研究生英語第四單元市公開課獲獎?wù)n件省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎?wù)n件

Unit4THEFUTUREOFENGLISHH.L.Menckenparagraph8—111/14

8.ButasEnglishspreads,willitbeabletomaintainitspresentform?Probablynot.Butwhyshouldit?Everysuccessfuleffortatstandardizationseldomsucceeds.Theschoolma’amhasbeentryingsincetheRevolutiontobringAmericanEnglishtoherrules,butitgoesonsprouting,anditwilleventuallyconquertheEnglishofEngland.schoolma’amn.afemaleschoolteacher學(xué)校女教師sproutvi.growordevelopquickly長出新芽；快速發(fā)展conquervt.gaincontrolover征服theAmericanRevolution(1775-1783)2/14

不過伴隨英語廣泛傳輸，它是否能夠保持現(xiàn)在形式？可能不能。但為何要保持現(xiàn)在形式呢？每次使英語規(guī)范化所謂成功努力其實(shí)極少成功。自從大革命以來，學(xué)校女教師一直努力使美式英語恪守語法規(guī)則，不過，美式英語依然在不停發(fā)展，最終必將征服英國英語。3/149.Theguessindeedisrathertooeasytobequitesporting.EnglishhasbeenyieldingtoAmericanforfiftyyearspart,andsincetheturnofthecenturyithasbeenyieldingataconstantlyacceleratedrate.Theflowofnoveltiesinvocabulary,inidiom,eveninpronunciation,isnowoverwhelminglyeastward.vt.increasethespeedof加緊速度noveltyn.sth.new,invention;thequalityofbeingnew新奇，新鮮感4/14WeseldomborrowanEnglishwordorphraseanymore,thoughweusedtoborrowmany;buttheEnglishtakeinourinventionsalmostasfastaswecanlaunchthem.TheAmericanmovie,Isuppose,islargelyresponsibleforthischange,butthereareunquestionablydeepercausestoo.Englishisstillabittight,abitstiff,morethanalittleartificial.5/14ButAmericanhasgoneondevelopingwithalmostElizabethanprodigality.Alltheprocessesofword-formationthatwereinoperationinShakespeare’sEnglandarestillinoperationhere,andtheyproduceasteadystreamofneologismsthathewouldhaverelishedasjoyfullyasherelishedthenoveltiesactuallyproducedinhistime.neologismn.anewly-coinedword,phrase,orexpression新詞，舊詞新義n.extremeabundance;recklesswastefulness;profusegenerosity豐富，大量；浪費(fèi)，奢侈r(nóng)elishvt.takepleasurein從……中得到樂趣6/14

種種結(jié)局很輕易猜出，甚至是能夠必定。在過去50年里，英語一直屈從于美語。自世紀(jì)之交以來，英語屈從于美語速度不停加緊。新詞匯、新習(xí)語、甚至新發(fā)音都以無法抗拒勢力源源不停傳入東方。從前我們經(jīng)常借用英語詞或短語，但現(xiàn)在極少這么做。但英語卻吸納我們創(chuàng)造詞，我們創(chuàng)造有多快，其吸納速度幾乎就有多快。我認(rèn)為，美國電影當(dāng)然對這一改變起了很大作用，但毫無疑問，還有更深刻原因。7/14英語依然有點(diǎn)太嚴(yán)格、有點(diǎn)僵硬，且過于矯揉造作。但美語逃脫了那場嚴(yán)格控制，免受今后學(xué)校教師清規(guī)戒律影響，所以美語發(fā)展像伊麗莎白時代一樣繁榮。全部那些在英國莎士比亞時代應(yīng)用構(gòu)詞方法，現(xiàn)在依然在美國用著，新詞源源不停產(chǎn)生。假如莎翁健在，這些新詞一定會使他欣喜若狂，就像他所生活時代產(chǎn)生新詞曾使他欣喜若狂一樣。8/1410.TheEnglish,fromtheAgeofAnneonward,haveresistedthemarchofAmericanwithamixtureofpatrioticwatchfulnessandmoralindignation,albeitwithsteadilydecreasingeffectiveness…Anne(1665-1714)wasQueenofGreatBritainandIreland(1702-1714)patrioticadj.feelingorexpressingloveforone’sowncountry愛國indignationn.angerarousedbysth.unjust,meanorunworthy義憤9/14自安妮時代以來，英國人就以一個帶有愛國者警覺和義憤復(fù)雜心情，來拒絕美語進(jìn)入，盡管效果在日漸下降。10/1411.TheEnglishtravelerswhobegantoswarminAmericaafter1800gavewillingaidinthisbenignwork,andscarcelyoneofthemfailedtorecordhishorroroverthenewAmericanwordsthatheencountered,andtheunfamiliarAmericanpronunciation.CaptainBasilHall,whowasherein1827and1828,wenttothelengthofmakingacalluponNoahWebster,thenover70yearsofage,tolodgehisprotest.

benignadj.tendingtopromotewell-being,beneficial善良，好心；良性lodgeone’sprotest提出抗議11/14“Surely,”hesaid,“suchinnovationsaretobedeprecated.”“Idon’tknowthat,”repliedWebsterstoutly.“IfawordbecomesuniversallycurrentinAmerican,whyshoulditnottakeitsstationinthelanguage?”“Because,”answeredHall,withamagnificentresorttoBritishcomplacency,“therearewordsenoughalready.”deprecatevt.dxpressdisapprovalof反對，貶低adv.forcefully;boldly;determinedly有力，堅定地n.feelingofcontentmentorsatisfaction,self-satisfaction自滿，自得12/1418以后開始蜂擁來到美國英國游客也心甘情愿支持這一有益工作。他