數(shù)控穩(wěn)壓電源B課設(shè)報(bào)告

目錄1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及要求·························································································12方案論證····································································································12.1方案一······························································································12.2方案二······························································································13部分電路工作原理······················································································23.1按鍵電路····························································································23.2數(shù)字控制電路····················································································23.2.174LS192····················································································23.2.3數(shù)字顯示電路···········································································33.3模擬電路部分·····················································································43.3.1加法器電路···············································································53.3.2電壓跟隨器電路········································································63.3.3電流放大電路···········································································63.3.4模擬電路總圖···········································································6···························································································73.4原理總圖3.5元器件清單························································································74調(diào)試過程及測試結(jié)果··················································································84.1通電前檢查························································································84.2通電檢查···························································································84.2.1按鈕開關(guān)的檢查································································84.2.274LS192模塊調(diào)試······································································84.2.3CD4511模塊調(diào)試········································································84.2.4數(shù)碼管，74HC14調(diào)試·······························································84.2.5輸出電壓調(diào)試···········································································84.2.6三極管調(diào)試···············································································84.2.7共集電極NPN型復(fù)合管調(diào)試·······················································8·················································································9···········································································································94.3仿真結(jié)果及分析5小結(jié)6設(shè)計(jì)體會(huì)及今后改進(jìn)意見···········································································9··································································································96.1體會(huì)6.2本方案特點(diǎn)及存在問題····················96.3改進(jìn)·································································································10參考文獻(xiàn)·································································································11I

1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)及要求設(shè)計(jì)并制作一個(gè)數(shù)控穩(wěn)壓電源。電源設(shè)有“電壓增”（UP）和“電壓減”（DOWN）兩個(gè)鍵，按UP時(shí)輸出電壓步進(jìn)增加，按DOWN時(shí)步進(jìn)減小。具體要求如下：(1)輸出電壓為0~9.9V，步進(jìn)為0.1V；(2)輸出電壓的誤差≤±0.05V；(3)用LED數(shù)碼管顯示輸出電壓的設(shè)定值；(4)最大輸出電流≥1A。發(fā)揮部分：輸出電壓可在0～9.9V范圍可以任意預(yù)置。參考元器件：74HC190/192，CD4511，DAC0832，NE5532/TL082，S8050/8550，TIP41/2N3055/3DD15。2方案論證采用模擬電路和數(shù)字電路兩種不同類型的電路實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)壓電源的穩(wěn)壓輸出。2.1方案一用模擬電路和數(shù)字電路的知識(shí)，完成大電壓到小電壓的轉(zhuǎn)化，原理設(shè)計(jì)框圖如圖2-1。按鍵電路數(shù)字控制電路電壓顯示電路電壓輸出VREF=16VD/A轉(zhuǎn)換電路加法器圖2-1整體方框圖由方框圖看出是將16基準(zhǔn)電壓通過DAC0832D\A轉(zhuǎn)化為所需電壓，由數(shù)字顯示部分顯示輸出電壓，用74LS192控制顯示部分和數(shù)字信號(hào)輸入部分，用兩個(gè)按鍵分別為up鍵和down鍵控制輸入的增減，數(shù)字部分用來顯示設(shè)置的電壓值，數(shù)字信號(hào)經(jīng)D\A轉(zhuǎn)換后將基準(zhǔn)電壓Vref轉(zhuǎn)化為所需電壓初值，經(jīng)過加法器后將小數(shù)位電壓和各位電壓相加得到所需電壓。2.2方案二用單片和機(jī)DAC0832芯片變成實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)控穩(wěn)壓電源，該方案電路圖簡單，操作簡單但對(duì)初學(xué)者來說并不適用，不能很好的將數(shù)模電理論知識(shí)實(shí)際化，而且沒學(xué)習(xí)過單片的機(jī)同學(xué)不能很好完成。綜合考慮：采用方案一，對(duì)初學(xué)者學(xué)習(xí)有很大幫助，便于掌握教材知識(shí)。13部分電路工作原理部分電路分為數(shù)字控制電路、數(shù)字顯示電路、和模擬電路。三種電路協(xié)同完成穩(wěn)壓電源的設(shè)計(jì)。按鍵電路用來控制數(shù)字輸入量，分為UP鍵和DOWN鍵步進(jìn)為0.1v按鍵電路圖3-1開關(guān)電路開關(guān)電路的設(shè)計(jì)部運(yùn)用施密特觸發(fā)器來消除按鍵抖動(dòng)。使其產(chǎn)生穩(wěn)定的數(shù)字信號(hào)不會(huì)因抖動(dòng)而是數(shù)字顯示量跳躍。3.2數(shù)字控制電路(1)UP為加計(jì)數(shù)時(shí)鐘輸入端，DN為減計(jì)數(shù)時(shí)鐘輸入端；(2)PL為預(yù)置輸入控制端，異步預(yù)置；2圖3-374LS192原理連接圖圖3-4CD4511引腳圖（1）A0~A3：二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)輸入端；（2）BI__:輸出消隱控制端，LE：數(shù)據(jù)鎖定控制端；__3（3）LT：燈測試端，a~g：數(shù)據(jù)輸出端；（4）VDD：電源正，VSS：電源負(fù)。CDA511連接原理圖如圖4-5。圖3-5數(shù)碼管連接原理圖3.3模擬電路部分DAC0832是8分辨率的D/A轉(zhuǎn)換集成芯片。與微處理器完全兼容。這個(gè)DA芯片以其價(jià)格低廉、接口簡單、轉(zhuǎn)換控制容易等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，在單片機(jī)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器由8位輸入鎖存器、8位DAC寄存器、8位D/A轉(zhuǎn)換電路及轉(zhuǎn)換控制電路構(gòu)成。DAC0832引腳功能如圖4-6。圖3-6DAC0832引腳圖（1）D0～D7：8位數(shù)據(jù)輸入線，TTL電平，有效時(shí)間應(yīng)大于90ns（2）ILE：數(shù)據(jù)鎖存允許控制信號(hào)輸入線，高電平有效；（3）CS：片選信號(hào)輸入線（選通數(shù)據(jù)鎖存器），低電平有效；（4）WR1：數(shù)據(jù)鎖存器寫選通輸入線，負(fù)脈沖（脈寬應(yīng)大于500ns）有效。由ILE、CS、WR1的邏輯組合產(chǎn)生LE1，當(dāng)LE1為高電平時(shí)，數(shù)據(jù)鎖存器狀態(tài)隨輸入數(shù)據(jù)線變換，LE1的負(fù)跳變時(shí)將輸入數(shù)據(jù)鎖存；（5）XFER：數(shù)據(jù)傳輸控制信號(hào)輸入線，低電平有效，負(fù)脈沖（脈寬應(yīng)大于500ns）有效；4（6）WR2：DAC寄存器選通輸入線，負(fù)脈沖（脈寬應(yīng)大于500ns）有效。由WR2、XFER的邏輯組合產(chǎn)生LE2，當(dāng)LE2為高電平時(shí)，DAC寄存器的輸出隨寄存器的輸入而變化，LE2的負(fù)跳變時(shí)將數(shù)據(jù)鎖存器的內(nèi)容打入DAC寄存器并開始D/A轉(zhuǎn)換。（7）IOUT1：電流輸出端1，其值隨DAC寄存器的內(nèi)容線性變化；（8）IOUT2：電流輸出端2，其值與IOUT1值之和為一常數(shù)；（9）RFB：反饋信號(hào)輸入線，改變RFB端外接電阻值可調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)換滿量程精度；（10）Vcc：電源輸入端，Vcc的范圍為+5V～+15V；（11）VREF：基準(zhǔn)電壓輸入線，VREF的范圍為-10V～+10V；（12）AGND：模擬信號(hào)地；（13）DGND：數(shù)字信號(hào)地。圖3-7DAC0832連接圖輸出電壓計(jì)算公式為：3.3運(yùn)放部分原理3.3.1加法器電路圖3-8加法器電路5如圖3-8所示由兩片DAC0832輸出兩種相同電壓設(shè)置R1=10K，R2=1K，R3=1K，經(jīng)比例加法器后將一路電壓縮小為原來的十倍作為0.1v步進(jìn)電壓，所得電壓Vout就為輸出電壓。3.3.2電壓跟隨器電路圖3-9電壓跟隨器電壓跟隨器作用就是穩(wěn)定輸出電壓，利用電壓負(fù)反饋使得輸出緊隨輸。3.3.3電流放大電路共集電極電流放大電路如圖4-10。共集電極復(fù)合管作用：具有電流放大，電壓跟隨作用輸出電流：II。輸出電壓：UU。共集電極放大電路的輸入電阻與負(fù)載電阻有b12oi3.3.4模擬電路總圖圖3-11模擬電路總圖6圖3-12原理總圖表3-1元器件清單元器件個(gè)數(shù)2微動(dòng)開關(guān)74LS192CD45112274HC1410.1uf電容10k電阻1K電阻234DAC0832NE553224TIP4112N22218歐姆50瓦電阻導(dǎo)線110米2共陰數(shù)碼管74調(diào)試過程及測試結(jié)果4.1通電前檢查電路安裝完畢后，經(jīng)檢查電路各部分接線正確，電源、元器件之間無短路，器件無接錯(cuò)現(xiàn)象。4.2通電檢查4.2.1按鈕開關(guān)的檢查首先將按鈕開關(guān)和其他電路模塊斷開，端接5伏直流電壓。理論上對(duì)于開關(guān)按鈕用萬用表測其連段電壓，若果按下電壓壓為0v，則按鈕開關(guān)完好。只留按鈕開關(guān)部分。其次，給電路兩為5v，斷開電4.2.274LS192模塊調(diào)試斷開74LS192后續(xù)部分接通5v電源，用萬用表測74LS192各引腳，判斷其是否正常工作，按按鈕置數(shù)判斷輸出為是否正常工作。4.2.3CD4511模塊調(diào)試斷開CD4511后續(xù)部分，上電用微動(dòng)開關(guān)置數(shù)，用萬用表測各引腳是否真長工作，即可判斷其是否完好。4.2.4數(shù)碼管，74HC14調(diào)試調(diào)試部分，接通電源，按鍵置數(shù)，觀察數(shù)碼管是否按規(guī)律此部分為完整數(shù)電增減，是否能自動(dòng)清零，則可判斷該部分是否完好4.2.5輸出電壓調(diào)試接通電源，按鍵置數(shù)0~9.9v，如圖6-2-5加法器用完用表測量運(yùn)放輸出端口UB6運(yùn)放的7端口和U6A的1端口，以及U8A的1端口電壓，若滿足U6A1U6B7,UU6A1U6A78A110則調(diào)試完畢。4.2.6三極管調(diào)試接通電源，測量三極管各極電壓，判斷是否處于放大狀態(tài)，若均處于放大狀態(tài)則調(diào)試完畢，測試結(jié)果正常。4.2.7共集電極NPN型復(fù)合管調(diào)試8共集電極NPN型復(fù)合管用來放大電流，連接好完整電路，接通電源，按鍵IURI置數(shù)，用萬用表測負(fù)載兩端電壓，當(dāng)滿足輸出電流/時(shí)，且滿足1omax時(shí)，調(diào)試完畢。4.3仿真結(jié)果及分析表4-1仿真結(jié)果顯示電壓/V負(fù)載電壓/V負(fù)載電流/A0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.09.90.000.991.993.004.005.016.017.028.029.0310.000.000.120.250.370.490.650.750891.001.101.115小結(jié)本次數(shù)模電課程設(shè)計(jì)，主要是通過利用數(shù)模電知識(shí)來解決實(shí)際問題，本次課設(shè)數(shù)控穩(wěn)壓電源設(shè)計(jì)從根本上利用了兩本書的幾乎所有知識(shí)，例如數(shù)電的各種芯片、模電的三極管、比例運(yùn)算加法器、復(fù)合三極管等，而且通過我們自己動(dòng)手焊接電路板，使我們充分認(rèn)識(shí)到工業(yè)產(chǎn)品的本質(zhì)特性，是一次非常有價(jià)值和有教的義設(shè)計(jì)課程。6設(shè)計(jì)體會(huì)及今后改進(jìn)意見6.1體會(huì)從本次設(shè)計(jì)課程中，我深刻體會(huì)到知識(shí)的踐的全過程，讓以前的一無