初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

初二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)MODULE11、如有always,often,usual1y,sometimes,seldom,never,oncea....,every...用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，第一、二人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞原形，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)后跟動(dòng)詞加‘s'/es'。2、如有now,look!,listen,atthemoment.???用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)是be(am,is,are)+v-ing3、如有tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,fromnowon,in+一段時(shí)間，someday,next....用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)：wi11 +V原\begoingto+v原(沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞用be)4、如有yesterday, ago,last....justnow 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞加edgivesb.Sth.=givesth.tosb.給某人某物 every4@丫每天，writedown寫(xiě)下,記下Writeit(them)down巳丫巳？丫4@丫每天的，日常的，howaboutdoingsth.=whataboutdoingsth.做....怎么樣 eachother互相.thanksalot=thankyouverymuch非常謝謝回答That'Sallright.=You'rewelcome.=That'OK.=It'smypleasure.=Notatall.Whydon'tyou+V原...=whynot+...V原為什么不helpsb.withsth.在某方面幫助別人 helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事withone'shelp=withthehelpofsb.在某人的幫助helponeselfto$弋卜.請(qǐng)自用食物watchsb.dosth.看到某人做了某事,(現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有做,做過(guò))watchsb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see,hear類(lèi)似remembertodosth.想起記得要做某事,未做事rememberdoingsth.相起記得做過(guò)某事forgettodosth.忘記要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事we1comeback歡迎回來(lái)newterm新學(xué)期thiS term這學(xué)期，nextterm下學(xué)學(xué)期,1astterm上學(xué)期，giveyousomeadviCe給你一些建議whynot為什么不,makeamistake=makemistakes才犯錯(cuò)誤correctspe1ling正確的拼寫(xiě),whatelse?=whatotherthings?還有什么apieceofadvice一條建議,follow/takeone'sadvice采用別人的建議,sendsthtosb.=sendsb.sth.寄給某人sendfor派人去請(qǐng)/取sendup發(fā)射.al1thetime一直enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=haveagreattime=havefun,玩得愉快lotsof=alotof=Μ@口丫(可數(shù))\much(不可數(shù))許多， ，spend:sb.spendsometimeOnsth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事sb.spendsometime(in)dOingsth.某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事Sb.spendsOmemOneyonsth.某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物Sb.spendsomemoney(in)bUyingsth.某人花費(fèi)錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物Cost: sth.costsb.somemoney某物花去某人錢(qián)pay: sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人支付錢(qián)Take:Ittakes(took)sb.sometimetodosth.做某事花去某人時(shí)間askfor請(qǐng)求,要求， asksb.forsth.向某人要某物asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事 apieceof一塊enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事.finish,practise,mind,miss,consider,keep,continue,這些詞語(yǔ)后跟動(dòng)名詞形式V—ingP1acesth.in=putsth.in把某物放在…里面else常修飾不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞或副詞，也可修飾all,much,Iittle等，巳k巳要位于其后。所有格為e1se's.takeadeepbreath深呼吸， catch?holdone'sbreath屏住呼吸，outofbreath上氣不接下氣，wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事，thenumberof…的數(shù)目，后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞用三單， anumberof=many,大量,許多后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。alargenumberof,asma11numberof,invitesb.todosth.邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 find+it+adj+todosth.發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣trytodosth.盡力做事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事trynottodosth.盡力不做某事 tryone'sbest盡某人最大的努力，agroupof一組，一群， borrowsthfromsb.從某人處借入某物,lendsth.tosb=1endsb.sth.借給某人某物 keep借一段時(shí)間practicedoingsth.,練習(xí)做做某事 comefrom=befrom來(lái)自，1ookfor尋找,lookafter=carefor=takecareof照顧lookup向上看,查閱,looklike看起來(lái)像,lookat看著,lookonsb.as把某人看作,lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望，期待做某事lookover檢查,翻閱，lookou1當(dāng)心，向外看，lookthroUgh仔細(xì)查看,bereadyfor=getreadyfor=preparefor為…,beready準(zhǔn)備好，be(get)readytodosth.準(zhǔn)備做某事，樂(lè)意做某事translate…into…將…譯成…,takeamessage捎個(gè)信,leaveameSSage留個(gè)信,begoodfor對(duì)…有好處，begoodat=dowellin擅長(zhǎng)于…bepoorat=bebadat=dobadlyin=beweaki口不擅長(zhǎng)… Thinkof想起，thinkabout想出,thinkover仔細(xì)考慮,else修飾不定代詞SOmething,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody和who,what,when,where時(shí)放后，四說(shuō)，1,speak說(shuō)語(yǔ)言,2.say說(shuō)內(nèi)容，3,talk與誰(shuí)說(shuō)，4,tell告訴，講述,四看，1,watch觀看電視，比賽和表演，2,see看人，電影，醫(yī)生,風(fēng)景，3,read看書(shū),報(bào),4,look就看。 看場(chǎng)電影要用see,讀書(shū)看報(bào)用read電視、戲劇、比賽，凡是表演用watch,ObSerVe細(xì)觀察，一時(shí)注意用notice.make+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(形容詞)使某人某物怎么樣。.make+賓語(yǔ)+do讓某人做某事make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞使某人被怎么樣；makefriendsWithsb.與某人交朋友,hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō),hearfrom收到某人的來(lái)信,bebadfor對(duì)…有害,itis+adj.+ofSb+todosth.寫(xiě)性格，品質(zhì)kind,goodIIiCe,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。Itis+adj+forsb+todosth.對(duì)物的評(píng)價(jià)difficult,easyhard,dangerous,important,等writeto…給…寫(xiě)信,nextto在…旁邊，dosomeconcerts辦音樂(lè)會(huì)，speaktosb.和某人講話(huà),sayhellotosb.給某人問(wèn)好,saybyeto$b向某人說(shuō)再見(jiàn)，showsb.aroundsomewhere帶某人參觀某地,learnsthfromsb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)ChoosethecorrectanswerS選擇正確答案,correctthemistakeS改錯(cuò),match…With…把…和…搭配起來(lái)建議：1.Whydon'tyoudoSth?=Whynotdosth?2.HowaboUtdoingsth?=Whataboutdoingsth？3.YouShould/candosth. 4.Remembertodosth.5.Don'tforgettodosth.6.Canyoudosth?7.Let'sdosth.8.It'sagoodideatodo9.WoUldyouliketodo?10.ShallWedo11.You'dbetter(not)dosth.回答:That'sagoodidea.ThankSalot.Great，OK.That'Sright.Allright.Goodidea.Sure.MODULE2現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1.表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或結(jié)果,常與recently,ever,never,already,yet,just,beforestill連用;2.表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去并且一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for+時(shí)間段或since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)連用。結(jié)構(gòu)：have(has)+過(guò)去分詞,getinto=enter進(jìn)入,what'sthepriceof…=howmuchis…問(wèn)價(jià)格dreamabout夢(mèng)到，dreamof夢(mèng)見(jiàn),aroundtheWorld=allovertheworld全世界,staywithSb.與某人呆一起stayathome呆在家里，stayinbed呆在床上，walkto=goto…onfoot步行去takeoff脫下，起飛，landon/in/at著路,alloverChina,全中國(guó),takeaseat=haveaseat請(qǐng)坐,cometure實(shí)現(xiàn),flyto=goto...byplane(byair),坐飛機(jī)driveto=goto…byCar開(kāi)車(chē)，attheendof在…盡頭/結(jié)尾Sellout賣(mài)光,attheend在結(jié)束時(shí),havebeen年去過(guò)（現(xiàn)在不在那兒），havegoneto去了（現(xiàn)在不在說(shuō)話(huà)地）everydayEnglish日常英語(yǔ)， firstPriCe一等獎(jiǎng)，ThemoStexcitingexperience最激動(dòng)人心的經(jīng)歷， beforelong不久，longbefore=soon=alittlelater很久以前，noProblem沒(méi)問(wèn)題，haveaProbIemindoingSth.做某事有困難， workoutaproblem解決一個(gè)問(wèn)題，invitesbtodosth,邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 inviteSbtosomePlaCe邀請(qǐng)某人去某地，oneday,某一天，(過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)) someday某一天(將來(lái))，連系動(dòng)詞，一是be(am,is,are,was,were,)—感覺(jué)feel，一保持keep,三變become,getturn,四起來(lái)taste,smell,look,soun丸后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。不定代詞:somebody, someone某人,anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no?？谒龋瑳](méi)人everyone,everybody每個(gè)人,something某物,anything任何物,nothing沒(méi)事,everything一切事物,修飾他們的形容詞放后。differentkindsof=allkindsof不同種類(lèi)的，各種各樣的，bytheendof到…末為止，不遲于giveaconCert=giveconCertS舉辦音樂(lè)會(huì)intheend=finally最后，終于，takeaphoto=takephotos照相，店 cooksthforsb.=cookSb.sth.為某人做飯buy,makesuch+a/an+adj+單數(shù)名詞=so+adj+a/an+單數(shù)名詞(名前such,形副so,多多少少也用so,little屬特殊，“小”用such,少用so.)交通工具的乘坐,take the(a)+交通工具to,=go.?.by+交通工具=go.?.on/in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽車(chē)只能用in,其余的可用in,on);walktosomewhere=goto.??onfoot;flytosomewhere.=go....byplaneridetosomewhere=go.?.bybike,drivetosomewhere=gotobycar,akindof一種，bekindtosb對(duì)某人友善 sincethen從那時(shí)起，takeoff脫下,起飛,請(qǐng)假， reckon=consider=regard=think考慮,認(rèn)為，bereckoned(tobe),被以為 reckon as...相當(dāng)于regard...as...把當(dāng)成 inthephoto，在照片里goabroad,出國(guó) beabroad，在國(guó)夕卜travelabroad,到國(guó)夕卜旅行sellout,賣(mài)光sellto,賣(mài)給某人sellwell賣(mài)得好，四個(gè)也：also,肯定，行前be后；too肯定,句末；either,否定，句末；aswell,肯定,句末。gotoSleep,去睡覺(jué)thepriceof,????的價(jià)格，形容價(jià)格用high,low。SellSthatahighPrice,以高價(jià)出售,SellSthatalowpriCe,以低價(jià)出售。yet,用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的否定句和疑問(wèn)句中；卜@丫巳awonderfultime玩得高興,wouldliketodoSth=WanttodoSth,想要做某事WoUldlikeSb.todosth=watsbtodoSth想要某人做某事MODULE3@江巳@4丫早已，用于完成時(shí)的肯定，；yet,用于完成時(shí)的否定和疑問(wèn)；juSt,用于完成時(shí)juStnow=amomentago用于過(guò)去時(shí)，arriveat（小地方）/in（大地方）=reach=getto,至U達(dá)bring,從外往里拿，take,從里往外拿， Carry無(wú)方向， fetch往返拿,morethan,二。丫巳？，多于leSsthan,少于alone,個(gè)體單獨(dú)，獨(dú)自;lonely,孤獨(dú),寂寞,也表示荒涼,mostof．．.．的大多數(shù),aviSitto對(duì)...的參觀,onaviSitto..．．,參觀．..foraviSit參觀,PayaviSitto,拜訪as..．a(chǎn)S和...．一樣notaS．..aS..=notSo..．a(chǎn)S不如,so...that如此...以致于????如果that后是否定,就可以用too...to轉(zhuǎn)換，如果是肯定就用，形容+enough(forSb)tosth.dobefamouSfor因...面著名(原因)， befamouSaS以...身份或產(chǎn)地而著名PreferdoingSth.todoingSth.=likedoingSthbetterthandoingSth更喜歡做某事,preferto更喜歡...prefertodoSthratherthandoSth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事,returnfromaViSitto從...訪問(wèn)返回，benamedafter以...的名字命名,beproudof以????自豪， beUPtosb.由某人決定，UPto從事于，忙于， SPaCestation在太空站,ShowSthtoSb.=ShowSbSth把某物給某人看， onbuSineSS出差，因...公事,在...的上面over,在??上面,正上方，中間有段空間，反義為underon在...上面，貼著物表，反義6巳口^8?卜，above在..上方，高出，反義belowinthesky=intheair在天空中,byair=byplane坐飛機(jī),inthelastthreeyears在過(guò)去三年里，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),none用于三個(gè)以上的全否定,反義為all;neither兩個(gè)都不，反義為both,thelastestnews,最新消息,ShareSth.withsb.與分享某物M0DULE4geton/alongwithsb,與...相處， getonwellwithsb.與...相處融洽hearabout,hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō),infact實(shí)際上,theHopeSchools，希望學(xué)校lookafter=takecareof=carefor,照顧dropoutofschool,綴學(xué)takepartin,參加payfor，支付，付錢(qián)howlong,多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間howsoon,多久getonbadlywith,與...相處不好hearfromsb.收到某人的信，郵件等onthefarm，在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上inthelast+一段時(shí)間，inthpast+一段時(shí)間inthereCent+一段時(shí)間,這三個(gè)用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)becauseof因?yàn)椋瑂ellsth．tosb.=sellsb.sth.,把某物賣(mài)給某人buysthfrom...buysthforsb.?給某人買(mǎi)東西getaneducation接受教育,takepartin=join參力口,ingood/badhealth身體健康/不健康,careabout關(guān)心,在乎,takecare當(dāng)心,howoften隔多久一次,stopdoingsth.停止做某事,stoptodosth.停下來(lái)去做別的事,dress/undressr十人,puton/wear/takeoff+衣，dropout退出,離隊(duì),dropin順便來(lái)訪,dropoutofschool退學(xué)pointat指著，pointto指向putonone'Sclothes穿上衣服withthehelpofsb.=wihtsb＇shelp在別人的幫助下withoutthehelpofsb.無(wú)人幫助的情況athomeandabroad在國(guó)內(nèi)外非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檠永m(xù)動(dòng)詞：buy--haveopen--beopenjoin--beinborrow--keepdie-－－bedeadleave--beawaycomehere---beheregothere--betherebegin--beonfiniSh beovermakefriendS--befriendsgetready--bereadybuy--get/havearrive/getto/reach/Come--bein?beat/stay,puton--haveon/weargetup--beUP可延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不可以與for或SinCe連用，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式也可以和for/since連用.other其他的，另外的,別的； another另一個(gè)人或事物；theother兩個(gè)中的另一個(gè)； theothers其余的，剩下的人或事物；others其他的，另外的，別的人或物MODULE5onearth,究竟，到底，可用在When,what,who,where,how,which,why等之后，相當(dāng)于intheworld,用在否定句中相當(dāng)于not...atall；afanof,...的迷 giveaconcert=giveconcerts,舉行音樂(lè)會(huì)befamousfor,因..而著名（后+人或物某方面的特點(diǎn)，特長(zhǎng)）befamousas，作為...而聞名（后+身份職業(yè)）attheageof=Whensb.was...yearsold,在..?歲的時(shí)彳候notonly...?butalso..不僅..而且（就近原則）上ClassiCalmusic,古典音樂(lè)belongto,屬于 sthbelongtosb.物屬于人across,從一定范圍內(nèi)的一邊到另一邊,表面進(jìn)行小「。口目?jī)簭闹虚g通過(guò)或穿過(guò),里面進(jìn)行;over上方通過(guò)，不接觸表面；hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō)， beborn出生， gothrough穿過(guò)，I'mnotsure我不確定， Ifmsure肯定，makesb.+adj使某人怎么樣， makesb.dosth.使某人做某事，takesb.around帶人四處走走，apieceofmusic一首樂(lè)曲，inadditionto除...以外,buyhimaguitar=buyaguitarforhim給某人買(mǎi)吉他，goonwithsth.繼續(xù)做某事，goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事，dieof患..而死,常接hUnger,Cold,illness,cancer內(nèi)部原因，diefrom由于..，而死，常接awound,anaccident,carelessness夕卜部原因，learntodosth學(xué)做某事， learnfromsb.向某人學(xué)習(xí)，Learn...byheart熟記，背誦， learnone'Slessonfrom...從...中吸取教訓(xùn)，反意疑問(wèn)句:1．先斷＂定＂,判斷是否定或肯定.如有not,never,few,little,hardly,no,nobody,seldom,nothing等詞，則是否定，后面該用肯定..后找"動(dòng)"，觀察前面的動(dòng)詞,若含有或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接用,若為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形,用do,三單用4。巳$,過(guò)去式用did,hadbetter用had.換代，主語(yǔ)定代詞,三單用he,she,it,復(fù)用theywe;somebody,nobody類(lèi)似的用they,和thing一起的用.肯定祈使句，反問(wèn)句部分可用Willyou/won'tyou?否定祈使句,用Willyou?5?Let's.??用Shallwe?letus....用willyou?,.在think,believe,suppose+從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，疑問(wèn)句部分與從句保持一致，同時(shí)主句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到從句中；但第二,三人稱(chēng)與主句保持一致：Idon'tthinkyouhavedoneit,haveyou?/Hedoesn'tthinkyouhavedoneit,does卜巳？即：當(dāng)主句人稱(chēng)是一,從句是二時(shí),看二；當(dāng)主句是三時(shí),就看三。.回答只針對(duì)事實(shí)作答;Yes+肯定 ，No+否定givesb.sth=givesth.tosb.給某人某物,give1口投降,giveupdoingsth放棄,giveout分發(fā),giveawayto對(duì)...讓步,ontheearth在地球上,both....and既????又 就近原則neither....nor既不....又不，就近原則either...or要么....要么.弋卜巳rebenotonly...butalso就近原則,,mayb一可能是.maybe=perhaps大概,也許Inadditionto..除...以外（還有）=besides,but除..之外，，常與否定意義詞連用，當(dāng)but前有do時(shí)but后接原形，except,除???.之外（不包括）onholiday度假,ofCOUrSe=,sure當(dāng)然alltypesof呼種，Parttimejob,一份兼職工作onone'sown獨(dú)自，beledby由????帶領(lǐng)MODULE6過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法：1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或正存在的狀態(tài)，一般常和atthattime,at點(diǎn)yesterday,then,lastnight,thistimeyesterday,thewholemorning,whenIarrived等特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。2.表示一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或兩個(gè)延續(xù)性過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。結(jié)構(gòu):was/were+V-inggoon繼續(xù)， goondoingsth繼續(xù)做某事（同一件事）,goontodosth繼續(xù)做某事（另一件事）,goonwithSth繼續(xù)做同一件事,但中間暫停過(guò),Howisitgoing?=Howareyougettingon/along?近況如何?bytheriver,在河邊atthistimeyesterday昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候， inatree=inthetree,在樹(shù)上（外來(lái)物）onatree=onthetree,在樹(shù)上，（樹(shù)本身的）smileatsb.朝著某人微笑，laughatsb.嘲笑某人fallinto,掉進(jìn),跌入falloff掉下來(lái),fallbehind,落后,跟不上fallinlovewith,愛(ài)上beCarefUI,小心bymistake由于出錯(cuò)atthat/thistime在那/這時(shí)havenothingtodo沒(méi)事可做,nothingStrange沒(méi)什么奇怪的，takesth.outof....把...從..?拿出來(lái)， happentodosth.碰巧做某事感官動(dòng)詞See,hear,watch,feel,notice,smell,taste后+名詞或代詞+動(dòng)詞原形（表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）后十名詞或代詞+Ving（表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）go4。亞口下去,underthhedge在樹(shù)籬下面,thinkabout考慮,thinkof想起，認(rèn)為，thinkover仔細(xì)考慮,thinkout,想出thinkhard,努力想，努力思考 Whathappenedtosb.?某人發(fā)生了什么事？beon上演，gooff熄滅，停,英語(yǔ)中當(dāng)幾個(gè)單數(shù)人稱(chēng)同時(shí)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，先后順序是“二、三、一not...until直到....才 （主句中常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）till/until直到為止（主句中常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）somethingwrongwith..?,出了毛病,lieinbed躺在床