高中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法（30張PPT）

Grammar---情態(tài)動(dòng)詞概念：表說話的語氣，態(tài)度和看法，意愿等的詞。特點(diǎn)：1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化2.不能獨(dú)立使用，它和后面的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成謂語，接動(dòng)詞原形3.變疑問句和否定句時(shí)，不需助動(dòng)詞，將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接移動(dòng)至主語前變?yōu)橐蓡柧?，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not變否定

只作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的can/could,may/might,oughtto,must可情態(tài)可實(shí)義的need,dare/dared可情態(tài)可助動(dòng)詞的shall/should,will/would·情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法(一)1.can/could(1)表能力；could為過去Icaneasilytellmyfather'sstep.Mozartcouldplaythepianoattheageof3.(2)表許可，不拘禮節(jié)時(shí)用can,委婉時(shí)用could.---Can/CouldIuseyourphone?（請(qǐng)求許可）---Yes,ofcourseyoucan.Youcanhaveashortholidayafterthisitemofwork.(給予許可）Thesedayschildrencandowhatevertheywant.（陳述許可）（3）can與could表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”ItcangetquitecoldhereatnightJamescouldbeveryannoyingsometimes(3)can的習(xí)慣用法canbut/only只好，最多不過Wecanbutdoourbest.cannothelpbut+do原cannothelpdoing不得不，不禁Icannothelpbutoftenthinkofmyparents.Icouldn'thelplaughingatthis.cannot....too無論....都不過分；越....越好not可換成neverWecannotthankyoutoomuchforwhatyouhavedoneforus.Youcanneverdotheworktoowell.2.may/might(1)表許可，might更委婉May/MightIcometoseeyou?(請(qǐng)求許可）Youmayphonemetomorrow(一般不用might)Anybookmaynotbetakenoutofthelibrary.(表“不得，禁止”，在文書公告里，也可用mustn't)(2)習(xí)慣用法May+主語+do.原表祝愿Mayyouhaveahappylife.may/mightaswell還是....的好Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.3.must/haveto（1）必須，must側(cè)重主觀，haveto側(cè)重客觀Wemustrelyonourselves.Ican'tseethingsclearly,soIhavetowearglasses.(2)must的否定為mustnot/mustn't,意為禁止，不許haveto的否定為don'thaveto,意為不必Youmustn'ttakethebooksoutofthereadingroom.Youdon'thavetogonow.回答含有must的問句時(shí)，肯定用must,否定用needn't/don'thavetoMustIfinishmyworktoday?Yes,youmustNo,youneedn't/don'thaveto4.shall(1)一，三人稱做主語的疑問句中，表征求意見或請(qǐng)求ShallIchangeintotheeveningdressforyourparty?ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?(2)二，三人稱稱述句中，表許諾，命令，警告，威脅等Youshallgetananswerfrommetomorrow.Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.7.will和would：

Iwilltellyousomethingimportant.

我將要告訴你一些重要的事WillyoutellherthatI'mhere?

請(qǐng)您告訴她說我在這兒，好嗎?

Itoldhimnottodoit,buthewould.

（助動(dòng)詞）

（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）will是助動(dòng)詞或是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于構(gòu)成將來時(shí)是助動(dòng)詞。用于表“意志/決心/請(qǐng)求”是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。would亦同理，只是表過去。Dare情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Idaren'tgooutaloneatnight.Howdareyouspeaktoyourfatherelikethat?Needneedtobedone/doing需要....情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（二）---情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)對(duì)現(xiàn)在肯定推測(cè)may/mightbe+表語may/mightbedoingmustdomustbedoingJohnisabsent.Hemay/mightbeill..Let'sspeedup.Theymay/mightbewaitingforusnow.Youmustbeill.Icanseeitfromyourface.Georgemustbesleepingnow.對(duì)現(xiàn)在的否定推測(cè)can'tbedoingcan'tbe+表語Youcan'tbehungryalready---youhadlunchonly2hoursago.Itcan'tbemyfather.Heisnowabroad.對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)may/mighthavedonemusthavedoneIcan'tfindmysunglasses.Imay/mighthavelefttheminyouroffice.Youmusthavegonetobedlatelastnight.Youreyesarered.對(duì)過去的否定推測(cè)can'thavedone(或者用于疑問句)---WherecanMaryhavegone?

---Shecan'thavegonetoschool.It'ssunday情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（三）---Modalverbs+havedonecouldhavedone本來有可能發(fā)生，但事實(shí)上未發(fā)生Hecouldhavesentamessage.shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該做而未做Youshouldhaveinvitedmetothepartyyesterday.Youarelate.Yououghttohavearrived5minutesearlier.needn'thavedone本沒有必要做而做了Iactuallyneedn'thaveboughtsomuchwine.Practice一、用恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞完成下列句子:1.Thetrafficisheavythesedays.I_____________(有可能要遲到)abitlate,socouldyousaveaplace?(arrive)2.—Hi,Tom.AnyideawhereJaneis?—She__________(一定在)intheclassroom.Isawhertherejustnow.might/mayarrivemustbe3.Whatdoyoumean.Thereareonlytentickets._______________(應(yīng)該有)12tickets.(there)4.Somepeoplewhodon'tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;they______________(可能只是)quietpeople.5.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.________________(怎么會(huì))thathewaslatefortheopeningceremony.6.Helen______________(可能會(huì)去)onthetripwithus,butsheisn'tquitesureyet.Thereshouldbemight/mayjustbeHowcanitbemight/maygo7.____________________(不應(yīng)該有什么)difficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyoupracticedalotinthedrivingschool.8.—DoyouknowwhereDavidis?Icouldnotfindhimanywhere.—Well,He_______________________(不可能走遠(yuǎn)),hiscoatisstillhere.(go)9.Iamnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I______________________(不該吃)somuchfriedchickenjustnow.(eat)Thereshouldn’tbeanycan’thavegonefarshouldn’thaveeaten10.Thedoctoradvisedthatyou__________(不可游泳)swimaftereatingalargemeal.11.—It'stheoffice.Soyou__________(一定知道)eatingisnotallowedhere.—oh.Sorry.12.—Ididn'tcareaboutwhatotherpeoplethought.—Well.You________（本應(yīng)該的(should)notmustknowshouldhavemustn’t/can’ttouchneedn’tmusthaverainedmight/maygo17.You__________________(一定沒有累),you’veonlybeenworkingforanhour.(tired)18.—Someisknockingatthedoor.—______________(會(huì)是誰)atthishourofday？19.Johnson________________(一定不是)apoliceman.Heistooshort.20.Ididn'thearthetelephone.I______________________(一定是睡著了)(asleep).can’tbetiredWhocanitbecan’tbemusthavebeenasleep二、用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子：1.你無論怎樣表?yè)P(yáng)他也不為過。(can't...toomuch)____________________________________.2.有時(shí)他常坐在那幾個(gè)小時(shí)，啥也不做。(would)_____________________________________________________.3.如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，考試就不會(huì)及格。(should)Youcan'tpraisehimtoomuch.

hewouldsitthereforhourssomething,doingnothing.

Ifyoudon’tworkhard,youshouldfailtheexam.4.我一定要盡全力幫你。(will)____________________________________.5.就這兒過去有座古廟。(usedtobe)____________________________________.