高中英語2024屆高考語法復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句知識講解

高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句知識講解一、與定語從句區(qū)別它們的性質(zhì)不同，一個是名詞，而另一個是形容詞性。名詞性從句是獨(dú)立的，而定語從句必須要依附先行詞（相當(dāng)于寄身蟲）。有時名詞性從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成定語從句（必須加先行詞）。比如：Whathesaid=Thethingsthathesaid二、構(gòu)成構(gòu)成一個名詞性從句就像是對一個陳述句進(jìn)行特殊疑問句的提問，只不過不顛倒語序，如：Hesaidsomething.Whathesaid（名詞性從句）Whatdidhesay?（特殊疑問句）三、分類（-）根據(jù)從句在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句四種。（二）根據(jù)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：.連接詞：that,whether,if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）.連接代詞：who,what,which,whose,whoever,whichever,whomever,whatever.連接副詞：where,when,why,how（howmuch,howlong***）,wherever,whenever,however.主語從句【例句】Thatpriceswillgoupiscertain.=Itiscertainthatpriceswillgoup.Howyoutravelmeansthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Whetherwegobytrainorbyboatmakesnodifference.Whowillwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whatsurprisedusisthathelostinthegame.Whatheleftuswasalargesumofmoney.Whenhewillbebackdependsontheweather.Wherewelivedoesn'tmatter.Howthepyramidswerebuiltwasstillamystery.Wateverhedidisright.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.Whicheveryouwantisyours.【注意點(diǎn)】That引導(dǎo)的主語從句中，that不能省略。主語從句可以用it來做形式主語，然后把從句放在主句之后，使句子更平衡。如例句第1,3,4,8,9.【主謂一致】.只有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句，謂語用單數(shù)Howandwhenlanguagebeganisamystery..含有兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并列出現(xiàn)于主語從句時，用復(fù)數(shù)Howhe'sgotthecarandwhetheritisnewarenotknownyet.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語隨表語變Whatyouneedismorepractice.Whatyouneedarethebooksonthedesk.2.賓語從句動詞+賓語從句Wehopethatyouwillenjoyyourstayhere.Tellmewhyyoudon'tlikeschool.介詞+賓語從句Don,taskaboutwhatthemeetingisfor.Oursuccessdependson/uponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.注意：介詞后不用跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如要跟，必須加形式賓語itPleaseseetoitthatyoufinishtheworkintime.I'msure(ofit)thattheywonthegame.形容詞+賓語從句Wearecertainthatthisistrue.I'mafraidthatIcan,thelpyou.Hewasn'tsurewhetherheoughttolaughorcry.動詞+it+從句(it沒有任何意義)Ihearditthathehadgoneabroad.Ihateitwhenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthfull.Iappreciateditverymuchthathehaddonemeafavor.★主語+謂語+形式賓語it+賓補(bǔ)+賓語從句，常見動詞有think,feel,find,make,consider,supposeTfeelitaterriblethingthatThavetogetupsoearly.Itookitforgrantedthatyouwouldstaywithus.Theykeptitquietthathewasdead.注意點(diǎn)1that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，that可被省略2demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest在主句中，賓語從句要用虛擬語氣Isuggestthatallthestudents(should)bepresent.3think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，要將否定詞移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定形式1don'tthinkhecandobetterthanme..表語從句可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。Thereasonwasthathedicin'tworkhard.NewYorkisnolongerwhatitwastenyearsago.That,swhatmakeshimanexcellentconductor.Thatiswhyheturnedmedown.Thebookiswhereyouleftit.Thisiswhereyouarewrong.Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthemajorityofthepeople.注意點(diǎn)1that引導(dǎo)表語從句時that不能省略2若主句中有諸如demand,insist,order,request,require,suggest的詞或其名詞形式,表語從句要使用虛擬語氣Hissuggestionisthatweshouldarriveheretenminutesearlier.3表原因可說That'swhy…That'sbecause…Thereasonisthat….同位語從句(1)與先行詞同位或同等的從句稱為同位語從句，具體說明先行詞的內(nèi)容。同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句usageandexample同位語從句對于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)1.Heacceptedthe2.Shecametothe1.Heacceptedthe2.Shecametothe3.Ihavenodoubt4.Doyouhaveanyideaswherewecangetcheapersecondhandcar?.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.(2)注意點(diǎn)☆同位語前的先行詞通常為news,fact,doubt,conclusion,hope,decision,belief,promise,truth,report,idea,possibi1ity,opinion,proof,message,impression,evidence,feeling,thought,story,order等等☆用正常的陳述語氣☆有時與前面的先行詞分開Wordcamethattheenemieshadgottohefootofthemountain.Hisdreamcametruethathewouldbecomeaworldfamousfootballer.★同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句中that只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，定語從句中that是關(guān)系代詞，除了連接主句與從句外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語Thisisthetruththathetoldme.定語從句Thisisthetruththatheistherightmanforthejob.同位語從句同位語從句中先行詞去掉后不影響句子的理解；而定語從句先行詞不能去掉。Ibelievethefactthathewashonest.=Ibelievethathewashonest.Ibelievethefacthethoughttobetrue.Ibelievehethoughttobetrue,同位語從句中先行詞是表示抽象概念的詞，而定語從句中的先行詞可以是表抽象或具體概念的詞同位語從句中的that不能省略，而定語從句中的that在從句中作賓語時可省略四、注意點(diǎn)Lit引導(dǎo)主語從句和As引導(dǎo)定語從句區(qū)別這兩種形式主要區(qū)別在于as結(jié)構(gòu)有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號“，”號，而It和that連用，比較下面兩個句子:Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.Ttisknowntoallthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.Whatever,whichever的形容詞的用法Readwhicheverbookyoufindinteresting.Whateverclothesyouwearareverysuitable.副詞whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句Whatever(=nomatterwhat)yourproblemsare,theycan'tbeworsethanmine.Whoever(=nomatterwho)laughsatyou,Iwillstandbyyou.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youmaytake,I'mnotinterestedinit.Compare:名詞性從句中不能用nomatterwh-轉(zhuǎn)化wh-cverWhoeversayssoisaliar.Whoevermaysayso,itisalie.Hecaresaboutwhatevershesays.Whatevershesays,hecaresaboutit.that的省略情況that在單個的賓語從句可省略。特別注意的是主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和并列的賓語從句第二個that開始都不能省。whether和if區(qū)別這一點(diǎn)其實(shí)不用記，如果要分辨whether和if的名詞性從句時，都選whether.whether可引導(dǎo)賓語、主語、表語、同位語從句，而if只引導(dǎo)賓語從句。.在賓語從句中whether可與or(not)與連用，而if不能.whether可與todo連用，而if不能.whether可用在介詞之后，而if不能Whether和that用法區(qū)