鐵路英語(yǔ)- 課件 Unit-2 Locomotives

Unit2LocomotivesWARMINGUPTheInventionandPopularityofRailwayTrainsINTENSIVEREADINGAEarlySteamLocomotives

UNIT2LocomotivesINTENSIVEREADINGBAfterSteamEngines:TheDevelopmentofLocomotives

PracticalReadingRWE’sOperationSpecifications:LocomotiveRoofInspection

ReadingintoChinaQinghai-TibetRailway

LEARNINGOBJECTIVEAfterstudyingthisunit,you’llbeableto:?recountthehistoryofearlysteamlocomotives?understandthedevelopmentoflocomotivesaftertheinventionofsteamlocomotives?summarizethemainpointsoflocomotiveroofinspection?learnthemethodsadoptedtoprotecttheecologicalenvironmentintheconstructionoftheQinghai-TibetRailway12345WarmingUpIntensive

ReadingAIntensive

ReadingBPracticalReadingReadingintoChinaWarmingUpTask1Matchthepictureswiththecorrectdescriptions.ElectriclocomotiveA1RudolfDieselisthepersonwhoinventeditsengine. ()2RichardTrevithickbuiltthefirstlocomotiveofthistype. ()3RobertDavidsonbuiltthefirstlocomotiveofthistype. ()SteamlocomotiveBCDiesellocomotiveElectriclocomotive4Thislocomotivewasinventedfirst. ()5Thislocomotiveisthequietestinoperation. ()6ThislocomotivebecamepopularafterWorldWarII. ()BACACBWarmingUpTask2Listentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1()1InEngland,beforetherailwaywasinvented,longjourneysweremadebystagecoach.()2Theinventionofrailwaytrainsgreatlyshortenedtraveltime

()3In1825,theworld’sfirstpublicrailwaytousesteamlocomotiveswentintooperation.

()4“LocomotionNo.1”ranonthefirstpublicrailwaylinecarryingpeopleandgoods.()5Peoplesatinaclosedcarriagehadtoworryaboutweatherwhentravelingbytrain.TTFTTWarmingUpScriptInEngland,beforetherailwaywasinvented,longjourneysoftentookafewdaysbecauseofthebadroadconditions.Theywereusuallymadebystagecoach.Buttheinventionandpopularityofrailwaytrainssoongreatlyshortenedthetimeneededfortraveling.In1825,StocktonandDarlingtonRailwayofficiallyopened.Itwastheworld’sfirstpublicrailwaytousesteamlocomotives.Itsfirstline,whichwasabout40kilometersinlength,wasoriginallybuilttotransportcoals.Onthisline,GeorgeStephenson’snewsteamlocomotive,“LocomotionNo.1”,pulledwagonscarryingamixofcoalandflouraswellasguestsandworkmen.TheoperationoftheStocktonandDarlingtonRailwaywasagreatsuccess,somorerailwayswerebuiltbetweenmostofthebigtownsandcitiesinEnglandandsoonnearlyeverybodyusedthem.Powerfullocomotivescouldpullthetrainsatmuchhigherspeedsandbettercarriageswithproperdoorsandwindowswerebuiltforpassengerswhocouldpaymore.Unlikepassengersintheopencarriages,thoseinaclosedcarriagedidn’thavetoworryaboutunpleasantweather.Bytheendofthe19thcentury,Englishpeoplecouldtraveltomostpartsoftheircountrybytrain.Andrailwayswereusedinmanyothercountriesaswell.12345WarmingUpIntensive

ReadingAIntensive

ReadingBPracticalReadingReadingintoChinaIntensiveReadingA1Thefirstlocomotivethatcouldrunonrailswas

madein1803,underthedirectionofRichardTrevithick,aBritishinventorandmechanical

engineer.Itwasasteamlocomotive.Thoughitsstructurewascrude,itpossessedallthecharacteristicsofamodernlocomotivewiththeexceptionofthemulti-tubularboiler.2Thislocomotivehada60-inch-longreturnflueboilerandtwopairsofdrivingwheelswithadiameterof52incheseach.Thepowerwasgeneratedbyonecylinder,54incheslongand8inchesindiameter.Itcouldtravel9milesatatime,runningataspeedofabout5milesperhourandcarryingabout2tonsofcargoes.Thedownsideofthelocomotivewasthatitrantooslowandwastooheavyadeadweighttobeusedforcommercialoperation.However,itwasindeedagreatsuccessintheprocessofmechanicaldevelopment.EarlySteamLocomotivesIntensiveReadingA3Aftertheinventionofthelocomotive,manypeopletriedtoimproveit,andmanyengineers

experimentedwithnewdesigns.Sincetherewasnopreviousexperiencetodrawon,peopleatthattimedidnotrealizethatthefewerandsimplerthepartsofthemachine,thebetterperformanceitwouldachieve.Itwasnotuntil1829,whenthesimplystructured“Rocket”

wasjointlydesignedandbuiltbytwopioneeringrailwayengineers,GeorgeStephensonandhisson,RobertStephenson,thatthestereotypesaboutlocomotiveswerebroken.“Rocket”

couldreachatestspeedof36milesperhourtravelingashortdistance.EarlySteamLocomotivesIntensiveReadingA4Theemergenceof“Rocket”

meantthatthelocomotivesteppedintherightdirectionregardingitsconstructiondesignwithfewerpartsandasimplerstructure.“Rocket”

wassimilartothemodernlocomotiveinappearance.Ithadmulti-tubularboilers,induceddraftby

theemissionofitsexhauststeam,anddirectlyconnecteditspistonrodandcrankpintothedrivingwheel.Thoughitsinclinedcylindercausedanunevenrockingmotion,“Rocket”

playedaleadingroleinthestructuraldesignofearlysteamlocomotives.5AfterlocomotivesfirstappearedandweredevelopedinBritain,othercountries,includingtheUnitedStates,Germany,andFrance,alsoenjoyedtheconveniencebroughtaboutbythefastdevelopmentofrailwayconstructionandlocomotivetechnology.EarlySteamLocomotives

VocabularyWordslocomotive

n.

機(jī)車mechanical

adj.

機(jī)械的crude

adj.

粗制的，粗糙的diameter

n.

直徑cylinder

n.

（引擎的）汽缸commercial

adj.

商業(yè)的，贏利的experiment

v.

試驗(yàn)，做試驗(yàn)pioneering

adj.

先驅(qū)的，開創(chuàng)性的stereotype

n.

模式化的思想emission

n.

排放，散發(fā)inclined

adj.

傾斜的Phraseswiththeexceptionof 除了ataspeedof 以……的速度drawonsth

利用，動(dòng)用（信息、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、知識(shí)等）stepin 走進(jìn)，踏入TechnicalTermssteamlocomotive 蒸汽機(jī)車multi-tubularboiler 多管鍋爐returnflueboiler 回焰鍋爐drivingwheel 驅(qū)動(dòng)輪deadweight 自重pistonrod 活塞桿crankpin 曲柄銷IntensiveReadingATranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.1IntensiveReadingAVocabularyandStructure1回焰鍋爐2蒸汽機(jī)車3活塞桿4多管鍋爐5汽缸6自重7曲柄銷8驅(qū)動(dòng)輪returnflueboilersteamlocomotivepistonrodmulti-tublarboilercylinderdeadweightcrankpindrivingwheel1Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachsentence.21The

ofgasessuchascarbondioxideshouldbestabilizedattheirpresentlevel.A.emission B.admission C.envision2Theycarriedoutaseriesof

inthelaboratorytotestthetheory.A.expeditions B.experiences C.experiments3Themenstartedgatheringwoodtoconstructa(n)

shelter.A.crude B.elude C.delude4Hisworkdrawsheavily

theoriesoftrainoperation.A.at B.on C.in5Thetrainistraveling

aspeedof60milesperhour.A.in B.at C.uponIntensiveReadingAVocabularyandStructureACABBAnswerthefollowingquestions.3IntensiveReadingAReadingComprehension1Whodirectedtheinventionofthefirstlocomotivethatcouldrunonrails?2Whycouldn’tTrevithick’slocomotivebeusedforcommercialoperation?3Whatbrokethestereotypesaboutlocomotives?4Inwhatwaywas“Rocket”similartomodernlocomotives?RichardTrevithickdirectedtheinventionofit.Itrantooslowandwastooheavyadeadweighttobeusedforcommercialoperation.Thesimplystructured“Rocket”jointlydesignedandbuiltbyGeorgeStephensonandRobertStephensonbrokethestereotypesaboutlocomotives.“Rocket”wassimilartomodernlocomotivesinappearance.Completethefollowingtableaccordingtothetext4IntensiveReadingAReadingComprehensionRichardTrevithick’slocomotiveTheStephensons’locomotiveBoiler14Speed25Downside36return

flueboilermulti-tubularboiler5milesperhour36milesperhourcrude,slowandheavyinclinedcylinderDosomeresearch,summarizetheStephensons’contributionstothedevelopmentoftherailwayandmakeashortspeech.5IntensiveReadingAMini-projectGeorgeStephenson?built“Blucher”?designedandbuilt“Rocket”RobertStephenson?builttubularbridgesIntensiveReadingA1803年，英國(guó)發(fā)明家和機(jī)械工程師理查德·特里維西克（RichardTrevithick）發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)可以在鐵軌上行駛的機(jī)車。這是一輛蒸汽機(jī)車。雖然它的結(jié)構(gòu)很粗糙，但除了多管鍋爐外，它具備了現(xiàn)代機(jī)車的所有特征。這臺(tái)機(jī)車有一個(gè)60英寸長(zhǎng)的回焰鍋爐和兩對(duì)直徑各為52英寸的驅(qū)動(dòng)輪。它的動(dòng)力由一個(gè)長(zhǎng)54英寸、直徑8英寸的汽缸提供。它一次可行駛9英里，載重約2噸的情況下時(shí)速約為5英里。雖然由于該機(jī)車運(yùn)行速度太慢，自重太重，無(wú)法用于商業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)，但它的確是機(jī)械發(fā)展過(guò)程中的一個(gè)巨大的成就。早期蒸汽機(jī)車IntensiveReadingA機(jī)車發(fā)明后，許多人試圖對(duì)其進(jìn)行改進(jìn)，許多工程師也在嘗試新的設(shè)計(jì)。由于缺乏可借鑒的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，當(dāng)時(shí)的人們并沒(méi)有意識(shí)到，機(jī)器的部件越少、越簡(jiǎn)單，性能就越好。直到1829年，兩位鐵路工程建設(shè)先驅(qū)喬治·斯蒂芬森（GeorgeStephenson）和羅伯特·斯蒂芬森（RobertStephenson）父子共同設(shè)計(jì)并制造出結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的“火箭號(hào)”機(jī)車，才打破了人們對(duì)機(jī)車的固有印象?！盎鸺?hào)”在短距離內(nèi)的測(cè)試速度可達(dá)每小時(shí)36英里。早期蒸汽機(jī)車IntensiveReadingA“火箭號(hào)”機(jī)車零件更少，結(jié)構(gòu)更簡(jiǎn)單，它的出現(xiàn)意味著機(jī)車在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)上邁出了正確的一步。在外觀上“火箭號(hào)”與現(xiàn)代機(jī)車類似。它有多管鍋爐，通過(guò)排出的蒸汽產(chǎn)生引力，并將活塞桿和曲柄銷直接連接到驅(qū)動(dòng)輪上。雖然傾斜的汽缸會(huì)使機(jī)車運(yùn)行有些許顛簸，但在早期蒸汽機(jī)車的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中，“火箭號(hào)”起到了主導(dǎo)作用。機(jī)車在英國(guó)出現(xiàn)并得到發(fā)展后，包括美國(guó)、德國(guó)和法國(guó)在內(nèi)的其他國(guó)家也享受到了鐵路建設(shè)和機(jī)車技術(shù)快速發(fā)展帶來(lái)的便利。早期蒸汽機(jī)車12345WarmingUpIntensive

ReadingAIntensive

ReadingBPracticalReadingReadingintoChinaIntensiveReadingB1

Theinventionofsteamlocomotivesintheearly19thcenturywasoneofthegreatestachievementsoftheIndustrialRevolution.Afterthis,themobility

ofhumanbeingssignificantlyincreased.However,someofthesteamlocomotives’problemswerealsorevealed,suchastheirdifficultyinstartingandstopping,slowacceleration,andlowefficiency.

Therefore,peoplecontinuedtodevelopnewtypesoflocomotives,hopingtofindotherpowersourcestoreplacesteamengines.Withscientificandtechnologicaldevelopment,diesellocomotivesandelectriclocomotivescameintoservice.2Diesellocomotivesusedieselenginesastheirprimemover.DieselwasnamedafterRudolfDiesel,whoinventedthedieselenginein1893.Eventhoughthedieselengine’spotentialasarailwaypowersourcewasnotinitiallyrecognized,Rudolfworkedconstantlytoimproveitsperformanceuntil1897,whenthedieselengineroughlyreacheditsmaturity.Withhighpowerandreasonablefuelconsumption,

thedieselengineshowedbrilliantdevelopmentprospects,leadingtotherapiddevelopmentofdiesellocomotives.Towardtheendofthesteamera,theworldwitnessedthewidespreadadoptionofdiesellocomotives.AfterSteamEngines:TheDevelopmentofLocomotivesIntensiveReadingB3Thoughdiesellocomotivesareusuallynoisyandrequirehighpurityofrawmaterials,theyacceleratequickly.Theirfuelcanbeconvertedintousefultractionwithefficiencymuchhigherthanthatofsteamlocomotives.Inaddition,adieselengineiseasytostartandstop,andcansometimesrunforhoursatalmostmaximumpowerwithoutdamagingthemachine.Therefore,manydiesellocomotivescanreachahighlevelofoperatingmileage.4Thenelectriclocomotivesemergedandperformedbetterthandiesellocomotives.Althoughseenasthemarkofthemodernrailway,thepotentialofelectricitywasexploredveryearly.In1842,thefirststandardgageelectriclocomotivewascreated.In1879,thefirstsuccessfuloperationofanelectriclocomotivethatcouldcarry18passengersinthreeopencarriageswasheldinGermany.AfterWorldWarII,manyEuropeancountriesstartedtofocusonelectrificationprojectsontheirmainrailwaylines.The1980ssawthenotabledevelopmentofhigh-speedrailwayservices,whichfurtherbroughtrailwayelectrificationtotheworld.AfterSteamEngines:TheDevelopmentofLocomotivesIntensiveReadingB5Electrictrainsandlocomotivesfeaturelesspollution,betterperformance,lowerenergycosts,andlongerservicelife.Inthisrespect,theinventionofelectriclocomotivesisagreatadvance.However,electrifiedrailwaysrequirelargeinvestmentinconstructingtheOverheadContactSystem(OCS),thethirdrail,alongwithsubstations,acontrolsystem,andongoingmaintenance.Therefore,thehighcostofconstructingtherailwayelectrificationsystemisnotnegligible.It’sexpectedthatincreasinglyadvancedtechnologieswillsolvethisprobleminthefuture.AfterSteamEngines:TheDevelopmentofLocomotives

VocabularyWordsmobility

n.

流動(dòng)性，活動(dòng)性acceleration

n.（車輛的）加速能力，加速性能prime

adj.

主要的，最重要的maturity

n.

成熟（期）consumption

n.（精力、油、電等的）消耗量prospect

n.

前景，可能性widespread

adj.

分布廣的，廣泛流傳的purity

n.

純度，純粹traction

n.

牽引力，摩擦力emerge

v.

出現(xiàn)，興起gage

n.（鐵道的）軌距，

（火車的）輪距electrification

n.

電氣化，供電notable

adj.顯要的，顯著的feature

v.

以……為特色，是……的特征investment

n.

投資substation

n.

變電站，變電所negligible

adj.

可以忽視的，無(wú)

足輕重的IntensiveReadingB

VocabularyPhrasescomeinto

加入，卷入inaddition

此外，除此之外focuson

關(guān)注inthisrespect

在這一方面Technicaltermsdiesellocomotive

內(nèi)燃機(jī)車electriclocomotive

電力機(jī)車primemover

原動(dòng)機(jī)maximumpower

最大功率standardgage

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距OverheadContactSystem(OCS)架空接觸網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)thirdrail

第三軌IntensiveReadingBMatchthewordswiththeirmeaningsaccordingtothetext.1IntensiveReadingBVocabularyandStructure1widespread2consumption3notable4traction5feature6negligibleAtheamountofenergy,oil,electricity,etc.

thatisusedBthetypeofpowerneededtomakea

vehiclemove,ortopullaheavyloadCexistingorhappeninginmanyplacesor

situations,oramongmanypeopleDtoincludeorshowsomethingasaspecial

orimportantpartofsomethingEtooslightorunimportanttohaveanyeffectFimportant,interesting,excellent,orunusual

enoughtobenoticedormentionedFillintheblankswiththeproperwordsandterms.2IntensiveReadingBReadingComprehensionaccelerationmaturitythirdrail

standardgageprimemover

mobility1Thedevelopmentofrailwaysgreatlyfacilitatedthe

ofthepopulation.2Thecaroffersexcellentbrakingand

afterwarmingup.3Afterdecadesofexplorationandinnovation,China’stechnologyinrailways

hasreachedits

.4Thedieselengineisthe

ofadiesellocomotive.5Theestablishmentofthe

laysagoodfoundationfortheinterconnectionofrailwaysbetweencountries.6The

provideselectricpowertoatrainthroughaconductorplacedalongsidetherails.mobilityacceleration

maturityprimemoverstandardgagethirdrail1Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).3()1PeoplecouldtravelmorefreelyaftertheIndustrialRevolutionbecauseoftheinventionofsteamlocomotives.()2ThedieselenginewasnamedafterRudolfDiesel.

()3Thedieselenginewaswidelyusedassoonasitwasinvented.

()4Thefirstsuccessfully-operatedelectriclocomotivecouldcarrypassengersinclosedcarriages.()5Futureadvancedtechnologiesareexpectedtohelpreducethehighinvestmentinelectrifiedrailways.IntensiveReadingBReadingComprehensionTFFTTCompletethefollowingtableaccordingtothetext.4IntensiveReadingBReadingComprehensionAdvantageDisadvantageSteamlocomotive

1accelerateslowly2Diesellocomotive34keepworkingforalongtimeatitsmaximumpower5highrequirementsforthe

clarityofrawmaterialsElectriclocomotivelittlepollution678highinvestmentandongoingcostonthesupportinginfrastructuredifficulttostartandstoplowefficiencyacceleratequicklyeasytostartandstopnoisygoodperformancelowenergycostslongservicelifeTranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese.5IntensiveReadingBTranslationThoughdiesellocomotivesareusuallynoisyandrequirehighpurityofrawmaterials,theyacceleratequickly.Theirfuelcanbeconvertedintousefultractionwithefficiencymuchhigherthanthatofsteamlocomotives.雖然內(nèi)燃機(jī)車通常噪聲較大，對(duì)原材料的純度要求較高，但它們的加速度很快。內(nèi)燃機(jī)車的燃料可以轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的牽引力，效率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于蒸汽機(jī)車。IntensiveReadingB19世紀(jì)初蒸汽機(jī)車的發(fā)明是工業(yè)革命最偉大的成就之一。此后，人類的流動(dòng)性大大增強(qiáng)。然而，蒸汽機(jī)車的一些問(wèn)題也隨之顯露，如啟動(dòng)和停車?yán)щy、加速慢、效率低等。因此，人們不斷研發(fā)新型機(jī)車，希望找到能夠代替蒸汽機(jī)的其他動(dòng)力源。隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，內(nèi)燃機(jī)車和電力機(jī)車相繼投入使用。內(nèi)燃機(jī)車使用柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)作為原動(dòng)機(jī)。柴油機(jī)發(fā)明于1893年，以其發(fā)明人魯?shù)婪颉さ胰≧udolfDiesel）的名字命名。盡管最初，人們并沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到柴油機(jī)作為鐵路動(dòng)力源的潛力，但魯?shù)婪蛞恢痹诓粩喔倪M(jìn)其性能，直到1897年，柴油機(jī)才大致達(dá)到成熟。由于功率大、耗油量適中，柴油機(jī)展現(xiàn)出了輝煌的發(fā)展前景，帶動(dòng)了內(nèi)燃機(jī)車的快速發(fā)展。蒸汽時(shí)代結(jié)束后，內(nèi)燃機(jī)車在世界范圍內(nèi)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明后：機(jī)車的發(fā)展IntensiveReadingB雖然內(nèi)燃機(jī)車通常噪聲較大，對(duì)原材料的純度要求較高，但它們的加速度很快。內(nèi)燃機(jī)車的燃料可以轉(zhuǎn)化為有用的牽引力，效率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于蒸汽機(jī)車。此外，柴油機(jī)易于啟動(dòng)和停止，有時(shí)幾乎可以以最大功率運(yùn)行數(shù)小時(shí)而不損壞機(jī)器。因此，許多內(nèi)燃機(jī)車可以達(dá)到很高的運(yùn)行里程。后來(lái)電力機(jī)車出現(xiàn)了，其性能比內(nèi)燃機(jī)車更好。雖然電力機(jī)車是現(xiàn)代鐵路的標(biāo)志，但人們很早便開始發(fā)掘電力的潛力。1842年，第一臺(tái)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌距電力機(jī)車誕生。1879年，一輛牽引三節(jié)敞開式車廂、搭載了18名乘客的電力機(jī)車在德國(guó)首次成功運(yùn)行。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，許多歐洲國(guó)家開始將發(fā)展重心放到鐵路干線電氣化上。20世紀(jì)80年代，高速鐵路服務(wù)得到了迅猛發(fā)展，鐵路電氣化進(jìn)一步走向世界。蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明后：機(jī)車的發(fā)展IntensiveReadingB電力火車和電力機(jī)車的特點(diǎn)是污染少、性能好、能源成本低、使用壽命長(zhǎng)。在這一方面看來(lái)，電力機(jī)車的發(fā)明是一大進(jìn)步。不過(guò)電氣化鐵路的架空接觸網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)（OCS）、第三軌、變電站、控制系統(tǒng)和持續(xù)維護(hù)都需要耗費(fèi)大量的投資。因此，建設(shè)鐵路電氣化系統(tǒng)的高昂成本不容忽視。未來(lái)日益先進(jìn)的技術(shù)或?qū)⒔鉀Q這一問(wèn)題。蒸汽機(jī)發(fā)明后：機(jī)車的發(fā)展12345WarmingUpIntensive

ReadingAIntensive

ReadingBPracticalReadingReadingintoChinaPracticalReadingThefigureontherightisaschematicdrawingoftheroofinspectionrouteinRWECo.Theinspectorshouldbeginwiththeroofaccessdoor,walkalongtheleft-handwalkwayuntiltheyarriveatEndI;turnrightandkeeponwalkingalongthewalkwaytoEndII;andturnrighttowalkalongtheright_x0002_handwalkwayuntiltheycomebacktotheroofaccessdoor.Theinspectedcomponents,inspectionrequirements,andmethodsareclarifiedinthetable.RWE’sOperationSpecifications:LocomotiveRoofInspectionPracticalReadingRWE’sOperationSpecifications:LocomotiveRoofInspectionInspectedcomponentInspectedcomponentInspectionmethodRemarksStaircasetoroof,roof

accessdoor,andinterlockdevice1.Thestaircaseisfixedfirmlywithoutcracks.Thesealingremainsintactattheweldingpoint.2.Theroofaccessdoorisinstalledfirmly.Thereisnoloosenessatthehingeboltsandnodistortionontheroofaccessdoor.Thesealingpadsareingoodcondition.Thegroundcableiswell-connected.3.Thelimitswitchisfirmlyfixed.Thereisnolooseconnection.Theswitchcanfunctionnormally.4.Thegrounddeviceoftheroofaccessdoorandtheinsulatorarefirmlyinstalledwithoutdistortion.

VisualcheckHandtestThegroundcable

needstobe

replacedifithasbroken

strandsHigh-voltagepotentialtransformer1.Themountingboltsaretight.2.Therearenobrokenorloosestrandsintheconnectionsoftwire.3.Theinsulatorisdryandcleanwithoutdamageorcracks.4.Themoistureabsorberisfinewithnodamage.5.Thereisnooilleakageinthetransformer,andtheoillevelisnormal.6.Thegroundwireisinagoodstate.HammertestVisualcheckHandtestThenormalcolorofthemoistureabsorberagentshouldbeblue.Itshouldbereplacedwhen2/3ofithasturnedtored.

VocabularyWordsschematic

adj.

概要的，簡(jiǎn)略的clarify

v.

闡明crack

n.

裂縫，縫隙intact

adj.

完好無(wú)損的，未受損傷的install

v.

安裝，設(shè)置looseness

n.

松散，不緊密distortion

n.

變形，扭曲insulator

n.

絕緣體，絕緣子leakage

n.

泄露，透露Phraseskeepondoingsth 繼續(xù)做某事ingoodcondition 處于良好的狀態(tài)TechnicalTermsaccessdoor 檢修門interlockdevice 聯(lián)鎖裝置weldingpoint 焊接點(diǎn)hingebolt 鉸接螺栓limitswitch 限位開關(guān)mountingbolt 裝配螺栓moistureabsorber 吸濕器hammertest 錘擊試驗(yàn)PracticalReadingUsethecluestofillinthewords.1PracticalReadingExtendedExercise11thechangingoftheappearanceofsomethinginawaythatmakesitseemstrange2whengas,water,etc.leaksinorout3showingthemainpartsofsomethinginasimpleway4tomakesomethingcleareroreasiertounderstand5notbroken,damaged,orspoiled6averynarrowspacebetweentwothings132456distortionleakagechemticclrifyinactrackCompletethefollowingmindmapaccordingtothetext.2PracticalReadingExtendedExerciseconnectionsoftwireinsulatornodamageorcracksmoistureabsorbernooilleakagegroundwirePracticalReading

右圖是RWE公司車頂檢查路線示意圖。檢查人員應(yīng)從車頂檢修門開始，沿左側(cè)通道步行至終點(diǎn)I，右轉(zhuǎn)繼續(xù)沿通道步行至終點(diǎn)II，然后右轉(zhuǎn)沿右側(cè)人行道回到車頂檢修門。下表為受檢部件、檢查要求和檢查方法。RWE公司操作規(guī)范：機(jī)車車頂檢查PracticalReading

RWE公司操作規(guī)范：機(jī)車車頂檢查受檢部件檢查要求檢查方法備注通往屋頂?shù)臉翘?、屋頂檢修門和聯(lián)鎖裝置1.樓梯固定牢固，無(wú)裂紋。焊接點(diǎn)密封完好。2.屋頂檢修門安裝牢固。鉸鏈螺栓無(wú)松動(dòng)，屋頂檢修門無(wú)變形。密封墊狀況良好。接地電纜連接良好。3.限位開關(guān)固定牢固。連接無(wú)松動(dòng)。開關(guān)能正常工作。4.屋頂檢修門的接地裝置和絕緣子安裝牢固，無(wú)變形。目測(cè)手感試驗(yàn)如果接地線斷股，則需要更換。高壓變壓器1.安裝螺栓是否擰緊。2.連接軟線沒(méi)有斷股或松動(dòng)。3.絕緣子干燥清潔，無(wú)損壞或裂紋。4.吸濕器完好無(wú)損。5.變壓器無(wú)滲漏油，油位正常。6.接地線狀態(tài)良好。錘擊試驗(yàn)?zāi)繙y(cè)手感試驗(yàn)吸濕劑的正常顏色應(yīng)為藍(lán)色。當(dāng)2/3的吸濕劑變成紅色時(shí)就應(yīng)更換。12345WarmingUpIntensive

ReadingAIntensive

ReadingBPracticalReadingReadingintoChinaReadingintoChinaQinghai-TibetRailway1Asanengineeringmarvel,theQinghai-TibetRailwayholdstherecordfortheworld’shighesttrainroute,reachingaltitudesover5,000meters.Sometimeshailedasthe“skyway”,therailwaytr