Unit 2 課時(shí)2 Section A3a-4c【教案】（核心提要+精講專練） 人教版 八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語教材講義

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.課時(shí)1SectionA（3a-4c）Learningaims:1.記住并能運(yùn)用下列單詞及短語：several,strong,feeling,satisfaction,joy,owner,journey,tryout,raise,midnight,alone。區(qū)分putup,handout,callup,cheerup,comeupwith,giveout,putoff等動(dòng)詞短語的含義。2.閱讀短文，獲得相關(guān)的信息。通過閱讀練習(xí)來提高閱讀能力。3.意識(shí)到盡己所能、幫助他人、樂于奉獻(xiàn)是一種良好的品德。重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語1._______________prep.幾個(gè)；數(shù)個(gè)；一些2._______________adj.強(qiáng)烈的；強(qiáng)壯的3._______________n.感覺；感觸4._______________n.滿足；滿意5._______________n.高興；愉快6._______________n.物主；主人；所有者7._______________n.（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行；行程8._______________v.募集；征集；籌集；抬起；舉起9._______________n.午夜；子夜10._______________adv.獨(dú)自地；孤獨(dú)地；單獨(dú)11.___________________________參加……選拔；試用12.___________________________修理；裝飾；修補(bǔ)13.___________________________贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)14.___________________________（外貌或行為）像答案：1.several2.strong 3.feeling 4.satisfaction 5.joy 6.owner 7.journey8.raise 9.midnight 10.alone 11.tryout 12.fixup 13.giveaway13.takeafter 1.usedto的用法········教材原文Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他們給我講過去的經(jīng)歷,講過去是什么樣子的.本句中的usedto表示“過去常常;以前經(jīng)?！?后跟動(dòng)詞原形,用來描述過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).Heusedtoplaytheguitar.他以前經(jīng)常彈吉他.Iusedtolookonhimasafriend.我以前把他看作是一個(gè)朋友.拓展usedto在變否定句或一般疑問句時(shí)常借助助動(dòng)詞did.具體如下:肯定句主語＋usedto+動(dòng)詞原形...否定句主語＋didn'tuseto+動(dòng)詞原形一般疑問句Did+主語＋useto+動(dòng)詞原形...?肯定答語Yes,主語＋did否定答語No,主語＋didn't.Bobusedtoplaysoccer.鮑勃以前經(jīng)常踢足球Bobdidn'tusetoplaysoccer.鮑勃以前不常踢足球-DidBobusetoplaysoccer?鮑勃以前經(jīng)常踢足球嗎?-Yes,hedid.是的,他經(jīng)常踢-No,hedidn't.不,他不常踢.辨析usedto和beusedto詞組含義用法usedto過去常常;以前經(jīng)常后跟動(dòng)詞原形.用于描述過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再繼續(xù)beusedto習(xí)慣于后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞Heusedtoplayfootball,butnowhelikesplayingbaseball.他以前經(jīng)常踢足球,但現(xiàn)在他喜歡打棒球.Sheisusedtogettingupearly.她習(xí)慣早起.-Howdoyougotoschool?-I________takeabus,butnowI________walking.A.usedto;usedtoB.wasusedto;amusedtoC.usedto;amusedto解析句意:-你怎樣去上學(xué)?-我過去常乘坐公共汽車,但現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣于走著去.usedtodosth.意為“過去經(jīng)常做某事”;beusedtodoingsth.意為“習(xí)慣做某事”.故選C.2.“疑問詞＋不定式”的用法······教材原文...butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimals.······但是我想學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于如何照顧動(dòng)物的知識(shí).howtocareforanimals屬于“疑問詞＋不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作介詞about的賓語.該結(jié)構(gòu)還可以轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句howIcancareforanimals.當(dāng)“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作賓語時(shí),通?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為賓語從句.Wedon'tknowhowtousethecamera.＝Wedon'tknowhowwecanusethecamera.我們不知道怎樣使用這個(gè)照相機(jī).例-IwillgotoHarbinformysummervacation.Whataboutyou?-Ihaven'tdecidedwhere________.A.goB.wentC.goingD.togo解析句意:--我將去哈爾濱過暑假,你呢?--我還沒有決定去哪里.此處是“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語,故答案選D3.carefor的用法教材原文...butIwanttolearnmoreabouthowtocareforanimal.······但是我想學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于如何照顧動(dòng)物的知識(shí).carefor是固定搭配,意為“照顧;非常喜歡”.Shedoesn'tcareforskating.她不喜歡滑冰.Thesickmustbecaredfor.病人應(yīng)被照料.拓展care的延伸carefuladj.小心的carelessadj.粗心的carefullyadv.小心地carelesslyadv.粗心地carefor照顧;喜歡careabout關(guān)心;在意takecare小心;當(dāng)心takecareof照顧;照料例Theyoungshould________theold.Anyway,wearealsogoingtobeoldoneday.A.takeafter B.carefor C.careof 解析句意:年輕人應(yīng)該照顧老年人.無論如何,總有一天我們也會(huì)變老的.takeafter意為“(外貌或行為)像”;carefor意為“照顧;喜歡”.由句意可知B項(xiàng)符合題意.4.such的用法教材原文Igetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhen1seetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners'faces.當(dāng)我看到動(dòng)物們(病情)漸好,看到它們主人臉上的喜悅表情時(shí),我得到一種強(qiáng)烈的滿足感.本句中的suchastrongfeelingofsatisfaction屬于“such+a/an+形容詞＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”的結(jié)構(gòu),表示“如此····的······”,該結(jié)構(gòu)同”so+形容詞＋a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”.Sheissuchabeautifulgirl.＝Sheissobeautifulagirl.她是如此漂亮的一個(gè)女孩.辨析so和such的區(qū)別So修飾形容詞或副詞Such修飾名詞注意當(dāng)名詞前有many、much、few,little(少)修飾時(shí),要用so,不用suchHeissohonestaboythateveryonelikeshim.＝Heissuchanhonestboythateveryonelikeshim.他是個(gè)如此誠實(shí)的男孩,以至于每個(gè)人都喜歡他.Therearesomanypeopleinthesquare.廣場(chǎng)上有如此多的人.例Itwas________lovelyweather________wedecidedtospendthedayonthebeach.A.sucha;thatB.so;thatC.such;that解析句意:天氣是如此好以至于我們決定在海灘上度過一天.句中l(wèi)ovelyweather是名詞短語,要用“such...that”結(jié)構(gòu).因weather是不可數(shù)名詞,故such后不加冠詞a.一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Aftertheshipcrashedagainsttherocks,hemanaged________tothebeach.A．swim B．swimming C．swam D．toswim【答案】D【詳解】句意：船觸礁后，他設(shè)法游到了海灘?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。managetodosth.“設(shè)法成功做某事”，固定搭配，故選D。2．Ourteacheroftentellsus________inclass.A．keepquiet B．keepquite C．tokeepquiet D．tokeepquite【答案】C【詳解】句意：我們的老師經(jīng)常告訴我們?cè)谡n堂上保持安靜?？疾閠ell的用法及quiet和quite的辨析。quiet安靜的；quite相當(dāng)。keepquiet“保持安靜”，keep后續(xù)形容詞，而tellsb.todosth.“告訴某人做某事”，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，故選C。3．Heissopoorthathe________afford________toschool.A．didn’t；go B．can’t；togo C．isn’t；togo D．can’t；going【答案】B【詳解】句意：他窮得連上學(xué)的錢都負(fù)擔(dān)不起?？疾榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can表能力和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。didn’t沒有；can’t不能，不會(huì)；isn’t不是；go走，去，動(dòng)詞原形；togo走，去，動(dòng)詞不定式；going走，去，動(dòng)名詞。根據(jù)“sopoor”可知太窮了無法支付，應(yīng)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can’t表示“不能”。動(dòng)詞短語affordtodosth表示“負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事”。故選B。4．Theyalluseblackpens________articles.Butweusecomputers.A．write B．towrite C．writing D．writes【答案】B【詳解】句意：他們都用黑色鋼筆寫文章。但是我們使用電腦?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。由句子中的use可知，這里用到短語usesthtodo“用……做某事”。故選B。5．—WhatdoIhavetodobeforeIcanbeintheclub?—Youshould__________yourpersonalinformationonthispaper.A．tryout B．fillout C．findout D．takeout【答案】B【詳解】句意：——我要做什么才能加入俱樂部？——你應(yīng)該在這張紙上填寫你的個(gè)人信息?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語辨析。tryout參加……選拔；fillout填寫；findout查明；takeout取出。根據(jù)“yourpersonalinformationonthispaper”可知，在紙上填寫個(gè)人信息，故選B。6．—Iwanttoknow________wewillhavethemeeting.—Maybeintheclassroom.A．where B．when C．who D．whether【答案】A【詳解】句意：——我想知道我們將在哪里開會(huì)?！苍S在教室里?？疾橘e語從句引導(dǎo)詞。where哪里；when什么時(shí)候；who誰；whether是否。分析“Iwanttoknow…wewillhavethemeeting.”可知該句是一個(gè)賓語從句，根據(jù)答語“Maybeintheclassroom.”可知賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用where，詢問的是地點(diǎn)。故選A。7．WhenEdisonwasachild,hewasalwaysaskingquestionsand________newideas.A．tryingout B．givingout C．handingout D．comingout【答案】A【詳解】句意：當(dāng)愛迪生還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他總是問問題，并嘗試新的想法。考查動(dòng)詞短語。tryingout試用，試驗(yàn)；givingout分發(fā)，發(fā)出；handingout分發(fā)；comingout出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)“hewasalwaysaskingquestionsand...newideas.”可知，應(yīng)是試驗(yàn)新想法，故選A。8．—Whyaretheysobusy?—Becausetheyare________moneyforhomelesspeople.A．raising B．saving C．spending D．losing【答案】A【詳解】句意：——他們?yōu)槭裁催@么忙？——因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)跒闊o家可歸的人籌款?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。raising籌集；saving拯救；spending花費(fèi)；losing失去。根據(jù)“moneyforhomelesspeople”可知，此處指為為無家可歸的人籌款，故選A。9．Manyteenagers________theoldandtheyoftenoffertheirseatstothemonbuses.A．giveup B．carefor C．laughat D．listento【答案】B【詳解】句意：許多青少年關(guān)心老人，他們經(jīng)常在公共汽車上給他們讓座。考查動(dòng)詞短語。giveup放棄；carefor關(guān)心；laughat嘲笑；listento聽。根據(jù)“theyoftenoffertheirseatstothemonbuses”可知，是指青少年很關(guān)心老人，給他們讓座。故選B。10．Whenshewasyoung,sheusedto________theviolin.A．playing B．play C．played D．toplay【答案】B【詳解】句意：她年輕時(shí)常拉小提琴?？疾閡sedtodo結(jié)構(gòu)。usedtodosth“過去常常做某事”，故選B。二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空11．Moststudentstodayareonlyworriedabout________(get)goodgrades.【答案】getting【詳解】句意：大多數(shù)學(xué)生如今只擔(dān)憂能否取得好成績(jī)。短語worryaboutdoingsth.表示“擔(dān)心做某事”，所以空處要填動(dòng)名詞，所給單詞“get”的動(dòng)名詞形式為getting，故填getting。12．Heusedto________(go)outwithhisparents,butnowheisusedto________(stay)athomealone.【答案】

go

staying【詳解】句意：他過去常和父母一起出去，但現(xiàn)在他習(xí)慣獨(dú)自待在家里。usedtodosth.“過去常常做某事”；由“butnow”可知第二空表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，beusedtodoingsth.“習(xí)慣于做某事”。故填go；staying。13．Mysisterhopes________(be)adoctorwhenshegrowsup.【答案】tobe【詳解】句意：我妹妹希望長(zhǎng)大后成為一名醫(yī)生。hopetodosth“希望做某事”，為固定短語。故填tobe。14．Lindadecides_________（go）toHainanwithherparentsonvacation.【答案】togo【詳解】句意：琳達(dá)決定跟她的父母去海南度假。根據(jù)固定搭配“decidetodosth.決定去做某事”，所以應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的不定式togo。故填togo。15．Thepolicemangaveusmuchadviceonhow________(protect)personalinformation.【答案】toprotect【詳解】句意：警察給了我們很多關(guān)于如何保護(hù)個(gè)人信息的建議。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，how后不能直接接動(dòng)詞，空格處為“how+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，故填toprotect。三、完形填空Someboysstoodaroundatalltree.“Itwouldbe____16____toclimbtothetop!”theysaidtoeachother.Theboysthendecidedtoplayagametosee____17____couldclimbtothetopofthetreefirst.Theirmothersweresittingnotfaraway,____18____uptheirchildrenastheyplayed.Oneoftheclimberswasan8-year-oldboynamedDavid.Hewastheshortestchild____19____thegroup.Noonethoughthewouldwinthecompetition.Thenthegame____20____.Alloftheboystriedtheirbesttoclimbashighastheycould.____21____theyallmadeithalfwayupthetreebeforeDaviddid,hereachedthetopofthetreefastestintheend.Hismotherwashappy____22____this.Sheaskedhim,“David,howdidyoutrytoreachthetopofthetreeso____23____?”“Itwaseasy,”Davidsaid.“Theotherchildrenkeptlookingdownastheyclimbed.Whentheyrealizedhowhightheywere,theygotscared____24____wereafraidoffallingdown.I,however,lookedonlyup.WhenIsawhowcloseIwas,I____25____goinghigherandhigheruntilIreachedthetop.”Itistrueinlifethatifwejustkeepgoingforwardwithoutlookingback,wearemorelikelytoreachourdreams.16．A．interesting B．boring C．important D．difficult17．A．what B．who C．when D．where18．A．putting B．cleaning C．calling D．cheering19．A．to B．a(chǎn)t C．in D．on20．A．started B．ended C．came D．went21．A．Because B．Before C．Although D．Unless22．A．see B．tosee C．seeing D．saw23．A．heavily B．nearly C．slowly D．quickly24．A．a(chǎn)nd B．but C．or D．so25．A．enjoyed B．finished C．kept D．practiced【答案】16．A

17．B

18．D

19．C

20．A

21．C

22．B

23．D

24．A

25．C【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一群男孩子比賽爬樹，最終個(gè)子最矮的David第一個(gè)爬到了樹頂。當(dāng)問到他是如何成功時(shí)，他說因?yàn)槠渌丝偸窍蛳驴?，因而害怕自己?huì)摔下去，只有他一直只抬頭看，這樣就知道離目標(biāo)還有多遠(yuǎn)。16．句意：爬到樹頂一定很有趣！interesting有趣的；boring無聊的；important重要的；difficult困難的。根據(jù)“Theboysthendecidedtoplayagame”可知，決定玩游戲，所以覺得爬到樹頂很有趣，故選A。17．句意：男孩們決定玩?zhèn)€游戲，看誰先爬到樹頂。what什么；who誰；when何時(shí)；where哪里。根據(jù)“...couldclimbtothetopofthetreefirst”可知，是看誰先爬到樹頂，故選B。18．句意：他們的母親就坐在不遠(yuǎn)處，在孩子們玩耍時(shí)給他們打氣。putting放；cleaning打掃；calling打電話；cheering鼓舞。根據(jù)“Theirmothersweresittingnotfaraway,...uptheirchildrenastheyplayed.”可知，是為孩子打氣，cheerup“鼓舞，振奮”，故選D。19．句意：他是小組里最矮的孩子。to到；at在；in在……中；on在……上。根據(jù)“Hewastheshortestchild...thegroup.”可知，此處是“inthegroup”短語，意為“在小組中”，故選C。20．句意：然后比賽開始了。started開始；ended結(jié)束；came來；went去。根據(jù)“Alloftheboystriedtheirbesttoclimbashighastheycould.”可知，比賽開始了，故選A。21．句意：雖然他們都比大衛(wèi)先爬到樹的一半，但最后他最快地到達(dá)了樹頂。Because因?yàn)?；Before在……之前；Although雖然；Unless除非。前后兩句構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，此處用Although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，故選C。22．句意：他的母親看到這一點(diǎn)很高興。see動(dòng)詞原形；tosee動(dòng)詞不定式；seeing現(xiàn)在分詞/動(dòng)名詞；saw過去式。behappytodosth“很高興做某事”，使用動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語，故選B。23．句意：大衛(wèi)，你是怎么這么快就爬到樹頂?shù)?？heavily重地；nearly幾乎；slowly慢地；quickly快地。根據(jù)“hereachedthetopofthetreefastestintheend”可知，大衛(wèi)最快地爬到了樹頂，故選D。24．句意：當(dāng)他們意識(shí)到自己有多高時(shí)，他們很害怕，害怕掉下來。and和；but但是；or或者；so所以?！癵otscared”和“wereafraid”構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，用and連接，故選A。25．句意：當(dāng)我看到自己離山頂有多近時(shí)，我就越爬越高，直到到達(dá)山頂。enjoyed欣賞；finished結(jié)束；kept保持；practiced練習(xí)。根據(jù)“WhenIsawhowcloseIwas,I...goinghigherandhigheruntilIreachedthetop.”可知，大衛(wèi)一直堅(jiān)持爬，“keepdoingsth繼續(xù)做某事”符合語境，故選C。四、閱讀理解Inlife,manypeoplearealwaysreadytohelpothersandtheyaskfornothinginreturn.Wecallthosepeoplevolunteers.Butwhydotheydothat?Readon.Volunteeringisgoodforyourresume.Yourexperienceofbeingavolunteergivestheinterviewer（面試者）aclearerpictureofwhoyouare.Accordingtoasurvey,1outof5interviewersintheUSagreedthatvolunteerexperiencewasanimportantreasonforgivingsomeoneajob._________Byvolunteering,youencourage（鼓勵(lì)）otherstomakegoodchanges.Servingfoodatafoodbankandworkingwithteenagersinanafter-schoolactivityarealsogreatexamplestomakeotherslovevolunteering.Meetingpeoplewhohavesimilarinterestsandideasbecomeseasy.Thewaysomeonechoosestospendhisorherfreetimeshowstheperson’svalues（價(jià)值觀）.Sharingthesamevalueswhilehelpingothersisagreatwaytomakenewfriends.Byvolunteering,youwillhavemorefriendsinashorttime.“Doinggood”isimportant.Everydaywemaywatchorhearsadnewsandstories.However,volunteeringisagoodwaytomaketheworldabetterplace.Evenasimplethingcanmakeadifference.Ifwealljointogether,thosesimplethingscanadduptoabigchange!Volunteeringisneverdifficult.Thereisalwaysagroupforyou.Tofindtherightgrouptojoin,youjustneedtousetheInternet.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resume”mean?A．審查 B．筆記 C．表演 D．簡(jiǎn)歷27．Whichofthefollowingcanbeputbackintotheblank?A．Volunteeringmakeschildrenmoreoutgoing. B．Beingavolunteersetsagoodexampleforothers.C．Makingotherpeoplelovevolunteeringiseasy. D．Therewon'tbegoodchangeswithoutvolunteering.28．Whatcanyoudowhenyouvolunteeraccordingtothepassage?A．Listentoothervolunteers’badnewsandstories. B．Askothervolunteerstomakegoodchangeseveryday.C．Meetsomevolunteerswiththesamevaluesasyou. D．Makeothervolunteershavemorenewfriendsinashorttime.29．What’sthestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)）ofthispassage?A．①/②③④⑤/⑥ B．①②/③④/⑤⑥ C．①/②③④/⑤⑥ D．①②③/④⑤/⑥30．What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Wheretovolunteer B．Howpeoplevolunteer C．Popularvolunteerjobs D．Whypeoplevolunteer【答案】26．D

27．B

28．C

29．A

30．D【分析】本文主要介紹了做志愿者幫助別人的好處。26．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Yourexperienceofbeingavolunteergivestheinterviewer（面試者）aclearerpictureofwhoyouare”可知，志愿活動(dòng)對(duì)你的簡(jiǎn)歷很有幫助，所以resume表示“簡(jiǎn)歷”，故選D。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Byv