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SectionⅢUsinglanguage&Writing
語法專項(xiàng)突破寫作能力提升課后限時(shí)訓(xùn)練名著賞析?素養(yǎng)提能省略為了避免重復(fù),或?yàn)榱耸咕渥痈?jiǎn)練,在一些句子中常常省去一個(gè)或某幾個(gè)成分,這種語法現(xiàn)象在英語中叫省略。在英語句子中,常見的省略情況有以下幾種:一、并列句中的省略在由and或but連接的并列句中,常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。1.省略共同的主語或賓語?!鬞ompickedupabookonthefloorand(Tom)handedittotheteacher.湯姆在地板上撿起了一本書并把它交給了老師。2.若主語不同,而謂語部分的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同,則省略后面的系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞?!鬔ackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球,瑪麗肯定一直在做作業(yè)。3.若主語與謂語動(dòng)詞相同,則省略后面的主謂成分。◆Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.他的建議使我高興,卻使吉姆生氣。4.若主語不同,但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同,則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分?!鬑ehasaknowledgeoffirstaidbuthisfrienddoesn't(haveaknowledgeoffirstaid).他具備急救知識(shí),但他朋友不具備。二、復(fù)合句中的省略1.狀語從句的省略(1)在when,while,if,asif,though,although,as,until,once,whether,unless,whenever等連接的狀語從句中,當(dāng)從句主語跟主句主語相同且從句謂語中含有系動(dòng)詞be或從句的主語為it時(shí),則從句中主語和be動(dòng)詞常被省略。◆As(itis)scheduled,weparticipatedinseveralinstructiveactivities.按照計(jì)劃安排,我們參加了幾個(gè)有指導(dǎo)意義的活動(dòng)?!鬢henever(itis)possible,theywouldstophimandaskhimthethreequestions.只要有可能,他們就讓他停下并問他這三個(gè)問題?!鬖ookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.過街時(shí)要當(dāng)心車輛。[溫馨提示](1)省略句中的謂語動(dòng)詞和主語之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;若構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,則使用過去分詞;若謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生,則使用不定式?!鬢hen(itis)heated,icecanbeturnedintowater.加熱的時(shí)候冰可以變成水。(2)在than,as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常省略某些成分。◆Theydon'tusemorewaterthan(itis)necessary.他們使用的水沒有超出需要量?!鬑erunsasfastasBob(runs).他和鮑勃跑得一樣快。2.定語從句中的省略(1)在限制性定語從句中作賓語的關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom可省略?!鬞hecomputer(which)Iwantedtobuywassoldout.我想買的那種電腦賣光了。(2)在定語從句中way作先行詞,且在句中充當(dāng)方式狀語時(shí),可省略引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞。◆Idon'tliketheway(that)hespeakstome.我不喜歡他對(duì)我說話的方式。(3)在以thesame...as...或such...as...引導(dǎo)的某些定語從句中,也可省略與主句相同的部分?!鬒havethesametroubleasyou(have).我和你有同樣的困難。3.賓語從句的省略(1)及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語從句時(shí),連接詞that一般可以省略;但如果及物動(dòng)詞接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時(shí),那么只有第一個(gè)that可以省略?!鬒dobelieve(that)Iamveryqualifiedforthisvoluntarywork,becauseIhaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish.我的確相信我適合這個(gè)志愿者工作,因?yàn)槲揖ㄓ⒄Z口語?!鬑esaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他說這篇課文很重要,我們應(yīng)該牢記在心。(2)when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句有時(shí)可以僅保留引導(dǎo)詞?!鬒knowthatamoviestarwillcometoourcitybutIdon'tknowwhen(hewillcometoourcity).我知道一個(gè)電影明星將要來我們市,但我不知道他什么時(shí)候來。三、其他的省略情況1.動(dòng)詞不定式的省略(1)當(dāng)不定式在形容詞afraid,anxious,eager,glad,happy,ready,willing等后作狀語時(shí),to后的內(nèi)容常省略?!鬥oucan'tforcehimtoanswerthequestionifhe'snotreadyto(answerthequestion).如果他不愿意回答這個(gè)問題,你不能強(qiáng)迫他。(2)某些使役動(dòng)詞,如make,let,have等和感官動(dòng)詞,如see,watch,notice,observe,hear等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to,但若這些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),則to不省略?!鬢eoftenhearhersinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.→SheisoftenheardtosinganEnglishsongintheclassroom.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))我們經(jīng)常聽見她在教室唱英文歌。(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符號(hào)to。但若兩個(gè)不定式之間表示對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí),不能省略to?!鬑elikestoswimmorethan(to)skate.比起溜冰他更喜歡游泳?!鬑ebelievesitimportanttostudyratherthantomakefriends.(比較)他認(rèn)為最重要的是學(xué)習(xí)而不是交朋友。(4)當(dāng)不定式在某些動(dòng)詞后作賓語時(shí),常可省略to后的內(nèi)容。常見的動(dòng)詞有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike等?!簟猈illyougotothecinemawithme?—I'dliketo(gowithyou).——你愿意和我一起去看電影嗎?——我愿意。(5)介詞but,except(除了)前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí),后面的不定式不帶to。◆Allhecoulddowasnothingbutwaitandsee.他所能做的只有等著瞧。(6)當(dāng)不定式在begoingto,beableto,haveto,oughtto,usedto后作復(fù)合謂語時(shí),不定式可省略?!鬞heydidn'tvisittheirparentsasmuchastheyoughtto(visittheirparents).他們應(yīng)該多看望父母,但他們沒有。2.使用so,not等時(shí)的省略為了避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句,與believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I'mafraid等連用。so表示贊同前述的事實(shí),not表示不贊同前述的事實(shí)。◆—HassheeverbeentoLondon?—Idon'tthinkso.(=Idon'tthinkshehaseverbeentoLondon.)——她曾到過倫敦嗎?——我想她沒去過?!簟猈illitraintomorrow?—Ihopenot.(=Ihopeitwon'traintomorrow.)——明天會(huì)下雨嗎?——我希望不會(huì)。◆—Canyoucomenextweek?—I'mafraidnot.(=I'mafraidthatIcannotcome.)——你下星期能來嗎?——恐怕我不能來。Ⅰ.用省略句改寫下列句子1.WhenIwasaskedhowtogettothetrainstation,Itoldhimrightaway.→_________________________________________,Itoldhimrightaway.2.Youcanaskmybrotherforhelpifitisnecessary.→Youcanaskmybrotherforhelp_______________.3.Wedon'tgotothecinemaasmuchasweusedtogotothecinema.→Wedon'tgotothecinema____________________.Whenaskedhowtogettothetrainstationifnecessary
asmuchasweusedto4.Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyareperformed,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.→__________________________________,theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.5.Iftheexperimentcanbedonecarefully,itissuretosucceed.→____________________,theexperimentissuretosucceed.6.WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.→________________________________,Iheardmynamecalled.Nomatterhowfrequentlyperformed
IfdonecarefullyWhilewalkingalongthestreet7.Whenitispossible,peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.→________________,peopleshouldusereproducibleenergyinsteadoffossilenergy.8.Helookedeverywhereasifhewasinsearchofsomething.→Helookedeverywhere______________________________.Whenpossible
asifinsearchofsomething
9.Thoughhewastired,hekeptonworkinginthefield.→____________________,hekeptonworkinginthefield.10.Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfathertoldhimnottoplaywiththeknife.→Theboyusedtoplaywiththeknifethoughhisfather____________________.ThoughtiredtoldhimnottoⅡ.語法與寫作1.除非你被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言,否則你應(yīng)該在這次會(huì)議上保持沉默。____________________,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.2.亨利通過期末考試的可能性很小,但他仍希望通過。Henryislesslikelytopasstheend-of-termexam,buthestill_______________.3.他們的友誼一旦失去,就無法再挽回。______________,theirfriendshipwon'tbewonback.Unlessinvitedtospeak
hopesto
Oncelost4.在那家意大利餐館里,我很難在菜單上找到合適的食物。I__________________________________________onthemenuinthatItalianrestaurant.5.讓我驚訝的是,我兒子的作業(yè)比預(yù)期完成得要好。Tomysurprise,mysonfinishedhishomework____________________.hadgreatdifficultyfindingthesuitablefood
betterthanexpected指導(dǎo)性說明文[文體分析]本寫作任務(wù)要求寫安全指南,屬于指導(dǎo)性說明文。此類寫作的特點(diǎn)是:目的明確、簡(jiǎn)潔明了、步驟清晰、操作性強(qiáng)。句型以祈使句為主,時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主,人稱多用第一人稱或第二人稱。本文可分三部分:第一部分:引入話題(比如:遇到有人溺水怎么辦);第二部分:說明如何施救;第三部分:總結(jié)全文(說明實(shí)施急救的重要性)。[常用句式]1.Weshouldcheckwhetherthepersoncanbreatheornot.2.Usethemouth-to-mouthmethodwithinfiveminutes.3.Laythepatientdownonacoatorsleepingbagifpossible.4.Coverthewoundwithabandageorapieceofdrycleancloth.5.Don'ttrytomovethepersonunlessheisindanger.6.Don'tgivethepersonanythingtoeatordrink.[寫作要求]假設(shè)你是李華,你們學(xué)校的英語網(wǎng)站正面向全校學(xué)生征集有關(guān)安全指南的英文稿件。請(qǐng)你給該網(wǎng)站投稿,介紹交通事故方面的急救常識(shí)。內(nèi)容包括:1.首先保持鎮(zhèn)靜;2.檢查傷者呼吸情況,呼吸困難要實(shí)施人工呼吸;3.如傷者有出血情況要用布按壓止血,然后等候救護(hù)車及警察的幫助。注意:1.詞數(shù)80左右;2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫。[審題謀篇]體裁說明文話題如何實(shí)施急救時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱第二人稱[詞句推敲]1.詞匯①反應(yīng)____________________②幫助____________________③傷口____________________④核實(shí)____________________⑤注意____________________respond
assistance
wound
checkout
payattentionto2.句式①知道如何正確地應(yīng)對(duì)起著重要的作用。Knowinghowtorespondproperlycanmakeabigdifference.→_________________________________________canmakeabigdifference.(用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型改寫句子)②這里有一些規(guī)則。你可以遵守這些規(guī)則。Herearesomerules.Youcanfollowtheserules.→_____________________________________(用定語從句合并句子)ItisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatHerearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.③如果有必要的話,要實(shí)施人工呼吸進(jìn)行緊急救助。Ifitisnecessary,usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.→_______________,usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.(用省略句改寫句子)Ifnecessary[妙筆成篇]
[參考范文]FirstAidforAccidentsIfyouhappentowitnessanaccident,whatshouldyoudotosaveotherpeople'slives?Itisknowinghowtorespondproperlythatcanmakeabigdifference.Herearesomerulesthatyoucanfollow.Firstly,youmuststaycalmandcallthepoliceandanambulance.Next,payattentiontotheperson'sbreathing,especiallyifheishavingtroublegettinghisbreath.Ifnecessary,usethemouth-to-mouthtechniquetogiveimmediateassistance.Besides,iftheinjuredpersonisbleeding,pressacleantowelorclothontohiswound.Finally,staywiththeinjuredpersonandcomforthimuntilthearrivalofthepoliceandambulance.名著賞析·素養(yǎng)提能【導(dǎo)讀】
《誰動(dòng)了我的奶酪?》是美國作家斯賓塞·約翰遜寫的一個(gè)寓言故事,每頁都配有主人公滑稽可愛、個(gè)性鮮明的漫畫形象。該書自1998年9月出版后,兩年中銷售2000萬冊(cè),同時(shí)迅速躍居《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》《商業(yè)周刊》最暢銷圖書排行榜第一名。Whomovedmycheese?(excerpt)Once,longagoinalandfaraway,therelivedfourlittlecharacterswhoranthroughamazelookingforcheesetonourishthemandmakethemhappy.Twoweremicenamed“Sniff”and“Scurry”andtwowerelittlepeople—beingswhowereassmallasmicebutwholookedandactedalotlikepeopletoday.Theirnameswere“Hem”and“Haw”.Duetotheirsmallsize,itwouldbeeasynottonoticewhatthefourofthemweredoing.Butifyoulookedcloselyenough,youcoulddiscoverthemostamazingthings!Everyday,themiceandthelittlepeoplespenttimeintheMazelookingfortheirownspecialcheese.Themice,SniffandScurry,possessingonlysimplerodentbrains,butgoodinstincts,searchedforthehardnibblingcheesetheyliked,asmiceoftendo.Thetwolittlepeople,HemandHaw,usedtheirbrains,filledwithmanybeliefsandemotions,tosearchforaverydifferentkindofCheese—withacapitalC—whichtheybelievedwouldmakethemfeelhappyandsuccessful.Asdifferentasthemiceandlittlepeoplewere,theysharedsomethingincommon.Everymorning,theyeachputontheirjoggingsuitsandrunningshoes,lefttheirlittlehomes,andracedoutintotheMazelookingfortheirfavoritecheese.TheMazewasalabyrinthofcorridorsandchambers,somecontainingdeliciouscheese.Buttherewerealsodarkcornersandblindalleysleadingnowhere.Itwasaneasyplaceforanyonetogetlost.《誰動(dòng)了我的奶酪?》(節(jié)選)從前,在一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的地方,住著四個(gè)小家伙。為了填飽肚子和享受樂趣,他們?cè)谝蛔詫m里跑來跑去,在那里尋找一種叫“奶酪”的食物。有兩個(gè)小家伙是老鼠,一個(gè)叫“嗅嗅”,另一個(gè)叫“匆匆”。另外兩個(gè)家伙則是小矮人,和老鼠一般大小,但和人一個(gè)模樣,而且他們的行為也和我們今天的人類差不多。他們的名字,一個(gè)叫“哼哼”,另一個(gè)叫“唧唧”。由于他們四個(gè)實(shí)在太小了,他們?cè)诟墒裁串?dāng)然不太會(huì)引起旁人的注意。但如果你湊近去仔細(xì)觀察,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)許多令人驚奇不已的事情!兩個(gè)老鼠和兩個(gè)小矮人每天都在迷宮中度過,在其中尋找他們各自喜歡的奶酪。嗅嗅、匆匆的大腦和其他嚙齒類動(dòng)物的差不多一樣簡(jiǎn)單,但他們有很好的直覺。和別的老鼠一樣,他們喜歡的是那種適合啃咬的、硬一點(diǎn)的奶酪。而那兩個(gè)小矮人,哼哼和唧唧,則靠腦袋行事,他們的腦袋里裝滿了各種信念和情感。他們要找的是一種特殊的帶字母“C”的奶酪。他們相信,這樣的奶酪會(huì)給他們帶來幸福,使他們成功。盡管小老鼠和小矮人的目標(biāo)各不相同,但他們做的事情有些是差不多的。每天早上,他們會(huì)各自穿上運(yùn)動(dòng)服和慢跑鞋,離開他們的小房子,跑進(jìn)迷宮尋找他們各自鐘愛的奶酪。迷宮中有許多曲折的走廊和好像蜂窩似的房間,其中的一些房間里藏著美味的奶酪,但有的地方則是黑暗的角落和隱蔽的死胡同,任何人走進(jìn)去都很容易迷路。7.Once,longagoinalandfaraway,therelivedfourlittlecharacterswhoranthroughamazelookingforcheesetonourishthemandmakethemhappy.分析:該句中who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞characters;lookingforcheese是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。Unit6Disasterandhope
SectionAThe
Science
of
EarthquakesWhatisanearthquake?Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonic
plates①.Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.Whatcauseearthquakesandwheredotheyhappen?Theearthhasfourmainlayers②.Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle③andtheearth’scrust④.Thecrustandthetopofthemantlemakeupathinskinonthesurfaceoftheplanet.Butthisskinisnotallinonepiece.Itisactuallymadeupofmanytectonicplates.Theyarelikepuzzlepieces.Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck.Thatiswhenanearthquakehappens.Whydoestheearthshakewhenthereisanearthquake?Earthquakessendoutwavesinalldirections.Whentheyreachtheearth’ssurface,theyshaketheground.Therearedifferenttypesofearthquakewaves.ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.Howareearthquakesrecorded?Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs⑤.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.
詞海拾貝①tectonicplate構(gòu)造板塊②layern.層③mantlen.地幔④crustn.地殼⑤seismographn.地震儀典句欣賞Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.譯文:地震儀的記錄告訴科學(xué)家地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。分析:該句子中Recordings為主語,fromseismographs為介詞短語作后置定語,修飾Recordings;tell為謂語,scientists作tell的間接賓語;whenandwhereanearthquaketookplace為賓語從句。理解誘思1.Whatsignsbeforeanearthquake?答案:Brightlightflashinthesky.Thewaterinthewellrisesandfalls.Chickensareflyinganddogsarebarking,andpigsandcowsaretoonervous.Fishjumpoutofthepond,andmicerunwildlyoutofthefields.2.Whatshouldwedoincasethereisanearthquake?答案:Besuretostaycalmanddoeverythingtheteachertellsyou.Ifyouareinclass,takecoverunderdeskquicklyanddonotmoveuntilthefloorstopsshaking.Ifyouareontheplayground,staywhereyouare,crouchandprotectyourhead.Don’tstandnearhighbuildingsthatmayfalldownanddon’tjumpoffthebuilding.Helpyourclassmatesifyoucanandtrytogothroughthedisastertogether.
Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.知識(shí)體系圖解
disastertubepluseruptimmediatelyhurricaneoccurannouncement對(duì)……做出回應(yīng),反應(yīng)面臨,面對(duì)應(yīng)對(duì),解決撿起當(dāng)然與……比起來成功瀏覽由于而且,除此之外Ⅱ.詞匯拓展1.eruptv.→
(n.)
2.immediatelyadv.&conj.→
(adj.)
3.occurv.→
(n.)→
(過去式/過去分詞)
4.announcementn.→
(v.)
eruptionimmediateoccurrenceoccurredannounceⅢ.閱讀導(dǎo)學(xué)根據(jù)pp.62-63課文內(nèi)容,回答下列問題。1.Whereistheauthor?2.Wheredoestheauthorprobablyworkin?3.WhydoestheauthorwanttogotoBankstation?4.Whatplansdoestheauthormakeforthefuture?5.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenheseesthephotosinthenewspaper?答案:1.Inthetube/subway.2.Inabank.3.Toavoidthebadfeelingbythinkingaboutwork.4.Heplanstoputhisflatonthemarketandbuyaboat;speakwithmymanageraboutmovingtothetopfloor;learntoswimandjoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.5.Hefeelsnervous.重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式1.pick
up
拿起;卷起;掀起【課文原句】Picking
upafreenewspaperattheTubestation,Iseethetitle“Hot!Hot!Hot”.在地鐵站撿到一份免費(fèi)報(bào)紙,我看到標(biāo)題是“熱!熱!很熱”?!驹~匯精講】pickup在該句子中表示“拿起”,同時(shí),它還有“拾起;接收(信號(hào));(偶然)學(xué)會(huì);整理;接載;情況好轉(zhuǎn)”等含義。Hepicked
upsomeFrenchwordswhilelivingwithaFrenchman.他和一個(gè)法國人住在一起時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)了一些法語單詞。Theschoolbuspicks
upthechildrenthreetimeseveryday.校車每天接送孩子們?nèi)?。Theequipmentpicked
upthesignalfromthesatellite.設(shè)備接收到衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號(hào)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【巧學(xué)助記】
重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】pickoneselfup跌倒后站起來pickupspeed加速pickon挑剔;捉弄;選中pickoff摘下pickout挑選;辨認(rèn)出重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式2.average
adj.平均的;普通的;正(平)常的【課文原句】TheaveragehightemperatureinJulyisonly22degrees,soover30isnotusualforLondon.7月份的平均高溫只有22度,因此倫敦的氣溫通常不會(huì)超過30度?!驹~匯精講】average在該句子中為形容詞,表示“平均的”。它還有名詞的詞性,表示“平均數(shù);平均水平;一般水準(zhǔn)”;還可以作動(dòng)詞,表示“平均為;計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù)”。Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.去年是有記錄以來最熱的一年,比全球平均氣溫高了0.68度。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】anaverageof平均有on(the)average平均起來aboveaverage在平均水平以上belowaverage在平均水平以下uptoaverage達(dá)到平均水平averageout算出平均數(shù)Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,an
average
of40,000peryear.去年畢業(yè)時(shí)就有駕照的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到二十萬,平均每年四萬。On
average,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries.美國平均每年有800場(chǎng)龍卷風(fēng),導(dǎo)致約80人死亡,1500人受傷。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式3
pare
v.
比較;匹敵;比喻;相比n.比較【課文原句】This,however,isnothingcomparedtothetrain.然而,這與火車比起來不算什么?!驹~匯精講】compare為動(dòng)詞,在該句子中表示“比較,相比”。Don’tcompareyourstrengthwithothers’weakness,whichismeaningless.不要拿自己的長(zhǎng)處和別人的短處做比較,這是沒有意義的。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】compare...with...把……和……相比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作狀語)beyond/withoutcompare無與倫比,舉世無雙comparisonn.比較;對(duì)照;比喻incomparisonwith與……相比Ateacherisoftencompared
toacandle.That’sbecausetheirdevotiontoworkisbeyond/without
compare.老師常被比作蠟燭。那是因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)工作的投入是無與倫比的。Compared
toyourcontributionsourscountforlittle.與你們的貢獻(xiàn)比較起來,我們的算不了什么。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式4.immediately
adv.即刻,馬上【課文原句】I’lljoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.我馬上就要參加一個(gè)游泳初學(xué)者班。【詞匯精講】在該句子中immediately為副詞,修飾動(dòng)詞join,表示“立即,馬上”。
同時(shí)immediately還可以用作連詞,意為“一……就”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Thetelephonerang,andheanswereditimmediately.電話鈴響了,他馬上去接?!驹~匯拓展】immediateadj.立即的;直接的AsfarasIcansee,immediateactionshouldbetaken.依我看,必須立即采取措施。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【名師點(diǎn)津】immediately表示“一……就”,相當(dāng)于directly,instantly和assoonas,在它們所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。Immediatelyyoubegintospeak,hegivesyouhisfullattention.你只要一開始說話,他就會(huì)全神貫注地聽。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式5.cause
n.原因,起因;理由,緣故v.導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生【課文原句】What’smore,heavyraininEasternEuropehascausedlandslidesandtheheatacrossSouthernEuropehascausedforestfires.此外,東歐的大雨導(dǎo)致了山體滑坡,整個(gè)南歐的高溫導(dǎo)致了森林火災(zāi)。【詞匯精講】cause在該句子中為動(dòng)詞,表示“導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生”,相當(dāng)于leadto。同時(shí),cause還可用作名詞,表示“……的原因”。Joe’sabsencefromschoolwascausedbyillness.因?yàn)樯?喬沒有上學(xué)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】causesbsth給某人造成某種結(jié)果causesb/sthtodosth導(dǎo)致某人做某事;引起某物……causedamage/lossto對(duì)……造成損失、損壞thecauseof...……的原因causeandeffect因果Thepoorharvestcaused
prices
to
risesharply.收成不好導(dǎo)致價(jià)格急劇上漲。Drunkdrivingisoneofthemostcommoncauses
oftrafficaccidents.酒后駕駛是交通事故最普遍的原因之一。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式6.occur
v.
發(fā)生【課文原句】Expertssaythisbadweatherhasoccurredduetoclimatechange.專家說由于氣候變化,這種糟糕的天氣已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。【詞匯精講】occur為不及物動(dòng)詞,表示“發(fā)生”。occur的過去式和過去分詞形式要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母,即occurred。Agoodideaoccurred
tomewhenIwokeupthismorning.今天早上醒來我突然想到一個(gè)好主意。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【詞匯拓展】sthoccurstosb某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosbtodosth某人突然想起做某事Itsuddenlyoccurred
tomethatwhilewetriedtoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,theyactuallytaughtuswhatlifewasallabout.我突然想起,當(dāng)我們?cè)噲D教我們的孩子們關(guān)于生活的一切時(shí),他們實(shí)際上卻教會(huì)了我們什么是生活的全部。Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongneverevenoccurred
toher.她根本沒有想到她可能會(huì)錯(cuò)?!久麕燑c(diǎn)津】表達(dá)“發(fā)生”時(shí),occur與happen可以互換;另外occur,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout等表示“發(fā)生”的短語都不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)以及進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式Looking
through
my
newspaper,I’m
shocked
by
photos
showing
that
a
hurricane
in
Asia
has
destroyed
a
town.瀏覽報(bào)紙時(shí)我被一些照片所震驚,照片上顯示亞洲的一場(chǎng)颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)毀壞了一座城鎮(zhèn)。【句式剖析】lookingthroughmynewspaper為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語,showing為動(dòng)詞-ing形式作photos的后置定語。ThefilmwillbeshownthisSundayafternoon,lasting2hours,from4:00to6:00.這部影片將在本周日下午放映,持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí),從4:00到6:00。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.近期這個(gè)醫(yī)院得到了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,使得更多的病人得到治療。重點(diǎn)詞匯重點(diǎn)句式【句式拓展】(1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)作狀語可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況等,可相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。Findingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.=As/Becauseshefoundthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.發(fā)現(xiàn)這門課
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