狀語從句(9種全)

PAGEPAGE4狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等種類。一、時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞有:when,as,while,after,before,since,eversince,assoonas,once,till,until,whenever,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely...when,themoment/minute/instant/second,everytime,eachtime,anytime,thefirsttime,nexttime,lasttime,allthetime,bythetime,directly,immediately,instantly等。1.表示“一···就···”的句型1)assoonas/onceAssoonashearrives,I'llcallyou.他一到，我就給你打電話。（assoonas側(cè)重時(shí)間或動(dòng)作先后銜接緊，而once側(cè)重條件，表示“一旦...”）2)ondoingsth/onone's+n.作時(shí)間狀語Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.一到達(dá)車站，這個(gè)小偷就被逮捕了。OnhisarrivalinParis,hewasrecognizedasanobleandthrownintoprison.他一到達(dá)巴黎，就被認(rèn)出是一個(gè)貴族，并被投入監(jiān)獄。3)nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when它們表“一…就”。結(jié)構(gòu)中的否定詞放在句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝。（主句都用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。）Nosoonerhadhereachedhomethanitbegantorain.他剛到家，天就開始下雨了。Hardly/ScarcelyhadIenteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.我一進(jìn)屋，電話就響了。注意當(dāng)nosooner,hardly,scarcely不放在句首時(shí)，主句不倒裝，如：Ihadnosoonerreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.我剛到車站，車就開走了。Ihadscarcely（hardly）enteredtheroomwhenthephonerang.4）themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecondThemomentIsawhim,Irecognizedhim.我一看見他，就認(rèn)出了他。We'llleavetheminuteyouareready.你一準(zhǔn)備好，我們就出發(fā)。5)有些副詞如：instantly,immediately,directly可用作連詞，后接從句。Ileftimmediatelytheclockstruck5.我剛走，鐘就敲了五點(diǎn)。2.when,while,as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句1)when的用法①when既可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指時(shí)間段（即：從句動(dòng)詞可以是短暫的也可是延續(xù)的）；主從句動(dòng)作可同時(shí)也可先后發(fā)生。IwasthinwhenIwasachild.當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,我很瘦。ItwasrainingwhenIarrived.我到達(dá)時(shí)，天正在下雨。②在when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，如果從句主語與主句主語相同或?yàn)閕t，且從句有be動(dòng)詞，則從句可省主語和be動(dòng)詞，如：When(youare)introuble,youcanvisitthisman.當(dāng)你有麻煩時(shí)，可以找這個(gè)人。Sheisalwayslisteningtomusicwhen（sheis)doingherhomework.當(dāng)她做作業(yè)時(shí)，總是聽音樂。③when在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中,譯成“這時(shí)”,它引導(dǎo)的是并列句beabouttodo...when,bedoing...when,haddone···when,beonone'sway...when,beonthepointofdoing...when（參見“連詞”部分when的用法）2）while用法while只能指一段時(shí)間，從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生主句動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于duringthetimethatMymotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.當(dāng)我在做作業(yè)時(shí)，媽媽在做飯。IamsafewhileIamhere.我在這兒的時(shí)候，我很安全。注意while除引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句外，還引導(dǎo)對(duì)比句，作“然而”講；并可在句首引出讓步狀語從句作“雖然···但”講。IlikewatchingTV,whilehelikesreading.我喜歡看電視，而他喜歡讀書。Whilehehashisowncar,heoftenusesmine.盡管他自己有車，他卻常用我的。3)as的用法①as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)?？珊蛍hen換用，但較強(qiáng)調(diào)同時(shí)發(fā)生，多指短暫動(dòng)作。AsIleftthehouse,Iforgotthekey.我離家時(shí)，忘了帶鑰匙。②as還可說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況，“隨著...”的意思，表時(shí)間的推移。如：AsIgetolder,Igetmoreoptimistic.隨著年齡的增長，我變得更加樂觀。③as表“一邊…一邊…”，引出伴隨動(dòng)作。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.他匆忙地回家，邊走邊往后看。④用以強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生。Ashewasgoingout,itbegantorain.當(dāng)他出去的時(shí)候，天開始下雨了。⑤as有時(shí)引出一個(gè)名詞，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。Asaboy(whenhewasaboy),hewashopelessatmaths.當(dāng)他是孩子時(shí)，他對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)失去希望。3.before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如：Ashedidn'tknowmuchEnglish,hegotouthisdictionaryandlookeduptheword“cough”.他對(duì)英語懂得不多，他拿出字典查找“cough”這個(gè)詞。Asthegroundiswet,itmusthaverainedlastnight.（倒果為因）昨晚一定下了雨，地面是濕的。③nowthat用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推論。nowthat放句首時(shí)that可省略：Now(that)everybodyishere,let'sbegin.3.for也可以表示原因，屬并列連詞，不是說明直接原因，而是對(duì)某種情況加以推斷，表示補(bǔ)充說明理由。而推斷的理由會(huì)因人而異。語氣很弱，它引出的分句必須放在另一分句后。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.4.原因狀語從句有時(shí)可以用分詞形式表現(xiàn)。Ashewasblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.Beingblind,hecouldn'tseeanything.四、條件狀語從句1．由if,unless（if...not）,so/aslongas,supposing(that)（假設(shè)）,incase（萬一…,以防…）,so/asfaras（就...而言）,onconditionthat（條件是...）,provided/providing(that)（假若）引導(dǎo)。Tellmeaboutitifyouhavetime.Iwon'tgounlessI'minvited.Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.Youmayusetheroomas/solongasyoucleanitupafterwards.2.“祈使句+and/or/orelse/otherwise+陳述句”的句型中，祈使句在意義上實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.Hurryuporelse(otherwise)you’llbelate.3.ifonly也可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,只不過較少使用而已。onlyif也引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意思是“只有在...條件下”If(only)itclearsup,Iwillgo.4.條件狀語從句中一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表將來。Iwillgoifyougo.5.條件狀語從句中的省略問題1)從句主語為it,又有系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，可以省略從句中主語和be動(dòng)詞。Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.Ifso,youmustgetbackandgetit.還有諸如ifnecessary“如果有必要”，ifany“如果有”，ifinneed“若需要”。2）如果if從句的主語和主句的主語一致，謂語動(dòng)詞又有be,可以把從句中的主語和be省略掉。If(wateris)heated,watersendsoutsteam.6.條件句中的虛擬與倒裝①if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句若與過去或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不符，或?qū)ξ磥磉M(jìn)行不可能的假設(shè)，就要用虛擬語氣。（詳見虛擬語氣部分）②省略if的虛擬條件從句：若條件從句的謂語動(dòng)詞有were,had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主語前構(gòu)成倒裝。HadIarrivedthereearlier,Iwouldhaveseenhim.Wereitnotforhim,Iwouldnothavethechancetogohome.Shouldhebeheretomorrow,Iwouldgivehimahand.五、目的狀語從句由sothat（以便），inorderthat（為了），forfearthat（=incase）（以免），lest（以防）引導(dǎo)，謂語常含may,might,can,could,will,would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveatthestationingoodtime.I'llspeakslowlysothat/inorderthatyoucanunderstand.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）hewouldforget.★當(dāng)從句與主句主語一致時(shí)，可用todo,soastodo,inordertodo結(jié)構(gòu)換用。Heworkeddayandnightinorderthathecouldsucceed.Heworkeddayandnightinordertosucceed.六、結(jié)果狀語從句1.常用的連詞有sothat，so...that,such...that,that（帶古英語痕跡）。（結(jié)果狀語從句中一般無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）Hehadoversleptsothathewaslateforwork.MypenfellundermydeskthatIcouldn'tseeit.2.so/such...that所用句式①so+adj（adv)+that從句TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.②so+adj+a/an+單名+that從句＝sucha/an+adj.+單名+that從句Sheissobeautifulagirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.=Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatalltheboysofourclasslikeher.③somany/few+復(fù)名+that從句somuch/little+不可數(shù)名詞+that從句Therearesomanyapplesonthedeskthatweeachhaveone.Thereissolittlewaterthatyoucan'tdrink.④such+a/an+adj+單名+that從句Sheissuchagoodgirlthatshecanhelpyou.⑤such+adj+復(fù)名/不可數(shù)名+that從句Itwassuchbadweatherthatweallstayedhome.Hehassuchinterestingbooksthathekeepsreadingallday.注意little表“小，可愛”時(shí)，用such不用so修飾。Heissuchalittleboythathispatentsoftenteachhimsomething.七、方式狀語從句由as,asif(asthough)引導(dǎo)。Doasyoulike.Hespokeasifhehadbeentherebefore.注意asif,asthough從句與事實(shí)相反時(shí)用虛擬語氣，與事實(shí)相符，不用虛擬語氣。八、比較狀語從句①常用連詞than,as...as...,notas/so...asHeranasfarashecould.I'mnotas/sotallashe/him.ShestudiesharderthanI（study）．②themore...themore...引導(dǎo),且經(jīng)常以省略形式出現(xiàn)Theharderyoutry,thebetteryouwillunderstand.九、讓步狀語從句由though,although,as,evenif/though,nomatterwh-,wh-ever詞，whether...or（不管...都），when,while等引導(dǎo)。1.though,although這兩個(gè)連詞用法基本一樣，只是前者口語化，后者較正式，常位于句首，都不與but連用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless連用。though還可作副詞單獨(dú)放在句尾，表示“然而”的意思。AlthoughtheTVsetisverydear,Istillwanttobuyit.Though/Althoughhewaswornout,hekeptonworking.2.as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語時(shí)，從句部分用倒裝語序，句型為:①形容詞/副詞/名詞+as+主+謂②動(dòng)詞+as+主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Childasheis,heknowsalot.Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeme.Greatascientistasheis,heremainsmodest.TryasImight,Icouldn'tliftthestone.注意在這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although.Bravelythoughtheplayersfought,theyhadnochanceofwinning.3.evenif（盡管；即使）,eventhough（盡管）這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞意義基本相同，常用以強(qiáng)調(diào)讓步概念，有退一步想的意思（有時(shí)用于虛擬）。表“即使”時(shí)有假設(shè)含義，一般用evenif。We'llmaketripevenif(though)theweatherisbad.EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn'ttakethejob.（虛擬）4.“whether...or...”可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.5.“nomatter+wh-”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)“疑問句-ever”相當(dāng)于“nomatter+疑問詞”，此時(shí)：nomatterwho=whoevernomatterwhat=whatevernomatterwhich=whichevernomatterwhere=wherevernomatterhow=howeverNomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.It'saniceroomnomatterwhom(whoever)itbelongsto.6.“nomatter+wh-”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而“wh-ever”形式除引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句外，還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)：whoever=anyonewho任何…的人…whatever=anythingthat任何…的事（物）whenever=anyplacewhere任何…的地方Iwillgivethebooktowhoeverneedsit.Ilikewhateveryoulike.7.when引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)置于主句后①雖然···卻···，盡管···但···Hewalkswhenhemighttakeataxi.②本（應(yīng)...，可以...）卻...。when從句用虛擬式為：could/should...havedoneShestoppedtryingwhenshemightsucceednexttime.8.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)置于主句前，與though同，但though從句可到裝，while從句不可倒裝。9.讓步狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。Nomatterwhatheis,hewillbepunished.十、狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同或?yàn)閕t,同時(shí)從句謂語含be動(dòng)詞，就可省去從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞。①時(shí)間狀語從句中：Don’tspeakuntil(youare)spokento.While(Iwas)inBeijing,Ilivedwithmyuncle.Iwanttogoswimmingwhen(itis)possible.②條件狀語從句中：Cometomorrowif(itis)possible.If(itis)so,youwouldbepunished.Unless(itis)repaired,theTVsetisofnouse.③方式狀語從句中：Shestoodatthegateasif(shewas)waitingforsomeone.④其他狀語從句中：Though(itwas)cold,hestillworeashirt.Fillintheblankswithproperwordswhere(itis)necessary.練習(xí)一、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空：1.Dr.Bethune(白求恩)cametoChina__________hewasfifty.2.Hebegantowork__________hegotthere.3.Let'sbeginourmeeting__________everyoneishere.4.IliketheEnglishpeople,__________Idon'tliketheirfood.5.__________yougoinChina,youcanseesmilingfaces.6.Hedidn'tcometothelecture,__________hewasverybusy.7.__________wehadenoughtime,wewalkedtothecinema.8.Theywillhelpyou__________youmeetwithdifficulty.9._________wecametotheuniversity,wehavelearntquitealot.10.Ididn'tjointhemyesterdayevening__________Ihadtogotoanimportantmeeting.11.Wewouldtrytogetacar__________wecouldalltraveltogethermoreeasily.12.Shewouldn'tforgethermother'sbirthday__________sheseldomwrotetoherfamily.13.We'redoingeverythingwecantomakethingsaseasyforyou___________wecan.14.Themeetingbecamesodisorderly__________thespeakerhadtoshouttheaudiencedown.15.Hewasangrier__________everbefore.16.__________youlockallthedoors,hecanstillmanagetogetin.17.Theboywassotired__________hefellasleeponthebus.18.Hard_________hetried,hecouldn’tforcethedooropen.二、選擇填空1.______you’vetriedit,youcan’timaginehowpleasantitis.A.Unless

B.Because

C.Although

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B.incase

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B.since

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D.until6.Wemustdoitwell,______therearealotofdifficulties.A.asif

B.asthough

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D.evenas7.______hastakenpartintheAthensOlympicGamesisworthpraisingnomatter______hehaswonmedalsornot.A.Who;if

B.Anyone;whether

C.Whoever;whether D.Whoever;how8.It’salongtime______Isawyoulast.Yes,andwhatapityitisnowthatitwillbealongtime______weseeeachotheragain.A.before;since

B.since;when

C.since;before

D.when;before9.Theheadofthecompanypromisedtodealwithmattersofthissort______hereturnedtohisoffice.A.until

B.while

C.bythetime

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B.when

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D.unless11.Much______theyoungcoupleneededmoneytomakethedownpaymentfortheapartment,theywouldn’tasktheirparentsforhelp.A.although B.as C.evenif D.while12.Ihavekeptthephoto______Icanalwaysseeit,asitremindsmeofthedayswhenIstudiedinBritain.A.atwhich

B.when

C.where

D.attheplace13.Iwouldappreciateit______youcanhelpmewithmyEnglishthisafternoon.A.because

B.until

C.when

D.if14.______youmayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.A.As

B.While

C.If

D.Since15.______was1998______Igraduatedfromtheuniversity.A.It;when

B.It;that

C.That;when

D.That;that16.Thefamousscientistgrewup______hewasbornandin1930hecametoShanghai.A.when

B.whenever

C.where

D.wherever17.“ItgivesmegreatjoyandIfeelmorepressurethanIdid______IwoninChina,”DingJunhuisaid.A.that

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D.how18.Parentsshouldtakeseriouslytheirchildren’srequestsforsunglasses______eyeprotectionisnecessaryinsunnyweather.A.becauseB.throughC.unlessD.if19.J