質(zhì)檢專業(yè)術(shù)語1

質(zhì)檢專業(yè)術(shù)語質(zhì)檢專業(yè)術(shù)語認可的實驗室accreditedlaboratory提前裝運通知advancedshipmentnotification(ASN)基準確定benchmarking經(jīng)營計劃businessplan計算機輔助設(shè)計computeraideddesign(CAD)計算機輔助工程computeraidedengineering(CAE)校準calibration應(yīng)急計劃contingencyplan持續(xù)改進計劃/方案continuousimprovementplan/program合同contract控制計劃controlplan糾正措施計劃correctiveactionplan不良質(zhì)量成本costofpoorquality橫向職能方法cross-functionalapproach裝配性設(shè)計designforassembly(DFA)實驗設(shè)計designofexperiment(DOE)設(shè)計紀錄designrecord設(shè)計責任供方design-responsiblesuppliers文件documentation安全關(guān)注duecare設(shè)備equipment工程批準的授權(quán)engineeringapprovedauthorization執(zhí)行職責executiveresponsibility有限元分析finiteelementanalysis(FEA)可行性feasibility先進先出firstinfirstout(FIFO)失效模式及后果分析failuremodeandeffectsanalysis(FMEA)功能驗證functionalverification幾何尺寸與公差geometricdimensioning&tolerancing(GD&T)作業(yè)指導書jobinstruction實驗室laboratory實驗室范圍laboratoryscope末件比較lastoffpartcomparison全尺寸檢驗layoutinspection防錯mistakeproofing多方論證方法multi-disciplinaryapproach運行業(yè)績operationalperformance預(yù)見性維護predictivemaintenance超額運費premiumfreight預(yù)防性維護preventivemaintenance解決問題problemsolving程序procedures過程審核processaudit過程流程圖processflowdiagramflowchart產(chǎn)品product產(chǎn)品實現(xiàn)productrealization產(chǎn)品審核productaudit項目管理projectmanagement質(zhì)量功能展開qualityfunctiondeployment(QFD)質(zhì)量手冊qualitymanual反應(yīng)計劃reactionplan外部場所remotelocation重復(fù)性和再現(xiàn)性研究repeatabilityandreproducibilitystudies現(xiàn)場site特殊特性specialcharacteristics分承包方subcontractor分承包方的開發(fā)subcontractordevelopment供方supplier投標tender工具/工裝tool/tooling分析術(shù)語英語翻譯$玻璃漏斗Glassfunnellongstem試管testtubetesttubebrushtesttubeholdertesttuberack蒸發(fā)皿evaporatingdishsmall燒杯beaker錐形瓶Erlenmeyer量筒gradcylinder洗瓶plasticwashbottle勺皿casserole,smallstopperedflask分液漏斗separaloryfunnelwaterbath/oilbathstrringbarmagneticstirrer冷凝器condenserBallastbottle圓頸燒瓶Round-buttomflask試劑瓶reagentbottles托盤天平platformbalance臺秤0.1g托盤pan指針刻度表pointerandscalecrossbeamsandslidingweights游碼分析天平two-pan/single-pananalyticalbalance滴定管buretteglassbead(basic)nozzle移液管pipette胖肚elongatedglassbulb洗耳球rubbersuctionbulb玻棒glassrod玻璃活塞stopcock容量瓶pyknowmeterflasks比重瓶(one-mark)volumetricflasks胖肚吸管one-markpipette刻度吸管graduatedpipettes實驗儀器清單1、柜子中四、抽屜中：錐形瓶(conicalflask)250mlx4藥匙(medicinespoon)xl(Erlenmeyerflask)100mlx3滴管(driptube;dropper)x2燒杯(beaker)500mlxl玻棒(Glassstic)x2250mlx3木試管夾(testtubeclamp;testtubeholder)x1100mlx3胖肚吸管(straws)25mlx150mlx210mlx1容量瓶(volumetricflask)100mlx2乳缽(morta)x150mlx4洗耳球(earwadhingbulb)碘量瓶(iodinnumoeflask;iodineflask)500mlx3試劑瓶(reagentbottle)(無色)x2(棕色)x2配洗液：量筒(cylinder)100mlx1K2Cr2O72g+5ml水一65mlH2S04(graduatedcylinder)10mlx1邊加邊攪拌(stir)。二、 臺面上儀器：一般儀器的洗滌(wash)鐵支架(siderocradle)+蝴蝶架白瓷板(WhitePorcelainBoard)(一)清點儀器(tocount;tomakeaninventory)酸式滴定管(Acidburette)25mlx1配洗液(Lotion)堿式滴定管(Alkaliburette)25mlx1一般儀器的洗滌三、公用柜中：(二)滴定管(buret;burette)直型冷凝器(rectocondensor)x1容量瓶(volumetricflask)漏斗架(funnelstand)x2移液管(pipe)水浴鍋(waterbathkettle)x1溫度計(Thermometer;hygrometer;hydroscope)x1電爐(electricfurnace;electrichotplate;electricstove)四人一個《分析化學》上冊第一章緒論分析化學：analyticalchemistry定性分析：qualitativeanalysis定量分析：quantitativeanalysis物理分析：physicalanalysis物理化學分析：physico-chemicalanalysis儀器分析法：instrumentalanalysis流動注射分析法：flowinjectionanalysis；FIA順序注射分析法：sequenticalinjectionanalysis;SIA化學計量學：chemometrics第二章誤差的分析數(shù)據(jù)處理絕對誤差：absoluteerror相對誤差：relativeerror系統(tǒng)誤差：systematicerror可定誤差：determinateerror隨機誤差：accidentalerror不可定誤差：indeterminateerror準確度：accuracy精確度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：averagedebiation相對平均偏差：relativeaveragedebiation標準偏差（標準差）：standerddeviation;S相對平均偏差：relatibestandarddeviation;RSD變異系數(shù)：coefficientofvariation誤差傳遞：propagationoferror有效數(shù)字：significantfigure置信水平：confidencelevel顯著性水平：levelofsignificance合并標準偏差（組合標準差）：pooledstandarddebiation舍棄商：rejectionquotient;Q化學定量分析第三章滴定分析概論滴定分析法：titrametricanalysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetricanalysis化學計量點：stoichiometricpoint等當點：equivalentpoint電荷平衡：chargebalance電荷平衡式：chargebalanceequation質(zhì)量平衡：massbalance物料平衡：materialbalance質(zhì)量平衡式：massbalanceequation第四章酸堿滴定法酸堿滴定法：acid-basetitrations質(zhì)子自遞反應(yīng)：autoprotolysisreaction質(zhì)子自遞常數(shù)：autoprotolysisconstant質(zhì)子條件式:protonbalanceequation酸堿指示劑：acid-baseindicator指示劑常數(shù)：indicatorconstant變色范圍：colourchangeinterval混合指示劑：mixedindicator雙指示劑滴定法：doubleindicatortitration第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法：nonaqueoustitrations質(zhì)子溶劑：protonicsolvent酸性溶劑：acidsolvent堿性溶劑：basicsolvent兩性溶劑:amphototericsolvent無質(zhì)子溶劑：aproticsolvent均化效應(yīng)：differentiatingeffect區(qū)分性溶劑：differentiatingsolvent離子化：ionization離解：dissociation結(jié)晶紫：crystalviolet萘酚苯甲醇：a-naphthalphenolbenzylalcohol奎哪啶紅：quinadinered百里酚藍：thymolblue偶氮紫：azoviolet溴酚藍：bromophenolblue第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid,EDTA螯合物：chelatecompound金屬指示劑：metallochromeindcator第七章氧化還原滴定法氧化還原滴定法：oxidation-reductiontitration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry]溴量法：brominemethod鈰量法：cerimetry高錳酸鉀法：potassiumpermanganatemethod條件電位：conditionalpotential溴酸鉀法：potassiumbromatemethod硫酸鈰法：ceriumsulphatemethod偏高碘酸：metaperiodicacid高碘酸鹽：periodate亞硝酸鈉法：sodiumnitritemethod重氮化反應(yīng)：diazotizationreaction重氮化滴定法：diazotizationtitration亞硝基化反應(yīng)：nitrozationreaction亞硝基化滴定法：nitrozationtitration外指示劑：externalindicator外指示劑：outsideindicator重鉻酸鉀法：potassiumdichromatemethod第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法：precipitationtitration容量滴定法：volumetricprecipitationmethod銀量法：argentometricmethod第九章重量分析法重量分析法：gravimetricanalysis揮發(fā)法：volatilizationmethod引濕水（濕存水）：waterofhydroscopicity包埋（藏）水：occludedwater吸入水：waterofimbibition結(jié)晶水：waterofcrystallization組成水：waterofcomposition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquidextration溶劑萃取法：solventextration反萃?。篶ounterextraction分配系數(shù)：partitioncoefficient分配比：distributionratio離子對（離子締合物）：ionpair沉淀形式：precipitationforms稱量形式：weighingforms《分析化學》下冊儀器分析概述物理分析：physicalanalysis物理化學分析：physicochemicalanalysis儀器分析：instrumentalanalysis第十章電位法及永停滴定法電化學分析：electrochemicalanalysis電解法：electrolyticanalysismethod電重量法：electtogravimetry庫侖法：coulometry庫侖滴定法：coulometrictitration電導法：conductometry電導分析法：conductometricanalysis電導滴定法：conductometrictitration電位法：potentiometry直接電位法：dirextpotentiometry電位滴定法：potentiometrictitration伏安法：voltammetry極譜法：polarography溶出法：strippingmethod電流滴定法：amperometrictitration化學雙電層：chemicaldoublelayer相界電位：phaseboundarypotential金屬電極電位：electrodepotential化學電池：chemicalcell液接界面：liquidjunctionboundary原電池：galvaniccell電解池：electrolyticcell負極：cathrode正極：anode電池電動勢：eletromotiveforce指示電極：indicatorelectrode參比電極：referenceelectroade標準氫電極：standardhydrogenelectrode一級參比電極：primaryreferenceelectrode飽和甘汞電極：standardcalomelelectrode銀－氯化銀電極：silversilver-chlorideelectrode液接界面：liquidjunctionboundary不對稱電位：asymmetrypotential表觀PH值：apparentPH復(fù)合PH電極：combinationPHelectrode離子選擇電極：ionselectiveelectrode敏感器：sensor晶體電極:crystallineelectrodes均相膜電極：homogeneousmembranceelectrodes非均相膜電極：heterogeneousmembranceelectrodes非晶體電極：non-crystallineelectrodes剛性基質(zhì)電極：rigidmatrixelectrode流流體載動電極：electrodewithamobilecarrier氣敏電極：gassensingelectrodes酶電極：enzymeelectrodes金屬氧化物半導體場效應(yīng)晶體管：MOSFET離子選擇場效應(yīng)管：ISFET總離子強度調(diào)節(jié)緩沖劑：totalionstrengthadjustmentbuffer,TISAB永停滴定法：dead-stoptitration雙電流滴定法（雙安培滴定法）：doubleamperometrictitration第十一章光譜分析法概論普朗克常數(shù)：Plankconstant電磁波譜：electromagneticspectrum光譜：spectrum光譜分析法：spectroscopicanalysis原子發(fā)射光譜法：atomicemissionspectroscopy質(zhì)量譜：massspectrum質(zhì)譜法：massspectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外－可見分光光度法紫外－可見分光光度法：ultravioletandvisiblespectrophotometry;UV-vis肩峰：shoulderpeak末端吸收：endabsorbtion生色團：chromophore助色團：auxochrome紅移：redshift長移：bathochromicshift短移：hypsochromicshift藍（紫）移：blueshift增色效應(yīng)（濃色效應(yīng)）：hyperchromiceffect減色效應(yīng)（淡色效應(yīng)）：hypochromiceffect強帶：strongband弱帶：weakband吸收帶：absorptionband透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance譜帶寬度：bandwidth雜散光：straylight噪聲：noise暗噪聲：darknoise散粒噪聲：signalshotnoise閃耀光柵：blazedgrating全息光柵：holographicgraaing光二極管陣列檢測器：photodiodearraydetector偏最小二乘法：partialleastsquaresmethod,PLS褶合光譜法：convolutionspectrometry褶合變換：convolutiontransform,CT離散小波變換：wavelettransform,WT多尺度細化分析：multiscaleanalysis供電子取代基：electrondonatinggroup吸電子取代基：electronwith-drawinggroup第十三章熒光分析法熒光：fluorescence熒光分析法：fluorometryX-射線熒光分析法：X-rayfulorometry原子熒光分析法：atomicfluorometry分子熒光分析法：molecularfluorometry振動弛豫：vibrationalrelexation內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)換：internalconversion外轉(zhuǎn)換：externalconversion體系間跨越：intersystemcrossing激發(fā)光譜：excitationspectrum熒光光譜：fluorescencespectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokesshift熒光壽命：fluorescencelifetime熒光效率：fluorescenceefficiency熒光量子產(chǎn)率：fluorescencequantumyield熒光熄滅法：fluorescencequemchingmethod散射光：scatteringlight瑞利光：Reyleithscantteringlight拉曼光：Ramanscatteringlight第十四章紅外分光光度法紅外線：infraredray,IR中紅外吸收光譜：mid-infraredabsorptionspectrum,Mid-IR遠紅外光譜：Far-IR微波譜：microwavespectrum,MV紅外吸收光譜法：infraredspectroscopy紅外分光光度法：infraredspectrophotometry振動形式：modeofvibration伸縮振動：stretchingvibration對稱伸縮振動：symmetricalstretchingvibration不對稱伸縮振動：asymmetricalstretchingvibration彎曲振動：bendingvibration變形振動：formationvibration面內(nèi)彎曲振動:in-planebendingvibration，卩剪式振動：scissoringvibration?面內(nèi)搖擺振動：rockingvibration,p面外彎曲振動：out-of-planebendingvibration^面外搖擺振動：waggingvibration,?蜷曲振動：twistingvibration,t對稱變形振動：symmetricaldeformationvibration,5s不對稱變形振動：asymmetricaldeformationvibration,5as特征吸收峰:charateristicavsorptionband特征頻率：characteristicfrequency相關(guān)吸收峰：correlationabsorptionband雜化影響：hybridizationaffect環(huán)大小效應(yīng)：ringsizeeffect吸收峰的強度：intensityofabsorptionband環(huán)折疊振動：ringprckeringvibration第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光譜法：atomicspectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法：atomicabsorptionspectrophotometry,AAS原子發(fā)射分光光度法：atomicemmsionspectrophotometry,AES原子熒光分光光度法：atomicfluorescencespectrophotometry,AFS第十六章核磁共振波譜法核磁共振：nuclearmagneticresonance,NMR核磁共振波譜：NMRspectrum核磁共振波譜法：NMRspectroscopy掃場：sweptfield掃頻：seeptfrequency連續(xù)波核磁共振：continuouswaveNMR,CWNMRFourier變換NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二維核磁共振譜：2D-NMR質(zhì)子核磁共振譜：protonmagneticresonancespectrum,PMR氫譜：1H-NMR碳－13核磁共振譜：13C-NMRspectrum,13CNMR自旋角動量：spinangularmomentum磁旋比：magnetogyricratio磁量子數(shù)：magneticquantumnumber,m進動：precession弛豫歷程：relaxationmechanism局部抗磁屏蔽：localdiamagneticshielding屏蔽常數(shù)：shieldingconstant化學位移：chemicalshift國際純粹與應(yīng)用化學協(xié)會：IUPAC磁各向異性：magneticanisotropy遠程屏蔽效應(yīng)：longrangeshieldingeffect結(jié)面：nodalplane自旋－自旋偶合：spin-spincoupling自旋－自旋分裂：spin=spinsplitting單峰：singlet,s雙峰：doublet,d三重峰：triplet,t四重峰：quartet五重峰：quintet六重峰：sextet偕偶：geminalcoupling鄰偶：vicinalcoupling遠程偶合：longrangecoupling磁等價：magneticeqivalence自旋系統(tǒng)：spinsystem一級光譜：firstorderspectrum二級光譜（二級圖譜）：secondorderspectrumC-H光譜：C-Hcorrelatedspectroscopy,C-HCOSY第十七章質(zhì)譜法質(zhì)譜分析法：massspectrometry質(zhì)譜：massspectrum,MS棒圖：bargraph選擇離子檢測：selectedionmonitoring,SIM直接進樣：directprobeinlet,DPI接口：interface氣相色譜－質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用：gaschromatography-massspectrometry,GC-MS高效液相色譜－質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用：highperformanceliquidchromatography-massspectrometry,HPLC-MS電子轟擊離子源：electronimpactsource,EI離子峰：quasi-molecularions化學離子源：chemicalionizationsource,CI場電離：fieldionization,FI場解析：fielddesorptiion,FD快速原子轟擊離子源：faststombombardment,FAB質(zhì)量分析器：massanalyzer磁質(zhì)譜儀：magnetic-sectormassspectrometer四極桿質(zhì)譜儀（四極質(zhì)譜儀）：quadrupolemassspectrometer原子質(zhì)量單位:amu離子豐度：ionabundance相對豐度（相對強度）：relativeavundance基峰：basepeak質(zhì)量范圍：massrange分辨率：resolution靈敏度：sensitivity信噪比：S/N分子離子：molecularion碎片離子：fragmention同位素離子：isotopicion亞穩(wěn)離子：metastableion亞穩(wěn)峰：metastablepeak母離子：parenion子離子：daughter含奇數(shù)個電子的離子：oddelectron含偶數(shù)個電子的離子：eveneletron,EE均裂：homolyticcleavage異裂（非均裂）：heterolyticcleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysiscleavage重排：rearragement分子量：MWa-裂解：a-cleavage第十八章色譜分析法概論色譜法（層析法）：chromatography固定相：stationaryphase流動相：mobilephase超臨界流體色譜法：SFC高效毛細管電泳法：highperformancecapillaryelectroporesis,HPEC氣相色譜法：gaschromatography,GC液相色譜法：liquidcromatography,LC超臨界流體色譜法：supercriticalfluidchromatography,SFC氣-固色譜法：GSC氣-液色譜法：GLC液-固色譜法：LSC液-液色譜法：LLC柱色譜法：columnchromatography填充柱：packedcolumn毛細管柱：capillarycolumn微填充柱：icroborepackedcolumn高效液相色譜法：highperformanceliquidchromatography,HPLC平板色譜法：planar平板色譜法：planechromatography紙色譜法：paperchromatography薄層色譜法：thinlayerchromatography,TLC薄膜色譜法;thiinfilmchomatography毛細管電泳法：capillaryelectrophoresis,CE分配色譜法：partitionchromatography吸附色譜法：adsorpionchromaography離子交換色譜法：ionexchangechromatography,IEC空間排阻色譜法：stericexclusionchromatography,SEC親和色譜法：affinitychromatography分配系數(shù)：distributioncofficient狹義分配系數(shù)：partitioncoefficient凝膠色譜法：gelchromatography凝膠滲透色譜法：gelpermeationchromatography,GPC凝膠過濾色譜法：gelfiltrationchromatography,GFC滲透系數(shù)：permeationcoefficien;Kp化學鍵合相色譜法：chemicallybonded-phasechromatography分配系數(shù)：distributioncoefficient靛菁綠：indocyanine氣相色譜-傅立葉變換紅外光譜：GC-FTIR第十九章經(jīng)典液相色譜法薄層色譜法：TLC吸附：adsorption活化：activation脫活性：deactivation交聯(lián)度：degreeofcrosslinking交換容量：exchangecapacity薄層板：thinlayerplate展開劑：developingsolvent,developer臨界膠束濃度：criticakmicolleconcentration,CMC相對比移值：relativeRf,Rr分離度：resolution,R分離數(shù)：separationnumber,SN煅石膏：Gypsum羧甲基纖維素鈉：CMC-Na吸收光譜聯(lián)用：TLC-UV薄層色譜-熒光聯(lián)用：TLC-F薄層色譜-紅外吸收光譜聯(lián)用：TLC-IR薄層色譜法：TLC-MS紙色譜法：paperchromatography上行展開：ascendingdevelopment下行法展開：descendingdevelopment雙向展開：twodimensionaldeveloooment第二十章氣相色譜法氣相色譜法：gaschromatography前延峰：leadingpeak拖尾峰：tailingpeak對稱因子：symmetryfactor,fs保留時間：retentiontime保留體積：retentionvolume死時間：deadtime調(diào)整保留時間：asjustedretentiontime半峰寬：peakwidthathalfheight,W1/2orY1/2峰寬：peakwidth,W等溫線：isotherm理論塔板高度：heightequivalenttoatheoreticalplate化學鍵合相：chemicallybondedphase丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯：polydiethyleneglycolsuccinate,PDEGS,DEGS高分子多孔微球：GDX苯乙烯：STY乙基乙烯苯：EST二乙烯苯：DVB涂壁毛細管柱：wallcoatedopentubularcolumn,WCOT載體涂層毛細管柱：supprotcoatedopentubularcolumn,SCOT熱導檢測器：thermalconductivitydetector,TCD氫焰離子化檢測器：hydrogenflameionizationdetector,FID電子捕獲檢測器：electroncapturedetector,ECD噪聲：noise,N漂移:drift’d靈敏度：sensitivity檢測限(敏感度)：detectability,D,M分離度：resolution歸一化法：normalizationmethod外標法：externalstandardization第二十一章高效液相色譜法高效液相色譜法：highperformanceliquidchromatography,HPLC高速液相色譜法：highspeedLC,HSLC高壓液相色譜法：highpressureLC,HPLC高分辨液相色譜法：highresolutionLC,HRLC液固吸附色譜法(液固色譜法)：liquid-solidadsorptionchromatography,LSC液液色譜法：liquid-liquidchromatography,LLC正相：normalphase,NP反相：reversedphase,RP化學鍵合相色譜法：bondedphasechromatography,BPC十八烷基：octadecylselyl,ODS離子對色譜法：pairedionchromatography,PIC反相離子對色譜法：RPIC離子抑制色譜法：ionsuppressionchromatography,ISC離子色譜法：ionchromatography,IC手性色譜法：chiralchromatography,CC環(huán)糊精色譜法：cyclodextrinchromatography,CDC膠束色譜法：micellarchromatography,MC親和色譜法：affinitychromatography,AC固定相：stationaryphase化學鍵合相：chemicallybondephase封尾、封頂、遮蓋：endcapping手性固定相：chiralstationaryphase,CSP恒組成溶劑洗脫：isocraicelution梯度洗脫：gradientelution紫外檢測器：ultravioletdetector,UVD熒光檢測器：fluorophotomericdetector,FD電化學檢測器：ECD示差折光檢測器：RID光電二極管檢測器：photodiodearraydetector,DAD三維光譜－波譜圖：3D-spectrochromatogram蒸發(fā)光散射檢測器：evaporativelightscatteringdetector,ELSD安培檢測器：amperedetector,AD高效毛細管電泳法：highperformancecapillaryelectrophoresis,HPCE淌度：mobility電泳：electrophoresis電滲：electroosmosis動力進樣：hydrodynamicinjection電動進樣：electrokineticinjection毛細管區(qū)帶電泳法：capillaryzoneelectrophoresis,CZE膠束電動毛細管色譜：micellarelectrokineticcapillarychromatography,MECC毛細管凝膠電泳：capillarygelelectrophoresis,CGE篩分：sieving緒論釋藥系統(tǒng)(drugdeliverysystem,DDS)中國藥典(ChinesePharmacopoeia,ChP)美國藥典(TheUnitedStatesPharmacopoeia,USP)美國國家處方集(TheNationalFormulary,NF)英國藥典(BritishPharmacopoeia,BP)歐洲藥典(EuropeanPharmacopoeia,Ph.Eup)國際藥典(TheInternationalPharmacopoeia,Ph.Int)良好藥品實驗研究規(guī)范(GoodLaboratoryPractice,GLP)良好藥品生產(chǎn)規(guī)范(GoodManufacturePractice,GMP)良好藥品供應(yīng)規(guī)范(GoodSupplyPractice,GSP)良好藥品臨床試驗規(guī)范(GoodClinicalPractice,GCP)分析質(zhì)量管理(AnalyticalQualityControl,AQC)第1章藥物的鑒別試驗藥物的鑒別試驗identificationtest一般鑒別試驗generalidentificationtest專屬鑒別試驗specificidentificationtest靈敏度sensitivity最低檢出量minimumdetectablequantity最低檢出濃度minimumdetectableconce