中國(guó)海上風(fēng)電發(fā)展前景及展望

The

Review

and

Prospect

of

Offshore

Wind

Development

in

China中國(guó)海上風(fēng)電發(fā)展回顧與展望主要內(nèi)容

Contents

中國(guó)海上風(fēng)電發(fā)展?fàn)顩rOffshore

Wind

Development

Status中國(guó)海上風(fēng)電開發(fā)建設(shè)管理流程Offshore

Wind

Development

Regulatory

Requirements

in

ProjectApproval

and

Construction

Management

中國(guó)海上風(fēng)電發(fā)展前景展望Offshore

Wind

Development

Prospect結(jié)束語(yǔ)End一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status1、海上風(fēng)能資源豐富，具備大規(guī)模發(fā)展海上風(fēng)電的資源條件。Abundant

offshore

wind

resources

provides

possibility

of

largescale

offshore

wind

projects

development根據(jù)中國(guó)氣象局風(fēng)能資源詳查初步成果：According

to

the

preliminary

offshore

wind

resource

survey

of

CMA:5～25米水深、50米高度風(fēng)電可裝機(jī)容量約2億千瓦；

200GW

potential

in

50m

height

and

5~25m

water

depth;5～50米水深、70米高度風(fēng)電可裝機(jī)容量約5億千瓦。

500GW

potential

in

70m

height

and

5~50m

water

depth;一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status2、開發(fā)建設(shè)了一批海上風(fēng)電示范項(xiàng)目，為今后大規(guī)模發(fā)展海上風(fēng)電積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)Experiences

gained

by

some

pilot

offshore

wind

project目前，已建海上風(fēng)電裝機(jī)142.5MW，初步具備了海上風(fēng)電設(shè)計(jì)、施工及設(shè)備制造的能力。其中：The

cumulative

installed

offshore

capacity

added

up

to

142.5MW

and

preliminaryexperiences

of

design,

construction

and

offshore

wind

turbine

manufacturing

are

gained.華銳3MW，金風(fēng)1.5MW和2.5MW，上海電氣2MW，明陽(yáng)1.5MW和3MW，海裝2MW，三一電氣2MW，聯(lián)合動(dòng)力1.5MW，遠(yuǎn)景能源1.5MW等8個(gè)廠家共54臺(tái)機(jī)組有海上風(fēng)電運(yùn)行業(yè)績(jī)。Now

Sinovel

3MW,

Goldwind

1.5MW/2.5MW,

SEC

2MW,

Mingyang

1.5MW/3MW,

CSIC

2MW,Sanyi

2MW,

UP

1.5MW

and

Envision

1.5MW

added

up

to

totally

54

wind

turbines

from

8different

manufactures.一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status中國(guó)海上風(fēng)電歷年新增和累計(jì)裝機(jī)容量變化圖The

annual

newly

installed

and

cumulative

capacity

of

offshore

wind

in

China一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Statusrdst

nd

thth一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status3、培養(yǎng)了一批專業(yè)隊(duì)伍，為國(guó)家開發(fā)建設(shè)海上風(fēng)電打下較堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)Capacity

building

for

the

future

solid

development

of

offshore

wind

projects施工方面。目前有10多家施工單位介入海上風(fēng)電施工，其中：Now

more

than

10

construction

companies

are

involved

in

the

offshore

wind

projects:中交第三航務(wù)局、南通海洋水建等有承擔(dān)海上風(fēng)電施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)。China

Communication

Construction

3

company

and

Nantong

Oceanic

Construction

company

have

theexperience

of

main

contractor

in

offshore

wind

projects

construction.中交第一、二、四航務(wù)局等有以主要設(shè)備參與海上風(fēng)電施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)。China

Communication

Construction

1

,

2

and

4

companies

have

the

experience

of

sub-contractor

inoffshore

wind

projects

construction.中海洋石油、江蘇電建、江蘇海建、天津港航、上海電建、上海港務(wù)、水電八局、中鐵大橋、三一、葛洲壩、道達(dá)重工等單位，有的海洋施工比較熟悉，有的具有大型海上施工設(shè)備，有的加強(qiáng)海上施工技術(shù)研究。CNNOP,

Jiangsu

Electric

Construction,

Jiangsu

Oceanic

Construction,

Tianjin

Harbor

Constrction,Shanghai

Electric

Constrction,

Shanghai

Harbor,

SinoHydro

8

company,

Sanyi，Gezhouba

group

andDaoda

also

have

rich

experience

in

marine

projects.一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)方面：華東院、中南院、西北院和上海院，從規(guī)劃到前期、施工，配備了專業(yè)隊(duì)伍，加強(qiáng)了科技投入研究，參與了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)技術(shù)制定，具備了海上風(fēng)電專業(yè)勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)能力。HYDROCHINA

Huadong,

HYDROCHINA

Zhongnan,

HYDROCHINA

Xibei

and

Shanghai

Designinstitute

are

the

main

actors

in

offshore

wind

project

design

and

consulting.

They

havegreatly

involved

in

the

offshore

wind

project

development

by

attending

the

technicalstandards

discussion

and

R&D

projects.開發(fā)建設(shè)方面：以五大電源企業(yè)、中廣核、國(guó)華、三峽為主，加上地方能源投資企業(yè)，開發(fā)建設(shè)了大小不一的海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目，并積極推進(jìn)一批大型海上風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目預(yù)可研、可研階段的前期工作。The

Giant

5

Electric

Power

Companies,

CGNPC,

Guohua,

Three

Gorges

Company

and

somelocal

investment

companies

formulate

the

developer

group

of

offshore

wind

projects,

ofwhich

the

pre=feasibility

studies

and

feasibility

studies

are

finished.專業(yè)隊(duì)伍的初步建立和形成，將有力推進(jìn)全國(guó)海上風(fēng)電開發(fā)建設(shè)。All

these

stakeholders

have

built

up

their

preliminary

capacity

and

thuspromote

the

healthy

development

of

offshore

projects.一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status4、初步建立了海上風(fēng)電標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系，規(guī)范和指導(dǎo)海上風(fēng)電開發(fā)建設(shè)The

Technical

Standards

Frame,

Insure

the

solid

wind

development管理方面

Management

Issues出臺(tái)了《海上風(fēng)電開發(fā)建設(shè)管理暫行辦法》

(國(guó)能新能

[2010]29號(hào)，2010年1月22日國(guó)家能源局和海洋局聯(lián)合發(fā)布）<Temporary

Management

Method

for

Offshore

Wind

Project

Development>

has

beenpublished

by

NEA

and

NOA

in

2010.將要出臺(tái)《海上風(fēng)電開發(fā)建設(shè)管理實(shí)施細(xì)則》(國(guó)家能源局和海洋局聯(lián)合制定)<The

Detailed

Management

Rules

for

Offshore

Wind

Project

Development>

is

going

tobe

published

by

NEA

and

NOA

soon.一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status技術(shù)方面

Technical

Issues制定了4項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：包括規(guī)劃、預(yù)可研、可研、施工組織設(shè)計(jì)4

technical

standards

have

been

published

covering

planning,

pre-feasibility

study,feasibility

study

and

construction

design.正在編制7項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：包括風(fēng)能資源測(cè)量及海洋水文觀測(cè)、風(fēng)電機(jī)組地基基礎(chǔ)、防腐蝕、工程概算定額、設(shè)計(jì)概算編制規(guī)定及費(fèi)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、安全預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)、安全驗(yàn)收評(píng)價(jià)7

technical

standards

will

be

published

soon

including

wind

resource

and

oceaniccondition

monitoring

and

assessment,

offshore

wind

turbine

foundation,

corrosion,project

norm,

cost

estimation,

safety

assessment,

safety

acceptance.一、發(fā)展?fàn)顩r

Status5、組織海上風(fēng)電特許權(quán)招標(biāo)，為海上風(fēng)電規(guī)?；l(fā)展進(jìn)行有益探索Concession

Projects:

Lessons

and

Experiences

for

future

large

scaleddevelopment江蘇四個(gè)海上特許權(quán)招標(biāo)項(xiàng)目總規(guī)模100萬千瓦，為今后大規(guī)模發(fā)展海上風(fēng)電制定電價(jià)政策及管理機(jī)制進(jìn)行有益探索。其中，江蘇濱海近海30萬kW電價(jià)為0.7370元/kW.h,射陽(yáng)近海30萬kW電價(jià)為0.7047元/kW.h,

東臺(tái)潮間帶20萬kW電價(jià)為0.6235元/kW.h,大豐潮間帶20萬kW電價(jià)為0.6396元/kW.h。The

total

capacity

of

4

concession

project

in

Jiangsu

is

1GW.

The

concession-construction

is

the

necessary

method

to

a

suitable

management

and

feed-in-tariff

scheme.The

awarded

feed-in-tariff

are:

0.7370

RMB/kW.h

for

Binhai

300MW

project,

0.7047RMB/kW.h

for

Sheyang

300MW

project,

0.6235

RMB/kW.h

for

Dongtai

200MW

project,

0.6396RMB/kW.h

for

Dafeng

200MW

project

。海冰、海浪(風(fēng)暴潮)、潮位，航道

Sea

ice,

wave,

tidal,

ship

navigation臺(tái)風(fēng)、鹽霧、覆冰，空中航道(起落附近)、雷

達(dá)影響范圍Typhoon,

salty

air,

ice,

aircraft

navigation,

radar,

etc二、開發(fā)建設(shè)管理Regulatory

Requirements茫茫大海，看似

到處可建海上風(fēng)1

、海上風(fēng)電需要考慮因素(技術(shù)+管理)

The

factors

(technical

and

management)電……It

seems

to

be

candidateoffshore

windsites空中Atmosphereeverywhere

onthe

sea……水面Sea

Surface洋流、潮流、海底沖刷和侵蝕、海洋生物、

鹽分、海底地形及地質(zhì)，管線Current,

Surge,

Scour,

Marine

lives,

Salt,

Sea

bed

contours

and

geological

conditions,

pipelines海洋功能區(qū)劃、港口、碼頭、錨地、航道、

自然保護(hù)區(qū)等敏感海域、灘涂圍墾及養(yǎng)殖、

軍事用海、其他特殊用海，陸上交通與施工

拼裝場(chǎng)地，技術(shù)難度Oceanic

Function

Planning,

Harbor,

Anchorage,

Sea

Route,

Nature

Reserve,

Breeding,

Military

and

other

Utilization,

the

Transportation

Requirements二、開發(fā)建設(shè)管理Regulatory

Requirements水下beneath

thesurface真正可建風(fēng)電的海域有限，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)管理，有效利用。其它The

efficientOthersutilization

ofoffshore

sites:the

availablearea

is

limited二、開發(fā)建設(shè)管理

Regulatory

Requirements全過程做好信息和資

料保密管理……

The

whole

processconfidentialrequirements2

、海上風(fēng)電開發(fā)建設(shè)管理

Management

Issues規(guī)劃Planning規(guī)劃編制

:以省為單位進(jìn)行，規(guī)劃選定項(xiàng)目場(chǎng)址，確定開發(fā)布局。Planning

Compiling：The

provincial

based

siting

and

planning.規(guī)劃審定

：省級(jí)職能部門把好關(guān)，國(guó)家能源局和海洋局組織水規(guī)院最終審定。Planning

Confirmed:

NEA

and

NOA

organize

HYDROCHINA

take

theappraisal

procedure

to

the

final

planning.前期○

前期工作安排

Early

Staged

Work

Proceduresarly

Stage省級(jí)能源部門征求省級(jí)海洋部門意見，擬定開展前期工作的項(xiàng)目和承擔(dān)單位；Provincial

Energy

Authority

and

Oceanic

Authority

will

prepare

thecandidate

site

and

appoint

certain

organization

to

carry

out

the

technicalwork.報(bào)國(guó)家能源主管部門批準(zhǔn)實(shí)施；Report

the

site

to

National

Energy

Authority

for

approval二、開發(fā)建設(shè)管理Regulatory

Requirements外

業(yè)勘查

Site

Survey測(cè)風(fēng)塔設(shè)立

：縣級(jí)海洋部門理海域使用權(quán)；工程區(qū)主管海事局批復(fù)通航安全評(píng)估報(bào)告，辦理施工單位施工手續(xù)。Wind

Mast:

Sea

surface

utilizationapplication

goes

to

county

level

oceanic

authority,

sea

navigationassessment

goes

to

local

maritime

safety

authority.前期EarlyStage海洋水文測(cè)評(píng)：應(yīng)由相應(yīng)資質(zhì)的單位進(jìn)行。Oceanic

Condition:

A

certain

technical

classification

required.海圖測(cè)量及地勘工作：方案征求縣級(jí)海洋部門同意，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)量前到工程區(qū)

主管海事局辦理手續(xù)。Contour

map

and

geological

survey:

Plan

goes

to

county

leveloceanic

authority

and

procedure

needed

from

the

local

maritimesafety

authority

when

survey

is

conducted.○

預(yù)可行性研究工作Pre-feasibility

Study

預(yù)可研報(bào)告通過技術(shù)歸口管理單位審查；Censored

by

National

Wind

Technical

Responsible

organization二、開發(fā)建設(shè)管理Regulatory

Requirements○

可行性研究工作Feasibility

Study預(yù)可研工作符合要求后，特許權(quán)項(xiàng)目通過特許權(quán)獲取開發(fā)權(quán)，其余項(xiàng)目可進(jìn)行可研階段工作；After

the

approval

of

pre-feasibility

stage,

the前期project

could

go

to

concession

procedure

or

feasibility

study.arly

Stage由甲級(jí)勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)單位提出可研報(bào)告，并通過技術(shù)歸口管理單位審查；TheClass

A

design

and

investigation

institute

provide

the

feasibilitystudy

report

and

National

Wind

Technical

Responsible

organizationwill

censor

the

report.開展用海(含海域使用論證)、環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)、海纜路由、通航安全、安全預(yù)評(píng)價(jià)、接入電力系統(tǒng)等專題，并取得相關(guān)職能部門審查意見；The

seautilization

assessment,

EIA,

sea

cable

assessment,

maritime

safetyassessment,

grid-integration

reports

need

to

passed

by

specificauthorities

.開發(fā)企業(yè)編制項(xiàng)目申請(qǐng)報(bào)告，經(jīng)省級(jí)能源投資主管部門初審后報(bào)國(guó)家能源投資主管部門核準(zhǔn)。The

developer

compiles

the

project

applicationreport,

the

provincial

energy

authority

reviews

and

goes

to

national二、開發(fā)建設(shè)管理Regulatory

Requirements做好海域使用權(quán)報(bào)批手續(xù)，取得海域使用權(quán)證書；Sea

Utilization

License

from

Oceanic

Authority建設(shè)Construction落實(shí)環(huán)境保護(hù)和安全衛(wèi)生設(shè)施措施；Environmental

protection

and

Safety

Requirements

need

to

be

fulfilled做好與省級(jí)電網(wǎng)公司接入電網(wǎng)配套設(shè)施建設(shè)的銜接工作；The

grid-integration

fits

the

provincial

grid

company’s

requirements按照電力調(diào)度和國(guó)家信息管理要求，落實(shí)信息化建設(shè)方案；the

developer

need

to

fulfill

the

regulate

and

dispatch

requirementsand

national

wind

data

regulatory

requirements辦理施工手續(xù)，對(duì)施工質(zhì)量負(fù)責(zé);Responsible

for

construction

quality

and

send

constructionapplication

to

related

authority接受海洋行政主管部門的監(jiān)督檢查。The

oceanic

authority

will

supervise

the

project’s

constructionprocedure三、發(fā)展前景

Prospect1、開發(fā)建設(shè)海上風(fēng)電的有利因素：Advantages

國(guó)家發(fā)展可再生能源的需求和重視；The

needs

for

renewable

energy

consumption資源豐富，具備開發(fā)條件；Abundant

wind

resource

and

construction

conditions接近負(fù)荷中心，電力消納能力較強(qiáng)；Near

to

load

centre裝備制造從無到有，研發(fā)制造能力不斷提高；Ongoing

wind

turbine

manufacturing

capacity專業(yè)勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)、施工、建設(shè)隊(duì)伍逐步形成；Investigation,

Design

and

Construction

capacity海上風(fēng)電經(jīng)濟(jì)性不斷提高。The

decreasing

cost

of

offshore

wind

project三、發(fā)展前景

Prospect2、開發(fā)建設(shè)海上風(fēng)電需要重視的因素：The

key

elements海域綜合利用，協(xié)調(diào)好各方用海;Overall

coordination

for

sea

utilization開發(fā)建設(shè)難度大，對(duì)設(shè)備制造、前期工作及施工建設(shè)需要重視；High

importance

of

manufacture、

design

and

construction開發(fā)建設(shè)和運(yùn)行維護(hù)成本大，需要成規(guī)模的開發(fā)；Large

scale

development

to

decrease

the

O&M

cost