獲烤得度：艙杠厘臺(tái)譜鴿返均黨焰史卡浸喉貿(mào)粥刑截螺栗浙渠奪趴唇周混壩糧（圾5蛾）倚此辱處眼為車(chē)力之錘狡記氣錄拔的笛荷圖載全。拾討舒論歸強(qiáng)劃度嶺造矩孔盾借移助栗于引數(shù)俯學(xué)新軟巖件酷，失本敗次弄研溉究密中開(kāi)沖洲擊份試科驗(yàn)庭的朋結(jié)駱果然以鋪及者從瘋先廢前爐論加文激中購(gòu)獲京得土的現(xiàn)結(jié)漸果濟(jì)都扣與斯B訪a候?享a瞇n叢t云的拔尺寄寸敲效愿應(yīng)怎規(guī)法律賊[煙公即式制2管]束相較吻艦合看，植運(yùn)繡用己L曬e枯v嫩e法n母b軌e彈r園g妹-尖稅M掌a籌r環(huán)q景u詳a參r稀d改t卡準(zhǔn)該則銅，掛得驅(qū)到蛛了扛及南優(yōu)鬼化辜值誦。遭類(lèi)萬(wàn)似怕的冷，叉公騰式挑3梁中艷相李同壤的嘉數(shù)絲據(jù)反由蝶多務(wù)重鈔標(biāo)命度商律佩得旨到泊，硬其仔中初的倒和頃的朋優(yōu)先化捷值使也宿是喬通襖過(guò)湯曲喜線醬擬使合檢獲染得晶的恩。投圖仗·殺5笛顯茂示惠了梅來(lái)瞞自喉不蠻同我應(yīng)歉力叢加穴載期速勁率涉的笨混限凝旱土肯標(biāo)棉準(zhǔn)抵強(qiáng)偽度爹壓甚縮糞試海驗(yàn)火的懷數(shù)戒據(jù)蹦（紡E希l饒f耕a放h撤a莖l揉等翁人很2輕0檢0榨4椅）顫。女這刷些撐數(shù)賓據(jù)謹(jǐn)?shù)氖桌L必制輸是癢根浩據(jù)盞B朗S諸E繪L勢(shì)，柱并岔且聞逐雜漸偷明付顯鞏的奸顯告示環(huán)出候?qū)︻}更到高坑加庭載贊速館率宋荷皮載狐的邀線貿(mào)彈綁性館反血應(yīng)比。昌顯座然綿，海對(duì)住于霉壓豬縮膨強(qiáng)彩度藏存弱在煩尺平寸訊效泡應(yīng)鄭，欄它抗隨準(zhǔn)著菊加邁載花速委率定的坑增籮加倒而快更張加燈明我顯導(dǎo)。循在晴圖階6濁中鴨同梨樣染的私數(shù)兼據(jù)拜是揮是微按飽照醋M扮F毫S掩L應(yīng)描救述篩的管。霜正然如姻B企S幟E牧L景撫，的荷皆載各速歇率打的暈增窮加窗同們樣描導(dǎo)乓致中了耕更驗(yàn)加熟明棒顯恨的蔥尺栗寸鴿效羨應(yīng)祥。揭然固而過(guò)，伶依居據(jù)嘆M仁F躬S序L睛,趕沖御擊攔速標(biāo)率勞的始增旬加宮將翠導(dǎo)駱致軟試勿件認(rèn)特凳征興長(zhǎng)沿度誓的轎增輝加畜。來(lái)在物此屯，堂我蠅們炕驚阿奇否地劣發(fā)束現(xiàn)炎在挎低獵速扯率雕情寇況嘆下蜂（貨<英1屈0闊m瓜/蒙s季）菠，綿梁駐斷儉裂素所拆需拴要玉的及能叫量墾隨捆著治荷茅載圓速續(xù)率柴的委加內(nèi)大屆而偷升添高奧。迫這掘種蹄現(xiàn)求象毛不搬僅潤(rùn)僅拉見(jiàn)榨于唉普圣通兵強(qiáng)個(gè)度擊素灣混蝕凝免土就，延在哄高止強(qiáng)昆混挎凝勸土加、怪纖忙維旦混丟凝久土耍以貼及槽傳援統(tǒng)保的林鋼葉筋殊混龜凝殼土哪中刑也謹(jǐn)很亡常冒見(jiàn)按（豐B聰a難n美t兇h躲i馳a械破1跨9無(wú)8斗7闊）綱。所搏戶德圾圖衡7堤和扔圖閉8秀分京別仇按泡照皺B亭S桂E泛L杜和闖M膽F蠅S具L徑來(lái)墻描旦述野素務(wù)混葬凝關(guān)土畏的優(yōu)彎止曲竹響負(fù)應(yīng)灣。釘再登次窄注竊意灰，紛雖吧然值兩糟種蹤模責(zé)型城都晶預(yù)午測(cè)慧尺址寸孕效藝應(yīng)捉都王隨壩著訓(xùn)應(yīng)福力途速被率皮的目增坦加遺二噸更虎加易明編顯參，姨B逆S泉E妻L進(jìn)模甲型騾顯載示鋼的筋確野實(shí)版如扯此蒜，盾但飲M淺F肺S怨L專(zhuān)顯佛示銳的依卻伙恰腰恰奔相忽反盡。湯B界S擱E開(kāi)L策主勺要新適挪用看于姿切沸口叫試反件雖。模然辛而雄，勇從柳圖嘗5蝕和瞧圖斜7揚(yáng)，爬即案使項(xiàng)對(duì)甚于鏡非鞭切碗口倘試行件繁，風(fēng)B炕S匆E段L鮮描屑述抬的飛亦住是權(quán)如獨(dú)此觸?？卮顺刻幟?，腎需遷要蛋留僵意柔的羊是辰，鑼在雹一度些渠試捷驗(yàn)扭中殘，寄雖遞然顆測(cè)膨試館了關(guān)四旨種槳不撕同青尺肅寸友的副圓聲柱圓體顫（慈E油l考f弱a擋h漸a度l宣等早人偷2求0恐0餡4政）圍，叢然典而籠最鐘小庸試劍件裂（用7然5鮮×噴1濾5飲0待m雀m慎）是的柳屈晌服墨結(jié)糟果欺與框其閉它連三膚件姑試超樣饞的久結(jié)汁果艱不屢一唇致穩(wěn)。湊圖晌5梳至示圖斃8搞中劑的煤試亂樣艙尺擦寸灘變潮化誓比祖例園在描1傷和沃8滋之馬間們。抹在并這跑樣立一粉個(gè)選小船范州圍詳，稠在劉兩哄個(gè)透標(biāo)甚度符律邪的維數(shù)呀據(jù)然重噴疊陵之侮前刷已米經(jīng)炮顯憐現(xiàn)揀上癢述沉的緣不獵一博致盲了轟（丹C怖a買(mǎi)r昂p蘭i志n營(yíng)t貌e掃r泊i生保等招人樓·雕1額9丸9衛(wèi)7賊）視。型其垂他柴研土究樹(shù)人情員笨也房得邊到扁了窮類(lèi)返似薯的蜜事奉實(shí)梢（訊N握f(shuō)住m細(xì)f走c民f碎k豐池a糠n仰d止豈B炊i廟t天t內(nèi)n季a沈r嶺必2紡0在0購(gòu)4流）縫，長(zhǎng)這翼其始中島也鉤包拜括煤試過(guò)樣版尺油寸長(zhǎng)變站化殖比腳例館在眼1武和逐3邊2季之?dāng)r間丟的洋一假項(xiàng)宣研樹(shù)究組，壇其魯試咱樣閉變張化布范大圍慌是緊目欲前泉所桂知狀的炎最胃大勇的敲（漸B熱u尊r您t逝s遮c晴h武e課r猜2誓0跟0配2舌）聯(lián)。丙因越此改，賄由鮮論或文棵中孝的倡數(shù)拼據(jù)努很病難訊判疊斷棋兩鳥(niǎo)種否模屯型場(chǎng)哪跳種攏更灑加階符怨合組試治樣施的叨沖窮擊徒反灶應(yīng)謹(jǐn)。疼圖奴5斑戲竟B徹S側(cè)E紙L醉描帽述撥的住普氧通乏強(qiáng)兩度廊混梯凝伸土績(jī)柱旋的影尺鞭寸誠(chéng)效隔應(yīng)粘圖酸6益轟銷(xiāo)M娛F熄S私L釋描退述飲的軍普仙通卡強(qiáng)餐度類(lèi)混塌凝孕土框柱考的川尺臺(tái)寸證效濱應(yīng)齊加矛載雅配翅置稅的扎影膛響晌組質(zhì)捉煩可月以射看綠出坑，京加略載英類(lèi)磚型醉本鵝身傻影濤響悶尺目寸觀效胸應(yīng)葬。盟圖伍9光和態(tài)圖脖1譯0扒比框較撿了噴在煌兩記種云不擴(kuò)同托加框荷如速吐率秤下圣，捕素洽混粘凝音土農(nóng)的所抗恐壓痕和插抗提彎拴性幼能告。艙注嬌意俗到遷，登對(duì)設(shè)于求沖嗓擊暫反膊應(yīng)挪，塌我浮們茄選朋擇健了建近文乎閣相拐同稠的單沖參擊悄速靈率那以需便洞于趣比版較很。呆早慣期斑的明觀狡測(cè)渠顯下示別即誰(shuí)使膏在三傳薪授艘動(dòng)盲能御不腫同遲的永情堵況光下條，掘只雹要叉加懶荷正的呆速優(yōu)率主相獻(xiàn)同全，嗓不繩同廉機(jī)隔器陪加化載槳下貸的忌試艷樣拌其技沖安擊慎反貧應(yīng)便依粱然柏可初以植比襲較猴。匠圖盲9白和降圖銷(xiāo)1覆0乞顯兇示撈，恥兩罪種執(zhí)模慎型昌都咸顯局示庫(kù)在捷準(zhǔn)史靜鵝態(tài)劍荷床載弱作蔥用識(shí)下猾，蹄受滅壓完的臉?biāo)厍蚧旒裟焱辽囀綐庸辔鼘?duì)醉受船玩做試勁樣銳表裙現(xiàn)魔出臂更鈔少象的咐尺捎寸訪效汗應(yīng)蹄。差這燥與鈴以針前密的連研彼究炮（患K責(zé)i擺m潑熱a齡n特d狼符Y互i復(fù)面2漲0鉆0蛛2邊）濁是降一馬致能的具，授顯兔而蟲(chóng)易劃見(jiàn)禿，租受濫壓學(xué)試灣樣脹的旅尺襯寸所效攔應(yīng)禮不蠟如貨受承軸久向仿拉由力反作箱用枕時(shí)拉尺蘇寸達(dá)效腥應(yīng)元明付顯此。矮這景被璃認(rèn)貝為屆是葬由廈于士在錫壓擱縮笨過(guò)緒程蹲中渴存雄在催許渠多蘿微成裂健紋盞，灘相啞對(duì)佛受您拉篩時(shí)蠅，僚這兵些秋微陶裂臣紋斃擴(kuò)命展虹范進(jìn)圍谷更古廣跌。允然嚷而蹦，摔由座圖轉(zhuǎn)9斑和聯(lián)圖住1崗0鉤可臟知耗，先尺教寸聞效岸應(yīng)上對(duì)亦于寧受抖壓愧更棕加攀敏最感瀉。玉那姜么插，匆高仍應(yīng)貨力側(cè)速我率牢是忍否代會(huì)近導(dǎo)螞致挺試猴樣內(nèi)分繩別鏟受吼壓沉和由受設(shè)彎扣時(shí)肉尺哲寸吧效畜應(yīng)拾的火轉(zhuǎn)虜變阻呢號(hào)？們細(xì)壁炭壯擋朝起梯繼娘陸圖呢7充生班B益S可E玩L楊描敲述模的擊普注通賤強(qiáng)悲度宵梁真（欣最疏近浩研療究被）忙的設(shè)尺烘寸拋效嚇應(yīng)膛為諸了汁解悠決胖這配個(gè)薄問(wèn)父題而，沃讓謀我野們芝來(lái)壟檢關(guān)測(cè)包試歇樣很受脅沖地?fù)粢u荷李載負(fù)作咳用閃時(shí)待的拐應(yīng)鑰力斧速笑率截。沾正構(gòu)如噸先膀前用指錯(cuò)出超的琴（停B俊i歲n豈d加i抹g鮮a僻n稠a勁v唱i俱l換e貿(mào)濁a誕n意d婚繳B骨a角n駁t星h盡i燦a育可2準(zhǔn)0仔0桿4選）毯，秋在申混溜凝涌土刑的權(quán)沖遮擊鴉試?yán)躜?yàn)惹中膠，躺不壺同溪尺紡寸虹的嘴試杰樣傷經(jīng)樣歷萌了你不屬同射的任應(yīng)岔力冷速今率棉。瘋?cè)缌D彎1龜1沃疤所傻示臂，食試蛋件認(rèn)尺歐寸陪越惜小母，膏承席受面的珠應(yīng)擠力搖速喬率渣越淡高綿。匆對(duì)之于潮應(yīng)觸力自速跟率汗敏庫(kù)感師的構(gòu)材韻料耕，眠如仇混殘凝隆土茅，臣應(yīng)朵力嫁速到率廚越言高篩，餅表垃觀同強(qiáng)牽度拉愈管高蒜。席所且以齡我其們瞧不粉能拉確座定膀，僻更梅大歪尺木寸敲的揮試稿樣敵表屯觀搜強(qiáng)椅度亡的點(diǎn)下猴降餓是陜由干于筆尺扮寸喂效鍋應(yīng)帆還蹄是啊由幟于裝相夕對(duì)驕小海尺修寸炮試母樣光，資它毫承壁受批了畝相駕對(duì)麻更共低瞞的笑應(yīng)層力潔速抗率磚。寸請(qǐng)它那旨徑圖乳8瓣餡獎(jiǎng)M松F罵S艙L消描狼述絲的檔普墻通辜強(qiáng)痰度何梁英（欣最薦近榜研漏究濕）童的欄尺耗寸儲(chǔ)效坡應(yīng)跌顯筑然慚，磚應(yīng)能力云變琴化代率波效賞應(yīng)勿影限響努試壇件逢的貝尺告寸飽效儲(chǔ)應(yīng)教。凳在千本濕項(xiàng)邊研貪究昨中峽，爭(zhēng)根且據(jù)敢對(duì)委施笛加勇于腔試嶄件擋的培參柄考欠應(yīng)未力有速暮率蹦，秤對(duì)烘沖騎擊溝試頁(yè)驗(yàn)歐的習(xí)結(jié)閘果控進(jìn)股行展了貸歸狹一利化奏（釀圓欲柱丘體慈3與0炎0法×救6宇0顧0態(tài)m雕m斗；浮梁目:弄昌1城0度0付×屋1陸0她0捐×厲3央0件0散m怕m液）視。心圖建1粒2民和權(quán)圖免1拜3昆顯狹示輛了階素?fù)艋煦^凝躍土視壓汁彎驕試厚驗(yàn)喘的襯標(biāo)蔑準(zhǔn)頑化桑結(jié)壯果車(chē)。攜我呼們脹注詠意蔽到讓?zhuān)Z當(dāng)釘考由慮火應(yīng)劑力伍速壩率穿影川響揉時(shí)昌，兄壓搭力領(lǐng)作莖用計(jì)下瘦試欄件墊的平尺矮寸納效三應(yīng)泉將尼減傍弱漠。幸進(jìn)弱而冷言皂之銅，較無(wú)皆論鍬在盲靜語(yǔ)荷剖載蛾或墾是衰在妻動(dòng)民荷衫載誠(chéng)作絹用竿下軋，暢相首比唐受浙彎石時(shí)勉，哲試懲件消受頌壓檢時(shí)飲更啄少緣依遙賴(lài)扛于諷尺握寸維，低這喂與萌素桐混哲凝尼土瘡受橋彎柳時(shí)過(guò)表浩現(xiàn)權(quán)的鋤脆令性賊更莊加絕相閘符棟。骨顯易然豬，彩為仗了樸使赤對(duì)贏于功應(yīng)拋力鏈速堅(jiān)率丙敏誤感哪材翅料域研派究仙順片利必進(jìn)繞行碰，阻試祖驗(yàn)清后敢分境析近必斯須本排梅除詠一皂些拍沖足擊魂荷哈載報(bào)作陷用筆下均不且可繭避綿免能的廟顯簡(jiǎn)著偶影忠響舍（困如估應(yīng)續(xù)力偏速鋒率唉影晉響戒）武。喉目港前戒，同這展里撈建榜議鴉的終方紅法鞋只書(shū)是森一輪次喉近普似物，是因簡(jiǎn)為謊沒(méi)尺有壘證混據(jù)顯表顆明獸對(duì)身于畝任館何謀尺巷寸喝的扁試千件天，襯其氏應(yīng)挖力蠅速煩率線敏蕩感挑性面保渣持際不糠變施（氣E蕩l絕f斗a斧h密a擁l猾吩和每K顧r較a折u轟t弊h跟a誰(shuí)m植m販e裁r齡竄2閑0疑0類(lèi)4谷）胖。劇斷邊裂弱能紙欣妄喉觸顯待示山了頌尺臺(tái)寸霧和風(fēng)應(yīng)寶力逗速悲率乞?qū)渌嘏蠡旆滥烈蛄簻財(cái)鄰B裂餅?zāi)苁暗牡俺稠懜?。毛顯未示貌的仰數(shù)沒(méi)據(jù)推包鞠括除蠕羅變停試蹦驗(yàn)畫(huà)（工B浸a荒?役a妨n賠t鐘憲和頑G粉e注t辛t堅(jiān)u踢完1株9樓9斷2粱）最的村結(jié)逃果朗和葉沖斧擊色試塌驗(yàn)灘（協(xié)本典研浴究語(yǔ)）調(diào)的垮結(jié)捧果封，衫數(shù)澇據(jù)禿中轟有烈的罵應(yīng)使力雀速?lài)樎士v超述過(guò)師了樣1臺(tái)0嘉個(gè)也數(shù)役量宵級(jí)落。排蠕甩變督試歌驗(yàn)絕是豈針申對(duì)專(zhuān)尺演寸斬為姨3破8蓮，處7跟6盛和斯1隆5合2枯m廣m宇的婚梁橫，層而望沖與擊繳試舌驗(yàn)譯是才針鳥(niǎo)對(duì)伯尺叉寸董為現(xiàn)5絲0限，尸1將0勿0科，給1歪5印0特m占m吊的起梁腸。違然鄉(xiāng)而販分顆析遺數(shù)要據(jù)波時(shí)贏，奇3壺8袍，臣5度0俘m剩m遞梁羽和浸7圍6揮，薯1擦0葡0洗m質(zhì)m筐梁燭是傘等慢效畜的現(xiàn)。懷在具圖箱1漫4腥中除，從試炕件堪尺畝寸結(jié)的鋸影伙響劃僅云僅誘在葡其炊受機(jī)沖堪擊剪荷沫載瘦時(shí)反才反明概顯創(chuàng)。歇事而實(shí)干上蛛，恒如雅M醉i膽n漁d釀e再s撇s滅教（緊1款9軟8北4覺(jué)）線所廉言直，買(mǎi)對(duì)反于雖準(zhǔn)圖靜趕態(tài)鋸荷喊載務(wù)，錯(cuò)素世混喘凝愛(ài)土貓的士斷洪裂爹能席并屈未顧顯少示暢出驚尺臘寸矮效重應(yīng)柜，艙尤羽其止是鍛在召考袖慮跌試罷件灰自澆重妹時(shí)各。走然誤而室，閃在談目瞞前暑的載情豐況志下糊，爸自士重浴任匆始萍終漆忽喪略熱荷嫁載舉的棉速艱率述，戲并費(fèi)且元自致重收對(duì)驚尺報(bào)寸促效勺應(yīng)病的帥影蘿響腳是評(píng)邊們際閘的雅，岡尤吉其訂是宣在束沖畏擊達(dá)荷住載壤作國(guó)用呢下牙。玻由筐圖災(zāi)1勵(lì)4谷可底知績(jī)，果梁校尺罷寸此愈庫(kù)小胞，傾其虹斷輩裂忠能基對(duì)證應(yīng)輔力鉆速奔率虜愈帥加誰(shuí)敏錢(qián)感黨。淺楚前腫慮圖定9班蟻康B船S遲E霞L稀描孕述蓮的號(hào)未它針醒對(duì)傾應(yīng)闊力猛速更率施做雕歸嫁一殖化物的停荷佳載些組盆成趣對(duì)酸普搞通鳴強(qiáng)寶度互素便混班凝船土柳尺甘寸斤效捧應(yīng)痛的蔥影鮮響樣乳賄耳誤壤與紛歉圖至1算0珠繭邊M剝F尋S趟L選描瘋述翅的丸未堂針并對(duì)羨應(yīng)害力草速姿率許做飄歸遷一觸化債的棵荷羞載遮組介成曠對(duì)游普蕉通兔強(qiáng)套度寧素胸混杰凝短土休尺緩寸睛效至應(yīng)裳的皺影唇響眠基稿體諷強(qiáng)侵度件的廳影恐響防椒賢逃癥由窯圖根1宜5紡和套圖催1道6頸可胖知舍，鞭隨價(jià)著袖混鹿凝彼土浮強(qiáng)集度卡的畝提葡高層，較尺訪寸足效債應(yīng)別變讓的蔬更犧加刑明萍顯膊。扶這牌種丹現(xiàn)炊象婚在這之需前慚對(duì)和素博混姑凝恥土福的氏準(zhǔn)決靜染態(tài)蘆反頌應(yīng)揀（趴G忘e符t南t賠u燥等壯人逐1怨9座9媽8炸）歉中墨已塑經(jīng)扶被隔論腸述缺過(guò)閑。奪眾險(xiǎn)所驕周竿知謊，放混并凝居土違強(qiáng)款度淹增則高劃將計(jì)導(dǎo)酒致饞一詳種朗更拍加么明仇顯宜的哄線綱彈感性差斷裝裂維反撥應(yīng)估，趟材庫(kù)料舍也趨將偵表樸現(xiàn)訊出列更刑加揚(yáng)明土顯搶的個(gè)脆霞性撐，撲這方些綢特假性把受戰(zhàn)到掌試屋件糠尺丹寸勉效域應(yīng)諒影留響暖。養(yǎng)在江本資文均試慘件萌的搶尺設(shè)寸儲(chǔ)范偵圍勻內(nèi)微，柏B齡S土E斥L籮舌和凝M保F廢S齒L聰是潮一界致票的額。渠記粒錄左表塌明墾，中基悠體似強(qiáng)米度射的堵提吐高定將孕導(dǎo)俊致隔素秩混蕉凝嘉土展強(qiáng)厚度些對(duì)由加垂載瓣速覆率喝的耍敏棟感虜性捉降勇低舟（橋B程i艘n店d知i棉g即a帳n趙a帽v狼i災(zāi)l附e茂嶄等謊人鄭.看翅2拔0品0剛2怒）懸。鴉在坑本莖研茅究薪中鐵，穗尺我寸餐效革應(yīng)深對(duì)裝于估高困強(qiáng)頭混恨凝蘆土則影透響嫌更雁加滑顯赤著攔。匠另玻一擊方畫(huà)面痛，洪我債們苗知癥道殼，旁素削混抱凝總土沫的尺抗患?jí)航◤?qiáng)朽度帝對(duì)浸于疏加許載殘速糞率誠(chéng)的緞敏匆感哈性設(shè)相貌對(duì)尼其菊抗悟彎想強(qiáng)依度扇要副低能（立B薪a炊n陵t薦h犁i辣a踩帥e串t外饑a做l撕.靜避2籍0筑0貓3毛）待。留有速本康文紛可弱知易，法相棄對(duì)錢(qián)受涂彎遷時(shí)稍，軌承石壓組狀離態(tài)謙下與尺陣寸零效裳應(yīng)咱的掏影扮響律較暈小背。外那漏就臨是巨說(shuō)循，胖僅答僅多因炒為僅一度種南材嘉料帽對(duì)蜂于驕應(yīng)辣力現(xiàn)速罷率坦更性加山敏蠅感鴉，謠所眉以誤我擔(dān)們鋒不臂能葛看闊出芝同鄰種遠(yuǎn)性件質(zhì)全的速材嘗料寶對(duì)查于鈔尺封寸統(tǒng)效紡應(yīng)緩的滲敏宗感連程憂度難是壤否直也豬相商同勁。包這座看倘來(lái)窮，賺在猶高賓應(yīng)窩力賄速普率陳下害起均主式導(dǎo)騙作犧用紋的漆斷月裂豈機(jī)武制專(zhuān)不漢同厘于謠導(dǎo)嘗致夏尺覽寸港效念應(yīng)悄的駛那貌些姓機(jī)療制女。績(jī)結(jié)奉束蠶語(yǔ)恥沾偽塵鄰素漏混雖凝譜土灶在廊包澡括韻沖飾擊割荷菜載蛛的巖動(dòng)厚荷那載狗作灶用民下潛表嘉現(xiàn)串出青了麗尺祝寸燥效問(wèn)應(yīng)維。檔雖劑然朽對(duì)榮于炭斷六裂斯能挎，敢尺姿寸恩效斜應(yīng)身只恢在尸沖見(jiàn)擊族荷常載劈作陪用劍下箭有許重干大互意腹義赤，歌但累是梳名于義襖強(qiáng)乞度魔和姿斷璃裂駕能恐都享是揪受見(jiàn)尺額寸乒影桐響汪的劣。蓬對(duì)芝于舟刻扎槽遮和誘不濟(jì)刻軍槽續(xù)的頭件忍，怠B牙a嗓?脾a稀n瀉t摔的頭尺躲寸碰效圾應(yīng)袍律充和予多剝重吹分劍形感標(biāo)希度正律保成壘功玉的插發(fā)什現(xiàn)猜尺刑寸氧效寧應(yīng)紹。跨當(dāng)老考池慮儀應(yīng)矩力困速羞率凍時(shí)濱，醫(yī)相扭對(duì)號(hào)于謙在壽準(zhǔn)膠靜合態(tài)糧和光沖突擊涉荷慰載扒作矮用宏下凈的月抗庫(kù)壓養(yǎng)反主應(yīng)甜，益素列混江凝麻土布的謊抗滑彎業(yè)反約應(yīng)批對(duì)灘于趴試膏件豈的易尺塑寸鉗更雨加補(bǔ)敏此感挺。搭最淡后宏可會(huì)知蕉材路料夫性合能檢的歪應(yīng)說(shuō)力宿敏滑感股性惡和磨其繭尺墾寸穩(wěn)依綱賴(lài)述性璃沒(méi)懷有騾聯(lián)死系衛(wèi)。染懲齡偷箏慮澤洞絡(luò)深寫(xiě)今圖診1撲1倉(cāng)煌區(qū)沖暈擊鬼荷鹿載稱(chēng)作敞用崗下治的贊素絡(luò)混機(jī)凝揀土積梁補(bǔ)的愛(ài)關(guān)堪于假應(yīng)信力偉速辯率牲的淋尺往寸暑效睬應(yīng)剝感述謝做作溝者數(shù)在啦此漿想鋸感擱謝粱合節(jié)成至工稀業(yè)客C伴h別a躍t芽t膠a獨(dú)n惠o介o忘g嗽a判和偵T膽e釣n共n剃e磁s左s職e昌e螞對(duì)興本貝項(xiàng)貍研街究做的破部懸分啞資覽助顫。匠此掙外傻，畝還丈要毛感附謝飯N栽a撞t渡u依r窯a酸l籠屈S芽c栗i足e例n未c飲e每s駛和室加秀拿液大洪工辟程目研癢究錯(cuò)委悅員能會(huì)紅（仗N(yùn)敲S逐E笨R葬C究）達(dá)對(duì)僻第秩二摧作獵者究始質(zhì)終齒如徒一展的持支具持權(quán)。著圖用1級(jí)2耀界喂應(yīng)館力助速隨率也正士則說(shuō)化語(yǔ)后旗M鍛F椒S蜘L逐描嘆述甲的酸荷始載池組厲成緣對(duì)左普所通摧強(qiáng)遣度膽素貧混買(mǎi)凝罩土礎(chǔ)的昆影忙響薦圖鴿1蓋3他碌塌應(yīng)顧力耽速次率漿正懼則牧化媽后范M兇F詢(xún)S位L辣描嶺述際的倡荷姨載僻組奔成笨對(duì)嚼普憂通蓋強(qiáng)伙度虎素偵混婦凝窩土姑的膠影迅響芽圖譯1因4鄰焰肚不逢同多尺充寸冰梁療的性斷改裂丈能兵的鑄應(yīng)援力捉速注率船敏慘感悔性豎圖伯1慮5坑話郊B才S昆E松L巧描孫述滅的盯高烤強(qiáng)黃度美和唐普陡通稿強(qiáng)漢度殲混唉凝躬土權(quán)圓幫柱蟲(chóng)體橋的雜尺著寸薦效顯應(yīng)走圖領(lǐng)1江5企乳加M油F匹S殼L辟描倦述貞的淘高鞭強(qiáng)息度墳和左普什通短強(qiáng)繼度照混舒凝悅土忙圓閘柱誼體刪的況尺織寸則效熱應(yīng)外文翻譯之原文部分鄭州大學(xué)水利水電工程2006級(jí)PAGE1

鞠S疑i個(gè)z否e去桃E豐f略f額e拘c價(jià)t肆s腹徐a叔n菜d動(dòng)欣t娛h表e碼錢(qián)D膏y干n杠a汽m延i輸c單膜R剝e緞s式p肆o蘆n量s莊e疑青o逆f脹拍P財(cái)l框a欄i憂n鼓垂C刪o總n醋c窄r而e帖t灑e翼V翻.搶逝B編i械n鎮(zhèn)d妻i據(jù)g希a黎n峰a指v罰i程l熔e搏1術(shù)a邀n粉d燭柱N丑.匪麥B炒a場(chǎng)n專(zhuān)t鞭h燦i縣a理2Abstract:Thispaperinvestigatesthespecimensizeeffectonthedynamicresponseofplainconcrete.Thereportisbaseduponexperimentaldatabythewritersandothersandconsidersresultsfromcreeptestsonbeams,beamsunder?exuralimpact,andcylindersunderaxialimpactloading.SizeeffectisexaminedusingBa?ant’ssizeeffectlawandthemultifractalscalinglaw,andbothscalingmodels械a叔r蕉e疤際a更b退l趟e月戀t隔o茫怪c嚇a選p勤t榆u貧r預(yù)e殼精t械h采e套傘s堵i殺z機(jī)e災(zāi)耍e環(huán)f絞f溫e旋c肯t年乖o川n稠呀s告t蕉r刷e茫n蜂g漂t兔h申.葛羨F輛o吼r激迷f柏r介a俊c揀t煉u湯r罵e賭煎e(cuò)是n嘆e欲r兔g鋪y劫,肝探o泰n準(zhǔn)悅t悼h京e著簡(jiǎn)o嘉t聾h碌e燭r豪字h熔a鬧n沈d把,竊恐t居h計(jì)e損親s福i大z奔e仰述e裂f脊f體e貓c唯t叉疼m消a腸n慘i士f健e算s偵t半s蛇腫i銹t旱s漿e孤l彎f區(qū)示o踏n辯l啦y紅沉a鮮t泉廟i呢m筐p弟a喉c熱t(yī)內(nèi)粘r練a埋t裝e賠s帳.鉆U洗n炊d繩e葛r剩灣q敘u粗a養(yǎng)s剛i軋s垮t渡a塔t巷i薦c壇思l滅o丈a缺d喬i取n灰g錯(cuò),瘡抖p紐l燃a伐i熱n唇皆c濾o盤(pán)n練c傳r學(xué)e提t(yī)與e劍與i亮n師錄c堆o印m估p六r澤e館s炊s享i停o盆n秀渴i酷s諷耽l富e夕s淘s化災(zāi)s貸e鞏n裹s扎i盾t禁i嫩v錦e臨欲t臺(tái)o治偽t憶h布e犯書(shū)s垃p脖e她c輸i生m夏e道n梁辣s習(xí)i易z濤e映.杠考B膀u妨t胃屠u訪n拖d欣e邪r豪刪i響m紡p杰a丈c提t(yī)熔,晝蘆t責(zé)h助e碰薯c眠o嘴m罪p地r態(tài)e鑼s虧s暗i喬v飄e牛南r房e膏s蹦p徐o招n欣s撈e顧危a臨p勸p削e踢a瓜r傲s鄉(xiāng)村t鎖o限鄰b熱e妻還m臨o金r疤e戚趣s癢i寧z清e(cuò)冠椒d評(píng)e犯p桃e蹤n椅d內(nèi)e獸n貿(mào)t拴揀t惰h括a傭n瓶爪?痛e康x辨u煌r便e艇.慚餅H亮o蕉w淚e羅v扛e甲r毛,怎勁u須p毫o暈n列旅a禍c拒c瞇o蠟u們n拌t禁i逮n誕g確矮f儲(chǔ)o不r煮斃t風(fēng)h勿e獎(jiǎng)數(shù)s更t嚴(yán)r銅e爆s粒s扇恩r喜a產(chǎn)t顧e想欠e炸f想f攜e食c換t撤s襖,槍拳t悼h液e容炊?匯e棕x掀u銳r展a溜l物植r再e三s侮p低o雁n浩s戰(zhàn)e姐薪d秤e侵p電i論c螺t唉s嶄荷a坐橡m誠(chéng)o靈r不e更脫s蹄i棉g變n存i屯?獸c輝a句n慧t呈哀s鴉i素z四e謝濫e僵f席f弱e鞠c啞t座,忙修s磁i籠m費(fèi)i砌l籍a(chǎn)奉r扎兼t鴉o擊軟t逢h院a細(xì)t末閱s桌e鏡e償n徑罰a差t限協(xié)q館u蕉a餡s抵i陪-堂s賞t拘a房t播i班c印腫r周a右t朗e健s工.DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2006)18:4(485)CEDatabasesubjectheadings:Fracture;Concrete;Sizeeffect;Dynamicresponse.

IntroductionThequestionofscalingisofafundamentalimportanceinanyphysicaltheory.InarecentarticleBa?ant(1999)presentsthehistoryoftacklingthisissuewithinsolidmechanics.Inmoderntimes,theproblemhasbeenconsignedtotherealmofstatisticseversinceWeibullproposedhisapproach(Weibull1939)basedontheconceptofthe“weakestlink”andtheincreasingprobabilityofitsoccurrencewithanincreaseinthespecimensize.Earlier,Grif?th’senergy-basedapproachtocrackpropagation(Grif?th1921)envisagedasizeeffect,whichwasmaterialdependent.Inthelastcoupleofdecades,therehavebeennumerousreportsBa?ant1984;CarpinteriandChiaia1997;Karihaloo1999;JenqandShah1985aboutthespecimensizeeffectsinquasibrittlematerials.Forthesematerials,Ba?antstatesthatthesourceofthesizeeffectisamismatchbetweenthesizedependenceoftheenergyreleaserateandtherateofenergyconsumedbyfracture(Ba?ant2000).Whereasasigni?cantportionoftheformerincreasesasthesquareofthespecimensize,thelatterincreaseslinearly.Thus,thereductioninthenominalstressisseenasameansofcompensatingforthisvariancebyreducingtheenergyreleaserateofthespecimen.Unlikewithquasi-staticloading,thestudyofspecimensizeeffectsinthedynamicdomainhasnotreceivedmuchattention.Suchattemptsarecon?nedlargelyto?berreinforcedpolymers(Morton1998;Qianetal.1990;Liuetal.1998;Han1998).Thedatawithrespecttocement-basedmaterialsisextremelyscarce(Ba?antandGettu1992;OhandChung1988;Krauthammeretal.2003;Elfahaletal.2004;BanthiaandBindiganavile2002)andattentiontowardsimpactratesisveryrecent.Alackofdesigncodesorevenastandardmethodforlaboratorytestinghindersourabilitytocharacterizebuildingmaterialsforconstructingimpactandblastresistantfacilities.Moreover,impacttestingintroducesseveralextraneousin?uencessuchastheinertia(Banthiaetal.1987)andtestmachineeffects(BanthiaandBindiganavile2002).Perhapsthemostseriousimpedimentistheinherentstressratesensitivityofcementbasedcomposites.Mortonstatesthatitisnotpossibletoproduceanexactscalemodelforrate-sensitivematerials(Morton1998).Further,thesuitabilityofknownscalingmodelsunderdynamicratesisstillunderscrutiny.Inthiscontext,aspecialemphasismustbeassignedtoexplainingtheissuesofscalingforcement-basedmaterialsunderhighstressrates.Inthispaper,thesizeeffectontheimpactresponseofconcreteispresentedthroughanassessmentofrecentlypublisheddatabythewritersandothers.Familiarscalinglawsdevelopedforquasistaticloadingareexaminedinthecontextofdynamicstressrates.Thispaperdiscussestheinterplaybetweenthespecimensize,matrixstrength,stressratesensitivity,andloadingcon?guration.ScalingLawsforQuasi-BrittleSystemsItiswellknownthatthequasi-staticresponseofplainconcreteisaffectedbythesizeofthespecimen.Evidencegatheredoverdecadesrevealsastrongdependenceonsizeforstructuralconcretebehaviorundercompression(SabnisandMirza1979),tension(Ba?antetal.1991;vanMierandvanVliet2002),?exure(Wright1952;Ba?antandLi1995;JueshiandHui1997),shear(Ba?antandSun1987),andtorsion(Zhouetal.1998).Threeapproachesdominatethestudyofsizeeffectsinquasi-brittlematerials(Ba?antandChen1997):1.Thestatisticaltheoryofrandomstrength;2.Thetheoryofstressredistributionandfractureenergyreleasecausedbylargecracks;3.Thetheoryofcrackfractality.Thisreportfocusesonthetwolattermodelsandwillexaminethesizeeffectinplainconcreteunderdynamicratesofloading.Fig.1.ScalinglawstodescribesizeeffectsinplainconcreteBa?ant’sSizeEffectLaw(Ba?ant1984)AccordingtoBa?ant,thesizeeffectinsolidsisasmoothtransitionfromthestrengthcriterionofplasticity(applicabletosmallsizespecimens)tothecracksizedependenceoflinearelasticfracturemechanics(LEFM)(asseeninmuchlargerspecimens).Thefailurestressofaseriesofgeometricallysimilarspecimensofconcreteisdescribedbythefollowingin?niteseries:(1)whered=characteristicdimension;andB,d0,andAiareempiricalconstantsobtainedfromexperimentaldata.Forthesizerangeuptoβ≦1/20,thein?niteseries,Eq.(1),maybetruncatedtothe?rsttwoterms.Thus,Ba?ant’ssizeeffectlaw
BSELreducesto(2)MultifractalScalingLaw(CarpinteriandChiaia1997)Carpinteriandhisassociatesusedtheconceptofself-similarmorphologieswithnonintegerdimensionscalledfractalstodescribethemicrostructureofquasi-brittlematerialssuchasconcrete.Withanincreaseinthescaleofobservation,thetopologicalfractalityisthoughttovanish.Asthemicrostructureofaheterogeneousmaterialremainsthesameregardlessofsize,theyproposedthatthein?uenceofmacroscopicsizeonthemechanicalpropertieswasaresultoftheinteractionbetweenthedimensionbandacharacteristiclengthlchforthespecimen.Onthebasisofthishypothesis,thefollowingmultifractalscalinglawMFSLwasproposed:(3)whereft=asymptoticvalueofthenominalstrengthσuatin?nitesizes.AsopposedtoBSEL,MFSLappearstosuitunnotchedspecimens,astheyhavearesidualstrengthevenforextremelylargesizes.Fig.1graphicallydescribesthetwoscalingmodels.Ascanbeseen,BSELdescribesthesizeeffectwithadownwardconcavity,indicatingzerostrengthatin?nitesize.Ontheotherhand,MFSLpredictsaresidualstrengthatin?nitesizeforthespecimen.Fig.2.DimensionsandtestdetailsofloadrelationtestsbyBa?antandGettu
1992DetailsofMaterials,Specimens,andTestsInpreparingthisreport,datafromthefollowingstudieshasbeencollated:Ba?antandGettu(1992),Chen(1995),Krauthammeretal.(2003),Elfahaletal.(2004),andthepresentstudy.Insuchanexercise,awidevariationinthemixdesigns,specimens,andtestsetupswithinthesestudiesistobeexpected.Nevertheless,somegeneralsimilaritieswereidenti?edtojustifyananalysisoftheresults.Forinstance,normalstrengthconcreteinallcasesreferstoa28daycompressivestrengthbetween27and40MPa.Forthe?exuraltests,thebeamshadaspan-to-depthratiobetween2.5to3andweretestedundersimilarsupportconditions.TestsbyBa?antandGettu(1992)Notchedbeams(notchdepth=1/6thofbeamdepth)withthreesizesscalingas1:2:4wereinvestigated,asshowninFig.2.Themaximumaggregatesizewas13mm.Inthisstudyofloadrelaxationinplainconcrete,thetime-to-peakloadvariedfrom1.2to20,000s.ThreespecimenswereexaminedforeachdataPoint.ResultsfromKrauthammeretal.(2003)AndElfahaletal.(2004)AsshowninFig.3,thisstudyexaminedconcretecylindersoffourdifferentsizeswiththefollowingdimensions(diameter×height):75×150mm;150×300mm;300×600mm,and600×1,200mm.Inadditiontothenormalstrengthmix(Elfahaletal.2004),highstrengthconcretecylinders(Krauthammeretal.2003)weremadetoachieve100MPacompressivestrength.Eachdatapointwasobtainedbytestingthreespecimens.Thecylindersweretestedquasi-staticallyandundertworatesofimpactloadingatincidentvelocitiesof5and7m/s.Althoughfourdifferentimpacthammerswereusedranginginmassfrom60to3,000kg,theincidentvelocitywaskeptconstantthroughouttheirprogram.Fig.3.DimensionsofcylinderstestedincompressionbyKrauthammeretal.
2003andElfahaletal.
2004Fig.4.Dimensionsofbeamssquarecrosssectiontestedin?exureinpresentstudy(Note:Quasi-statictestswereconductedunderfour-pointloading;actualbeamdimensionswere500×150×150mm,350×100×100mm,and450×50×50mm,resultinginoverhanglengthsof25,25,and150mm,respectively)PresentStudyPlainconcretebeamsofthreedifferentsizeswereexaminedunderthree-pointimpact.Usinga60kghammer,impacttestswereconductedatfourratescorrespondingtoincidentvelocitiesof1.98,3.13,3.83,and4.43m/s.Sixspecimensweretestedforeachdatapoint.Dimensionsandtestconditionsforthe?exuraltestsareshowninFig.4.Theoverhangforthethreesizeswereasfollows:150mmforthe50×50×150beams,25mmforthe100×100×300beams,and25mmforthe150×150×450beams.[ThelengthoftheoverhangwasaccountedforthroughEq.(4),whereitfactorsintotheinertialcorrection.]Themaximumaggregatesizewas10mm.Quasi-staticdatawasobtainedfromthestudybyChen(1995),whoexaminedthebeamsunderfour-pointloadingasperASTMC1018andJSCESF4.Ba?antindicatedthat,inordertostudyspecimensizeeffects(Ba?ant1984),atleastthreedifferentsizesmustbeinvestigatedandtheymustscaleingeometricproportione.g.(1:2:4).However,inthepresentstudy,thewriterswereconstrainedbythesizeofthestrikingwedgeintheimpactmachine;hence,thebeamsscaleas1:2:3.Further,forplainconcretebeamsunderimpactloading,caremustbetakentoaccountfortheinertialcomponentoftheloadasrecordedduringthetest.Banthiaobtainedthefollowingexpressiontodescribetheinertialcorrection,Pi(t),forbeamsunderthree-pointloading(Banthia1987):（4）Thus,thetruestressingload,Pb(t),intheimpacttestingofbeamswasobtainedas（5）wherePt(t)=loadasrecordedbythehammer.DiscussionStrengthTheresultsofimpacttestsinthisstudyaswellasthosefrompreviousreportswere?ttedtoBa?ant’ssizeeffectlaw[Eq.(2)]bymeansofamathematicalsoftware,employingtheLevenbergMarquardtprinciple,toarriveatoptimizedvaluesford0andBft.Similarly,thesamedatawasplottedaccordingtothemultifractalscalinglaw[Eq.(3)],whereonceagaintheoptimizedvaluesforftandlchweredeterminedbycurve-?tting.Fig.5showsthedatafromcompressiontestsonnormalstrengthconcrete(Elfahaletal.2004)undervariousstressrates.ThedataisplottedaccordingtoBSELandimpliesanincreasinglylinearelasticresponseforhigherratesofloading.Clearly,thereisasizeeffectforthecompressivestrength,whichampli?eswithanincreaseintherateofloading.InFig.6,thesamedataisdescribedinaccordancewithMFSL.AswithBSEL,heretooanincreaseintherateofloadingleadstoamorepronouncedsizeeffect.However,accordingtoMFSL,anincreaseintheimpactrateleadstoanincreaseinthecharacteristiclength(ductility?)ofthespecimen.Here,itisofinteresttonotethatforlowvelocities(<10m/s),theenergyrequiredtofractureabeamdoesincreasewithanincreaseintheloadingrate.Thishasbeenseennotonlyforplainnormalstrengthconcretebutalsoforhighstrengthconcrete,?ber-reinforcedconcrete,andconventionallyreinforcedconcrete(Banthia1987).Fig.5.SizeeffectinnormalstrengthcylindersElfahaletal.2004asdescribedbyBSELFigs.7and8describethe?exuralresponseofplainconcreteinaccordancewithBSELandMFSL,respectively.Noticeonceagainthat,whilebothmodelspredictanincreaseinthesizeeffectwithanincreaseinthestressrate,thesizeeffectisseentobegreaterforlargersizesinBSEL,whereaswhendescribedbyMFSL,theoppositetrendemerged.BSELwaspostulatedprimarilyfornotchedspecimens.However,fromFigs.5and7,itisclearthatevenforunnotchedspecimens,theimpactresponseisdescribedwellbyBSEL.Here,itshouldbekeptinmindthat,althoughfourdifferentsizesofcylinderswereexamined(Elfahaletal.2004),forsometests,thesmallestcylinder(75×150mm)yieldedresultsinconsistentwiththethreelargerspecimens.TherangeofspecimensizeconsideredinFigs.5–8liesbetween1and8.Insuchasmallrange,ithasbeenshownbeforethatthedatafallswithinthezoneofoverlap