2014年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案

14考研英語(yǔ)二真題與答案SectionlUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn'talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1 thatnormal -weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually 2 .Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen. 3 amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan 4 ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater 5 isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined 6 bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI 7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity, 8 ,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example[A]impact[B]relevanee[C]assistanee[D]concern[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.ThisisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthorspolicyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent。AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?AbighouseAspecialtourAstylishcarArichmealTheauthor'sattitudetowardAmericans 'watchingTViscriticalsupportivesympatheticambiguousMacribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthatconsumersaresometimesirrationalpopularityusuallycomesafterqualitymarketingtricksareaftereffectiveraritygenerallyincreasespleasureAccordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoneyhasleftmuchroomforreaders 'criticismmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchasehaspredictedawiderincomegapintheusmaygiveitsreadersasenseofachievementThistextmainlydiscusseshowtobalaneefeelinggoodandspendingmoneyspendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteriesobtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspentbecomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuriesText2AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou 'remorebeautifulthanyoehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancingstrategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe “aboveaverageeffect ”,or "illusorysuperiorityshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers —allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.Webecomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe 'rehotstuff.PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyingintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghofthemselvesfromalineupincludingversionsthathadbeenalteredtoappearmoreandlessattractive.

Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,isandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberationVisualrecognition,readsthestudy,isandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconsciousdeliberationanautomaticpsychologicalgpnopeslyoccurrin”.Ifthesubjectsquicklchoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdiffereneeinresponses.Norwasthereanyevideneethat,thosewhoself-enhancethemust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem."Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwehavinghaveareanyevideneeofpersonaldelusion ”，saysEpley. "It'sareflectionsimpgjpoepeiytlhjinkingwellofthemselves'.Ifyouaredepressed,youwon -enhan'ngbnsiwfngtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,itmakessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographsofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,theydon 'tevenrecognisethepersonipictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleitnotthatpeople 'sprofilesaredishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity, ”buttheyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat .ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhighillusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffectourneedforleadershipisunnaturalself-enhancingstrategiesareineffectiveVisualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople 's rapidwatchingconsciouschoiceintuitiveresponseautomaticself-defeneeEpleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto underestimatetheirinsecuritiesbelieveintheirattractivenesscoveruptheirdepressionsoversimplifytheirillusionsTheword “Viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosetinmeaningto .instinctivelyoccasionallyparticularlyaggressivelyItcanbeinferredthatFacebookisself- enhancer'sparadisebecausepeoplecanpresenttheirdishonestprofilesdefinetheirtraditionallifestylessharetheirintellectualpursuitswithholdtheirunflatteringsidesText4Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeengoodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthereisthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersanopportunityforthegovernmenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Evideneeshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isuniikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition'sspendingplansifreturnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector__hasattractedmuchattentioninvolvescertainpoliticalfactorsshoulderstoomuchresponsibilityhaslostitsrealvalueineconomyItcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas__increaseditshomesupplyofferedspendingopportunitiessufferedgovernmentbiasesdisappointedthegovernmentAccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay .allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousingstoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomespreparetoreducehousingstockdebtreleasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast39.ltcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould .lowerthecostsofregisteredproviderslessentheimpactofgovernmentinterfereneecontributetofundingnewdevelopmentsrelievetheministersofresponsibilities4O.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay .implementmorepoliciestosupporthousingreviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrantsrenewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogrammestopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat 'sperpetuallyhalffall.Butthat 'sexactlythekindoffalsedeerfuInessthatpositivepsychologistswouldnrecommend. “Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingintouchwithreality. -Shahar,asaysTalBenHarvardprofessor,AccordingtoBen-Shalar,realisticoptimistsarethesewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.Ben-Shalarusesthreeoptimisticexercisers.Whenhefeelsdown-sag,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermissiontobehuman.HeremindshimselfthatmoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethanothers.Nextisreconstruction,Heanalyzestheweaklecture,leaninglessons,forthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn't.Finally,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn 'tmatter.[page]SectionIVWritingPartADirections:SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent.Writehimtoemailtotellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,andaskforadviceaboutlivingthere.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonanswersheet.Donotuseyourownname.PartBDirections:WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET.(15points)Youshouldinterpretthechart,andgiveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)答案SectionIUseofEnglish1、【答案】Bconcluded【解析】 題干中，一系列的研究已經(jīng) ，事實(shí)上，正常體重的人的患病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要高于超重的人。根據(jù)句義，后面的部分實(shí)際上是研究的結(jié)論，因此concluded符合題意，其他選項(xiàng)denied（否認(rèn)）與意義相反，doubled（翻倍）與題意較遠(yuǎn)，ensured（確保）不符合題意，因?yàn)檠芯坎荒艽_保后面的事 實(shí)，只能得出后面的事實(shí)作為結(jié)論。所以正確答案為 B。2、【答案】Aprotective 【解析】題干中，對(duì)于某些健康情況，超重事實(shí)上是有 。根據(jù)前文研究的結(jié)論，超重能減少罹患疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，說(shuō)明超重具有一定的保護(hù)作用。 Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻煩，不符合題意，所以正確答案為 A。3、【答案】Clikewise【解析】第三句話中，較重的女人患缺鈣的比例低于較瘦的女人。 ，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示順接的詞 語(yǔ)。A選項(xiàng)instead表示逆接的句意關(guān)系，B選項(xiàng)however也表示逆接，D選項(xiàng)therefore表示因此，只有C選項(xiàng)likewise意為同樣地;也，而且。因此正確答案為 C。4、【答案】Aindicator【解析】本句話中， ，一定程度上超重，經(jīng)常是健康的 。A選項(xiàng)，表示指示器，指標(biāo)。B選項(xiàng)objective表示客觀;C選項(xiàng)origin表示來(lái)源，D選項(xiàng)example表示例子。根據(jù)前面的文章內(nèi)容， 已經(jīng)明確指出超重代表了健康， 因此超重是健康的指標(biāo)。 因此正確答案為A。5、【答案】Dconcern 【解析】本句話的句意是，需要更加 是，很難對(duì)肥胖加以定義。A、impact（印象）;B、relevance（相關(guān)性）;C、assistance（輔助）;D、concern（關(guān)注）。前文已經(jīng)說(shuō)到肥胖事實(shí)上有利健康，但是又面臨一個(gè)問(wèn)題，至U底如何去定義肥胖，因此需要更加關(guān)注的是對(duì)肥的定義， 其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意， 所以正確答案為D。6、【答案】Aintermsof 【解析】題干中，肥胖經(jīng)常 體質(zhì)指數(shù)，或稱為BMI來(lái)定義。A、intermsof，根據(jù) ，就 而言。B、Incaseof表示在某種情況下， C、infavorof表示贊成，以……來(lái)取代，D、inrespectof，關(guān)于……。因此正確答案為A。在醫(yī)學(xué)研究和臨床測(cè)試中經(jīng)常使用BMI作為衡量受試者健康的重要指標(biāo)，希望考生能夠記住這一背景知識(shí)，方便日后做題。7、【答案】Cequals【解析】本題題干中BMI 體重除以身高的平方，這里是用文字?jǐn)⑹隽薆MI指數(shù)得出的方法，也就是一個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)公式，所以 equal符合題意。Ameasure（測(cè)量）、Bdetermine表示確定；Dmodify（修訂）。句義就是BMI等于體重除以身高的平方。8、【答案】Cinturn【解析】本題題干中，肥胖 能夠分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和極度肥胖。 A、inessence（事實(shí)上、實(shí)際上）;B、incontrast（相反地）;C、inturn（依次）;D、inpart（部分地）。本句是將肥胖依次分級(jí)，所以正確答案為 Co9、【答案】Dstraightforward 【解析】題干中，相比之下，這樣的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看起來(lái) ，實(shí)際上不是的。A、complicated（復(fù)雜）;B、conservative（保守）、C、variable（可變的）;D、straightforward（直截了當(dāng)）;這里的數(shù)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指的就是肥胖指數(shù)，肥胖指數(shù)分為三類，而且算法比較簡(jiǎn)單，所以 A復(fù)雜不正確，B選項(xiàng)保守，用于描述一種數(shù)學(xué)公式，不恰當(dāng)，一名患者或一名受試者的 BMI一般是確定的，因此可變的也不符合題意，D選項(xiàng)straightforward表示直截了當(dāng)，符合題意，因此正確答案為D。10、【答案】Bwhile 【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的 BMI，實(shí)際上身材正好， 其他人有較低的BMI指數(shù)，可能 。從前半句我們可以看出，有些人的BMI指數(shù)很高，應(yīng)該屬于體重肥胖的人，事實(shí)上身材正好，這里說(shuō)明的是反常的現(xiàn)象，后半句是其他人的BMI指數(shù)較低，而 較差。A、so（所以）;B、while（而）;C、since（因?yàn)椋?D、unless（除非）四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有while有轉(zhuǎn)折的含義，其他選項(xiàng)均不符合題意，所以正確 答案為B。11、【答案】Ashape 【解析】本題可以簡(jiǎn)化為：Some-arefit,whileothers …maybeinpoor.不難看出，前后意義相反，且fit（體型健康）與inpoor對(duì)應(yīng)，與之最相關(guān)是Ashape（外形）,故為正確答案。”精神”、"均衡”、”品味”都相差比較遠(yuǎn)，可以排除。12、【答案】Bqualify【解析】本題順應(yīng)前文意義：有一些人體型很好，有些人體型體型肥胖。接下來(lái)舉例說(shuō)有些專業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員 是肥胖的，"開(kāi)始"不符;"處在"也不符合句意;"退休"內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān);"被認(rèn)為”符合句意，正確。13、【答案】Cnormal【解析】本句不難理解：有些人脂肪過(guò)高，但是 BMI卻。所需詞匯明顯是正向的，排除A、B;D屬中性，且不符合句意， C（正常的）契合，為正確答案。14、【答案】Dtendency【解析】本題解題關(guān)鍵是后半句： tostigmatizeobesity（抵毀肥胖），作為劃線部分的后置定語(yǔ)，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)"選擇""理由""機(jī)會(huì)""傾向"代入劃線處，最符合句意的是D（傾向）。后面一句也進(jìn)一步證實(shí)了（出現(xiàn)在媒體中的肥胖者臉都是打了馬賽馬的 ）。15、【答案】Cpictured【解析】空格所在句提到了媒體，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境， 上句講到當(dāng)今我們都污蔑肥胖，所以本句的意思應(yīng)該是媒體污蔑肥胖，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，跟媒體相關(guān)系的詞匯只有 Cpicture意思為刻畫(huà)，描寫(xiě)，描述。16、【答案】Dassociated 【解析】空格所在句的意思是與肥胖 的原型包括懶惰，缺乏意志力，對(duì)成功的期望值不高。 空格后面提到的懶惰，缺乏意志力和對(duì)成功的期望值不高都是與肥胖相關(guān)的表現(xiàn)，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)， A.與。。。相比;B與。。。相結(jié)合;C.和。。。和解；都不符合題意，只有D與。。。相聯(lián)系，相關(guān)符合句意。 17、【答案】Aeven 【解析】空格所在句的意思是 小孩子蔑視超重，而且對(duì)身材的嘲笑一直是學(xué)校的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。本空格缺少一個(gè)副詞， 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境記憶常識(shí)， 此處應(yīng)該填入表示讓步關(guān)系的詞匯，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有 Aeven即使符合題意。18、【答案】Dgrounded【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，空前講到對(duì)肥胖的負(fù)面態(tài)度，空后講到對(duì)健康的關(guān)注， 激發(fā)一批反肥胖的 。本句沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)任何轉(zhuǎn)折詞，說(shuō)明空前后所表達(dá)的意思是一致的，反對(duì)肥胖，是基于對(duì)健康的關(guān)注，分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，能夠表達(dá)此意思的詞匯，只有選項(xiàng) Dgrounded,意思是基于。19、【答案】Dpolicies【解析】解答此題需要聯(lián)系空格后面緊跟著的句子。 空后的句子出現(xiàn)了一系列表示同一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)的詞匯，比如 hospitalsystem;ban;manyemployersinstitute, 指向的意思是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)中所出臺(tái)的政策的問(wèn)題， 瀏覽四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)policies符合題意，直接入選。20、【答案】Bagainst【解析】本段的主題是反對(duì)肥胖，本句話屬于細(xì)節(jié)的句子，用來(lái)支持這個(gè)主題，空格所在句講到米歇爾奧巴馬已經(jīng)發(fā)起了一個(gè)高知名度的 兒童肥胖，甚至告訴奧茲博士， 它代表了我們國(guó)家最大的安全威脅。 空格中缺少詞匯應(yīng)該含有反對(duì)， 反抗的意思，縱觀四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有Bagainst符合題意。SectionIIReadingComprehension PartAText121、【答案】BAspecialtour【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在第二段的"itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences…likeinterestingtrips，意思是”花錢悄費(fèi)在經(jīng)歷方面更好 ,比如說(shuō)有趣的旅行……",由此可以得知答案是 B選項(xiàng)"一場(chǎng)特別的旅行”。22、【答案】Acritical【解析】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。答案定位在第三段的 "somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit" ，意思是"普通美國(guó)人一年花兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間看電視，并且看電視幾乎不可能更愉快 ”，因此可以得知作者對(duì)于看電視的態(tài)度是A選項(xiàng)"批判的"。23、【答案】Draritygenerallyincreasespleasure 【解析】觀點(diǎn)例證題。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到 McRib這個(gè)例子，用這個(gè)例子證明的論點(diǎn)是"luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly" ，大意是"有節(jié)制地消費(fèi)奢侈品最令人愉悅”，D選項(xiàng)正是這句論點(diǎn)句的同義替換。 24、【答案】Bmayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。答案定位在最后一段的最后一句 "mostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent" ，大意是”大多數(shù)人看完這本書(shū)后，認(rèn)為物有所值 ":因此可以推知B選項(xiàng)是正確答案。25、【答案】Abalaneefeelinggoodandspendingmoney【解析】主旨題?？v觀全文可知，全文主要談?wù)摶ㄥX消費(fèi)和心情愉悅之間的關(guān)系，因此答案定位在A選項(xiàng)。Text226、【答案】Aourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh 【解析】題目問(wèn)”根據(jù)第一段，社會(huì)心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么 ？"對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第一 段第三句"社會(huì)心理學(xué)家對(duì)所謂的高于均數(shù)效應(yīng)或者虛幻的優(yōu)越感進(jìn)行大量的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)我們中 70%的人認(rèn)為自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力在平均水平之上 ……一這些數(shù)據(jù)明顯都是不可能的?！庇纱丝芍?，我們對(duì)自己評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)高。故答案為 [A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh 。27、【答案】Cintuitiveresponse【解析】題目問(wèn)"視覺(jué)識(shí)別被認(rèn)為是人們的什么 ？"對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第三段第三句”視覺(jué)識(shí)別是自動(dòng)的心理過(guò)程，這個(gè)過(guò)程依靠直覺(jué)快速發(fā)生，且并不是故意的。 ”由此可知，視覺(jué)識(shí)別被認(rèn)為是人們的直覺(jué)反應(yīng)。故答案為 [C]intuitiveresponse。28、【答案】Bbelieveintheirattractiveness【解析】題目問(wèn)"Epley發(fā)現(xiàn)有更高自尊的人傾向于怎樣”。對(duì)應(yīng)到第四段，第二句講到1沒(méi)有證據(jù)顯示那些自我提升最多的人這樣做是為了掩飾自 己的不安全，接著講到：事實(shí)上,那些認(rèn)為自己的形象高于吸引力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人就是那些表現(xiàn)出更高自尊的人，故答案為[B]believeintheirattractiveness。29、【答案】[A]instinctively 【解析】題目問(wèn)”最接近viscerally的意思的是?"。對(duì)應(yīng)到第五段，viscerally所在句講到”許多人討厭照片中的自己，從某種層面上說(shuō)，他們甚至不承認(rèn)照片中的人是他們自己。 "而下文又講到facebook是自我拔高者的天堂，在那里人們可以分享最滿意的的照片。 "由此可知，viscerally在本句中是"本質(zhì)上地"意思，故答案為[A]instinctively。30、【答案】[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides【解析】題干問(wèn)"我們可以推理出臉書(shū)(facebook)之所以是一個(gè)自我拔高者的天堂，是因?yàn)槿藗兛梢宰鍪裁?"對(duì)應(yīng)于文章最后一段的第二 句，該句講到”在臉書(shū)(facebook)中，人們可以分享最滿意的照片。"下文接著講到”不是人們不誠(chéng)實(shí)，而是人們展示了自己最理想的形象。"故答案為[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides 。Text436、【答案】[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors【解析】 根據(jù)本題題干中的關(guān)鍵詞 housingsector可以對(duì)應(yīng)到文章的第二段， 中間說(shuō)的很多，我們注意到最后有but出現(xiàn)，最后應(yīng)該是作者真正想要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)， 另外這里用了themostsignificant 最高級(jí)，所以最后這個(gè)是最重要的一個(gè)原因， politicallycharged和選項(xiàng)B的politicalfactors有對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，故選 Binvolvescertainpoliticalfactors。A項(xiàng)的吸引注意沒(méi)有提與，C項(xiàng)的承擔(dān)太多責(zé)任，原文說(shuō)的 shouldertheblame,D項(xiàng)說(shuō)的喪失價(jià)值，原文說(shuō)的是不善于表明真正價(jià)值，兩者不一致，故排除。 37、【答案】[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases 【解析】經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房曾受到政府的偏見(jiàn)。答案定位到文章第三段最后一句話Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.政府需要把歷史的偏見(jiàn)放在一邊并且采取一些策略解決我們迫切的住房需求。Suffered是過(guò)去式，是對(duì)于原文 history的同義反復(fù)，biases是對(duì)原文prejudices的同義反復(fù)。38、【答案】[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing 【解析】根據(jù)人名GeorgeOsborne定位得知，此人將會(huì)讓當(dāng)?shù)卣脕?lái)償還建房借貸的限額變得更加寬松，并且在借貸限額放寬的情況下， 將會(huì)另有60,000所房屋在未來(lái)的五年中建立，并由此拉動(dòng)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的百分之零點(diǎn)六。 因此A（允許更大的政府的建房借貸）是正確的，而B(niǎo)（禁止當(dāng)?shù)卣ǚ浚?，C（準(zhǔn)備減少建房借貸），D（發(fā)布國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)報(bào)）都與原文意思不符。39、【答案】[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)文章題干定位到第五段，題干考察的是對(duì)穩(wěn)定的租賃環(huán)境的理解。A項(xiàng)的意思是"減少注冊(cè)供應(yīng)者的成本”，其中"成本一詞"并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是"減少政府接介入的影響”，其中”政府介入"并未在文中出現(xiàn)，屬于無(wú)中生有。B項(xiàng)的意思是”有助于為新發(fā)展提供資金支持”，其中"為新發(fā)展提供資金支持”對(duì)應(yīng)文中的"fundnewdevelopments";C 選項(xiàng)中的"contributeto"（意思是有助于）對(duì)英文中的haveasignificantimpact（意思是有重要影響），符合正解的同義復(fù)現(xiàn)原則，所以是正確選項(xiàng)。 40、【答案】[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector【解析】推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第三行?？疾斓氖?2015年以后政府的可能性動(dòng)作。A項(xiàng)的意思是"推行更多的政策來(lái)支持住房 "與原文意義相反。B項(xiàng)的意思是重新審視大規(guī)模公共撥款的需求，與原文倒數(shù)第二段意義相違背。 C項(xiàng)的意思是更新可負(fù)擔(dān)的住房撥款項(xiàng)目并沒(méi)有提到 renew—詞。D項(xiàng)的意思是停止對(duì)住房部門的大額資助，與原文的倒數(shù)第二句相匹配，故為正確選項(xiàng)。 SectionIIITranslation 46、 【參考譯文】 大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為樂(lè)觀是無(wú)盡的歡樂(lè)， 如同總是有半杯水的杯子。但那是一種絕不會(huì)為積極心理學(xué)家所稱道的虛假的快樂(lè)。哈佛大學(xué)的 TalBen-Shahar教授說(shuō)，”健康的樂(lè)觀主義意味著要活在現(xiàn)實(shí)之中?！痹贐en-Shahar看來(lái)，現(xiàn)實(shí)的樂(lè)觀主義者會(huì)因勢(shì)利導(dǎo)，而非求全責(zé)備。Ben-Shahar會(huì)使用三種樂(lè)觀的方法。比如說(shuō)，當(dāng)他因搞砸了一場(chǎng)演講而倍感郁悶的時(shí)候，他會(huì)告訴自己這是很正常的事，提醒自己：并不是每一次演講都可以獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)，總 會(huì)有一些人的演講效果不與其他人。 接著為改進(jìn)。他分析了一些效果不好的演講并且從那些