AModestProposal一個溫和的建議雙語閱讀

-.z.AModestProposal〔一個溫和的建議〕[1]ItisamelancholyObjecttothose,whowalkthroughthisgreatTown,

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ortravelintheCountry,whentheyseetheStreets,theRoads,andCabin-Doors,crowdedwithBeggarsofthefemaleSe*,followedbythree,four,orsi*Children,allinRags,andimportuningeveryPassengerforanAlms.對于走過這座大城市，或在鄉(xiāng)間旅行的人，他們看到的這些景象真是悲涼：街上、馬路上、茅屋擠滿了女乞丐，后面跟著三個、四個或六個衣衫襤褸的孩子，向每個路人強要施舍。TheseMothersinsteadofbeingabletoworkfortheirhonestlivelihood,areforcedtoemployalltheirtimeinStrolling,tobegSustenancefortheirhelplessInfants,who,astheygrowupeitherturnThievesforwantofwork,orleavetheirdearnativeCountrytofightforthePretenderinSpain,

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orsellthemselvestotheBarbadoes.這些母親無法靠老實勞動謀生，被迫終日游蕩去養(yǎng)活那些無助的孩子，這些孩子長大后要么因找不到工作而淪為小偷，要么背井離鄉(xiāng)去為西班牙那個覬覦王位者賣命，也許還會賣身到巴巴多斯。[2]IthinkitisagreedbyallParties,thatthisprodigiousnumberofChildren,intheArms,orontheBacks,orattheheelsoftheirMothers,andfrequentlyoftheirFathers,isinthepresentdeplorablestateoftheKingdomaverygreatadditionalgrievance;我想所有的黨派人士〔各方面〕都會同意，這些母親〔有時常常是父親〕懷中抱著、背上背著以及身后跟著的數(shù)量如此多的孩子，在王國可悲的現(xiàn)狀下，將是一個平添民怨的災難。andthereforewhoevercouldfindoutafair,cheapandeasymethodofmakingtheseChildrensoundandusefulMembersofthemon-wealthwoulddeservesowellofthepublic,astohavehisStatuesetupforapreserveroftheNation.如果誰能想出一個簡單易行的方法讓這些孩子成為國家的健全有用之才，他將值得公眾為他樹立雕像，尊他為保國英雄。[3]ButmyIntentionisveryfarfrombeingconfinedtoprovideonlyfortheChildrenofprofessedbeggars,itisofamuchgreatere*tent,andshalltakeinthewholenumberofInfantsatacertainAge,whoarebornofParentsineffectaslittleabletosupportthem,asthosewhodemandourCharityintheStreets.然而我的目的遠不止限于救治那些公開宣稱的乞丐的孩子，我所說的圍要大得多，包括所有那些在*個年代出生，其父母與那些在街上要求我們大發(fā)慈悲的乞丐一樣，無力養(yǎng)活他們的幼兒。[4]Astomyownpart,havingturnedmythoughtsformanyYears,uponthisimportantSubject,andmaturelyweighedtheseveralSchemesofotherProjectors,

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Ihavealwaysfoundthemgrosslymistakenintheirputation..至于我自己，我醞釀這個想法已有多年，也曾和其他提出方案的人充分地權(quán)衡過幾個方案，但總是發(fā)現(xiàn)他們在計算時犯了極大的錯誤。ItistrueaChild,justdroptfromit'sDam,

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maybesupportedbyherMilk,foraSolaryearwithlittleotherNourishment,atmostnotabovetheValueoftwoShillings,whichtheMothermaycertainlyget,ortheValueinScraps,byherlawfulOccupationofbegging,anditise*actlyatoneyearOldthatIproposetoprovideforthem,insuchamanner,as,insteadofbeingaChargeupontheirParents,ortheParish,

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orwanting

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FoodandRaimentfortherestoftheirLives,theyshall,ontheContrary,contributetotheFeedingandpartlytotheClothingofmanyThousands.確實，一個初生的嬰兒在第一年里也許只需母乳而不用其他營養(yǎng)品，費用頂多不超過兩先令，或不超過乞討所得的殘羹剩飯的價值。這兩先令他們的母親通過合法的乞討肯定能掙到的。為了使他們不再成為父母或其所在教區(qū)的負擔，也無需在余生要吃要穿，我提議，在正好一歲的時候，他們反而應該為成千上萬的人的食物，局部也可以作為衣物。[5]ThereislikewiseanothergreatAdvantageinmyScheme,thatitwillpreventthosevoluntaryAbortions,andthathorridpracticeofWomenmurderingtheirBastardChildren,alas,toofrequentamongus,SacrificingthepoorinnocentBabes,Idoubt,

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moretoavoidtheE*pense,thantheShame,whichwouldmoveTearsandPityinthemostSavageandinhumanbreast.我的方案也有另外一個很大的好處,它能使婦女自愿墮胎和可怕的殺嬰行為就此絕跡。唉，這種現(xiàn)象在我們之中太普遍了，我疑心〔她們〕犧牲那些無辜的嬰兒與其說是為了逃避恥辱，不如說是為了逃避撫養(yǎng)的代價。即使是最無情最沒人性的人，對此也將一灑同情之淚。[6]ThenumberofSoulsinthisKingdombeingusuallyreckonedoneMillionandahalf,OftheseIcalculatetheremaybeabouttwohundredthousandCouplewhoseWivesarebreeders,fromwhichnumberISubtractthirtyThousandCouples,whoareabletomaintaintheirownChildren,althoughIapprehend

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therecannotbesomany,underthepresentdistressesoftheKingdom,butthisbeinggranted,therewillremainanhundredandseventythousandBreeders.這個王國的人口數(shù)量大概總計為一百五十萬，在其中我估計有二十萬對夫婦妻子尚能生育，從這個數(shù)目里我減去三千對有能力撫養(yǎng)孩子的夫婦——雖然我知道在王國現(xiàn)今十分窘迫，不可能有這么多——確定之后，就剩下十七萬能夠生育的婦女。IagainSubtractfiftyThousandforthoseWomenwhomiscarry,orwhoseChildrendiebyaccidentordiseasewithintheYear.我再減去五萬流產(chǎn)的或孩子在一年死于意外和疾病的婦女。ThereonlyremainanhundredandtwentythousandChildrenofpoorParentsannuallyborn.現(xiàn)在實際出生的貧困家庭孩子只余十二萬。Thequestionthereforeis,Howthisnumbershallberearedandprovidedfor,which,asIhavealreadysaid,underthepresentSituationofAffairs,isutterlyimpossiblebyallthemethodshithertoproposed.所以問題是如何撫養(yǎng)這么多的孩子，這個我之前已經(jīng)說過，在目前的條件下，迄今所提的方案無一能解決。ForwecanneitheremploytheminHandicraft,orAgriculture;weneitherbuildHouses,(ImeanintheCountry)norcultivateLand.

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因為我們既不能雇他們從事手工業(yè)，也不可能雇他們從事農(nóng)業(yè)；我們不建造房屋〔我指的是在農(nóng)村〕，也不用開拓耕地。TheycanveryseldompickupaLivelyhoodbyStealinguntiltheyarriveatsi*yearsOld,e*ceptwheretheyareoftowardlyparts,

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although,IconfesstheylearntheRudimentsmuchearlier;duringwhichtimetheycanhoweverbeproperlylookedupononlyasProbationers,asIhavebeeninformedbyaprincipalGentlemanintheCountyofCavan,whoprotestedtome,thatheneverknewaboveoneortwoInstancesundertheAgeofsi*,eveninapartoftheKingdomsorenownedforthequickestproficiencyinthatArt.這些孩子在六歲之前幾乎不可能靠小偷小摸自討生計，除非在那些他們有望拉幫抱團的地方。我成認，他們很早前就開場入門，但在這段期間他們只能被看作見習小偷。我從卡文郡一個數(shù)一數(shù)二的縉紳那里得知此中情，他曾對我斷言，在這么一個因?qū)δ情T藝術掌握得最迅速最熟練而聞名的王國里，他從沒聽說過哪個地方有小于六歲的小偷的一兩個事例。[7]IamassuredbyourMerchants,thataBoyorGirl,beforetwelveyearsOld,isnosaleablemodity,andevenwhentheyetothisAge,theywillnotyieldabovethreePounds,orthreePoundsandhalfaCrownatmostontheE*change,whichcannotturntoAccounteithertotheParentsortheKingdom,theChargeofNutrimentsandRagshavingbeenatleastfourtimesthatValue.我從我們的商人那里得到確證，十二歲前的男孩或女孩作為商品并不適合銷售，即使他們到了十二歲，他們的利潤也不會多于三鎊，最多通過交易獲利三鎊五先令，可這并不能補償他們的父母，也不能補償王國，他們吃過的營養(yǎng)品和穿過的衣物的錢至少是這些的四倍。[8]Ishallnowthereforehumblyproposemyownthoughts,whichIhopewillnotbeliabletotheleastObjection.因此，我謹此提出我的想法，希望不至遭到任何反對。[9]IhavebeenassuredbyaveryknowingAmericanofmyacquaintanceinLondon,thatayounghealthyChildwellNursedisatayearOld,amostdelicious,nourishing,andwholesomeFood,whetherStewed,Roasted,Baked,orBoiled,andImakenodoubtthatitwillequallyserveinaFricassee,orRagout.

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我在倫敦的一個深知情的美國朋友向我證實，一個年輕安康、營養(yǎng)良好的孩子在一歲的時候是味道最美、營養(yǎng)最正確、最有益安康的食品，燜、烤、焙、煮皆無不可；而我也確信無論做成燉重汁肉丁和蔬菜燉肉，他們都一樣美味可口。[10]Idothereforehumblyofferittopublicconsideration,thatofthehundredandtwentythousandChildren,alreadyputed,twentythousandmaybereservedforBreed,whereofonlyonefourthparttobeMales,whichismorethanweallowtoSheep,blackCattle,orSwine,andmyreasonis,thattheseChildrenareseldomtheFruitsofMarriage,aCircumstancenotmuchregardedbyourSavages,therefore,oneMalewillbesufficienttoservefourFemales.因此我謹將其提交公眾考慮：上面統(tǒng)計過的十二萬名兒童，兩萬也許將留于飼養(yǎng)，其中男性只需四分之一——這已經(jīng)比豬牛羊的比例大了——我的理由是：這些孩子不是婚姻的產(chǎn)物，我們的粗人也不會計較這些，因此一男足配四女。ThattheremaininghundredthousandmayatayearOldbeofferedinSaletothepersonsofQuality,

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andFortune,throughtheKingdom,alwaysadvisingtheMothertoletthemSuckplentifullyinthelastMonth,soastorenderthemPlumpandFatforagoodTable.剩下的十萬名在滿一周歲時可以賣給國有權(quán)有勢的人，要總叮囑母親在他們最后一個月讓他們喝飽奶，把他們養(yǎng)得圓圓胖胖，好作成美味佳肴。AChildwillmaketwoDishesatanEntertainmentforFriends,andwhentheFamilydinesalone,theforeorhindQuarterwillmakeareasonableDish,andseasonedwithalittlePepperorSaltwillbeverygoodBoiledonthefourthDay,especiallyinWinter.在招待朋友的筵席上，一個孩子可以做成兩道菜，家庭聚餐的話，孩子的前后腿的四分之一已經(jīng)可以作為一道好菜了，如果加點胡椒粉和鹽放上四天再煮，味道將更好，尤其是在冬天。[11]IhavereckoneduponaMedium,thataChildjustbornwillweigh12pounds,andinasolarYeariftolerablynursedincreasethto28Pounds.我算過，一個剛出生的孩子重十二磅，照料得好的話一年以后就可增至二十八磅。[12]Igrantthisfoodwillbesomewhatdear,

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andthereforeveryproperforLandlords,

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who,astheyhavealreadydevouredmostoftheParents,seemtohavethebestTitletotheChildren.我成認這種食物多少有點昂貴，所以非常適合地主們食用，他們已經(jīng)榨干了孩子的父母，似乎也最有資格吃掉孩子。[13]Infant'sfleshwillbeinSeasonthroughouttheYear,butmoreplentifulinMarch,andalittlebeforeandafter.幼兒的嫩肉一年四時當令，但在三月及前后供給最為充足。ForwearetoldbyagraveAuthor

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aneminentFrenchphysician,thatFishbeingaprolificDiet,therearemoreChildrenborninRomanCatholicCountriesaboutnineMonthsafterLent,thanatanyotherSeason;thereforereckoningaYearafterLent,theMarketswillbemoregluttedthanusual,becausetheNumberofPopishInfants,isatleastthreetooneinthisKingdom;andthereforeitwillhaveoneotherCollateraladvantagebylesseningtheNumberofPapistsamongus.一位嚴肅的作家——著名的法國科醫(yī)生告訴我們，由于魚是促進生育的食物，在信仰羅馬天主教國家里，出生在四旬齋后九個月后的孩子要比別的時節(jié)多。因此估計四旬節(jié)過后一年，市場上嬰兒肉的供給將比平常充足，因為這個王國里天主教嬰兒的數(shù)量至少是三比一。所以這個方案還有一個附帶的好處，就是可以減少天主教嬰兒的數(shù)量。[14]IhavealreadyputedtheChargeofnursingaBeggar’sChild(inwhichlistIreckonallCottagers,Labourers,andfourfifthsoftheFarmers)tobeabouttwoShillingsperAnnum,Ragsincluded;andIbelievenoGentlemanwouldrepinetogiveTenShillingsfortheCarcassofagoodfatChild,which,asIhavesaidwillmakefourDishesofe*cellentNutritiveMeat,whenhehathonlysomeparticularfriend,orhisownFamilytoDinewithhim.我已經(jīng)算過，照料一個乞丐孩子的費用〔我把所有的佃農(nóng)、勞工和五分之四的農(nóng)民都算進去〕每年大約要兩先令，包括衣物；我相信沒有一個紳士會對花十先令買一個優(yōu)質(zhì)多肉的嬰兒的軀體有任何意見，我之前已經(jīng)說過，一個嬰兒可以做成四道營養(yǎng)豐富的菜肴，如果他只有一些特別嘉賓、或只是和家人用餐的話。ThustheSquirewilllearntobeagoodLandlord,andgrowpopularamonghisTenants,theMotherwillhaveEightShillingsneatprofit,andbefitforWorktillsheproducethanotherChild.這樣，鄉(xiāng)紳們都會成為好地主，并受到佃戶們的親愛，母親們將有八先令的凈利潤，在生出下一胎之前還可以出外打工。[15]Thosewhoaremorethrifty(asImustconfesstheTimesrequire)mayflaytheCarcass;theSkinofwhich,Artificially

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dressed,willmakeadmirableGlovesforLadies,andSummerBootsforfineGentlemen.那些比擬注重節(jié)約的紳士〔我必須說明這是時代所需〕可以剝下嬰尸的皮，經(jīng)過加工，這些皮可以制成極好的女用手套和紳士穿的夏季長靴。[16]AstoourCityofDublin,Shambles

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maybeappointedforthispurposeinthemostconvenientpartsofit,andButcherswemaybeassuredwillnotbewanting,althoughIratherremendbuyingtheChildrenalive,anddressingthemhotfromtheKnife,aswedoroastingPigs.至于在我們的都柏林城，屠宰場可以借便承當這項任務，我們將保證屠夫不會緊缺，雖然我建議大家還是買活的嬰兒，在家用刀活生生地把他剝皮更好，就像我們對烤豬一樣。[17]AveryworthyPerson,atrueLoverofhisCountry,andwhoseVirtuesIhighlyesteem,waslatelypleased,indiscoursingonthismatter,toofferarefinementuponmyScheme.一位十分可敬的人——他是一個真正的愛國者，我對他的德行十分敬重——最近在這件事的討論上，十分愿意根據(jù)我的方案再加改良。Hesaid,thatmanyGentlemenofthisKingdom,havingoflatedestroyedtheirDeer,heconceivedthatthewantofVenisonmightbewellsuppliedbytheBodiesofyoungLadsandMaidens,note*ceedingfourteenYearsofAge,norundertwelve;sogreataNumberofbothSe*esineveryCountybeingnowreadytoStarve,forwantofWorkandService:AndthesetobedisposedofbytheirParentsifalive,orotherwisebytheirnearestRelations.他說，近來這個王國的許多紳士畋獵無度導致野鹿絕跡。他設想對鹿肉的需求可以由十四周歲以下、十二周歲以上的童男童女的肉來填補。眼下在每個國家里，這個年齡段的童男童女快餓死的、找工作的、要服役的數(shù)不勝數(shù)。他們的父母〔如果還活著的話〕或最近親的人早就想這么做了。Butwithduedeferencetosoe*cellentafriend,andsodeservingaPatriot,IcannotbealtogetherinhisSentiments,forastotheMales,myAmericanacquaintanceassuredmefromfrequentE*perience,thattheirfleshwasgenerallyToughandLean,likethatofourSchool-boys,bycontinuale*ercise,andtheirTastedisagreeable,andtoFattenthemwouldnotanswertheCharge.一個這么優(yōu)秀的朋友，這么值得褒獎的愛國者，我本應當聽從他的意見，可我不能完全站在他的立場，因為我的美國朋友告訴我，根據(jù)他豐富的經(jīng)歷，男性由于經(jīng)?；顒樱庖话阌钟灿质?，像我們的小學生一樣，而且味道也很糟，養(yǎng)肥之后賣出去也抵不回這期間的費用。ThenastotheFemales,itwould,Ithink,withhumbleSubmission,bealosstothePublic,becausetheysoonwouldbeeBreedersthemselves:AndbesidesitisnotimprobablethatsomescrupulousPeoplemightbeapttoCensuresuchaPractice,(althoughindeedveryunjustly)asalittleborderinguponCruelty,which,Iconfess,hathalwaysbeenwithmethestrongestobjectionagainstanyProject,howwellsoeverintended.至于女性，我認為，雖然她們天性順從，但這對公眾也仍是一筆損失，因為她們很快便要成為哺乳者。除此，一些自命善良的人也有可能對此提出非難〔盡管這是十分不公正的〕，說這個方案有失殘忍。對于我而言，這種抗議總是最義憤填膺地針對任何方案，無論這種方案多么好。[18]Butinordertojustifymyfriend,heconfessed,thatthise*pedientwasputintohisheadbythefamousPsallmanazor,

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aNativeoftheIslandFormosa,whocamefromthencetoLondon,abovetwentyYearsago,andinConversationtoldmyfriend,thatinhisCountrywhenanyyoungPersonhappenedtobeputtoDeath,theE*ecutionersoldtheCarcasstoPersonsofQuality,asaprimeDainty,andthat,inhisTime,theBodyofaplumpGirloffifteen,whowascrucifiedforanattempttoPoisontheEmperor,wassoldtohisImperialMajesty'sprimeMinisterofState,andothergreatMandarins

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oftheCourt,inJointsfromtheGibbet,

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atfourhundredCrowns.為了證明自己，我的朋友坦言，這個權(quán)宜之計是那著名的島公民Psallmanazor灌輸給他的，此人二十多年前從去到倫敦，在一次談話中他告訴我的朋友，在他的國家，年輕人被處死時，其軀體的肉會被劊子手賣給有權(quán)勢的人作為一種上等的美食。在他那時還有一個十五歲的胖姑娘意謀弒君，被釘死在十字架上，絞架上的大塊肉以四百克朗的價錢賣給了帝國最權(quán)威的宰相以及朝廷的其他王公大臣。NeitherindeedcanIdeny,thatifthesameuseweremadeofseveralplumpyoungGirlsinthisTown,who,withoutonesingleGroat

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totheirFortunes,cannotstirabroadwithoutaChair,

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andappearataPlay-House,andAssembliesinForeignfineries,whichtheyneverwillPayfor;theKingdomwouldnotbetheworse.確實，我兩者都不能否認：如果這個城市里那些年輕的胖姑娘也被如此處理的話——這些身無分文的小姐沒有轎子就絕不踏出家門一步，在劇場招搖，身著外國綢緞〔她們永遠不會為此掏一點錢〕聚集成群——我們的王國就不會每況愈下了。[19]SomePersonsofadespondingSpiritareingreatconcernaboutthatvastNumberofpoorPeople,whoareaged,diseased,ormaimed,andIhavebeendesiredtoemploymythoughtswhatCoursemaybetakentoeasetheNationofsogrievousanencumbrance.一些心灰意冷的人對數(shù)目龐大的窮苦人民感到擔憂，這些人老的老，病的病，殘的殘，我極其渴望運用我的才智讓我們的國家采取措施去除這些令人憂心的累贅。ButIamnotintheleastpainuponthatmatter,becauseitisverywellknown,thattheyareeveryDaydying,androtting,bycold,andfamine,andfilth,andvermin,asfastascanbereasonablye*pected.我并非對此毫無惻隱，眾所周知，他們每天都在垂死、腐爛，為饑餓寒冷所迫，與塵菌蟲鼠為伍，快得正如可以合理地預料的那樣。AndastotheyoungerLabourers,theyarenowinalmostashopefulaCondition.那些年輕的勞動者，他們現(xiàn)在幾乎也和那樣老弱病殘一樣可悲。TheycannotgetWork,andconsequentlypineawayfromwantofNourishmenttoadegreethatifatanytimetheyareaccidentallyhiredtomonLabour,theyhavenotstrengthtoperformit,andthustheCountryandthemselvesarehappilydeliveredfromtheEvilstoe.他們找不到工作，如果由于*個偶然的時機他們被招為一個低賤的勞工，他們也沒有力氣做好，最終由于營養(yǎng)缺乏而形如槁木，國家和他們自己都十分快樂因此擺脫了厄運。[20]Ihavetoolongdigressed,andthereforeshallreturntomysubject.IthinktheadvantagesbytheProposalwhichIhavemadeareobviousandmany,aswellasofthehighestimportance.我扯得太遠，還是回到正題吧。我認為我的提議有眾多明顯的好處，而且包含極端的重要性。[21]Forfirst,asIhavealreadyobserved,itwouldgreatlylessentheNumberofPapists,withwhomweareYearlyover-run,beingtheprincipalBreedersoftheNation,aswellasourmostdangerousEnemies,andwhostayathomeonpurposewithadesigntodelivertheKingdomtothePretender,hopingtotaketheirAdvantagebytheabsenceofsomanygoodProtestants,

24

whohavechosenrathertoleavetheirCountry,thanstayathome,andpayTithesagainsttheirConscience,toanidolatrousEpiscopalCurate.首先，正如我已經(jīng)認識到的，方案將會大減少天主教徒的數(shù)量，他們每年都在侵占我們的地盤，已經(jīng)成了國家的主要生育者，而且也是我們最危險的敵人。他們成心留守家園，趁著眾多新教徒不在的時候——新教徒們出于良心，寧愿離鄉(xiāng)也不愿向主教的助理牧師繳納什一稅——圖謀把王國獻給那個覬覦王位的人。[22]Secondly,thepoorerTenantswillhavesomethingvaluableoftheirown,whichbyLawmaybemadeliabletoDistress,

25

andhelptopaytheirLandlord'sRent,theirCornandCattlebeingalreadyseized,andMoneyathingunknown.其次，許多貧困的佃戶將因此有自己的值錢的東西，可在法律上可充當?shù)盅浩罚靡詢敻兜刂鞯淖饨?。他們的莊稼和牲畜早已被沒收，而錢根本毫無著落。[23]Thirdly,WhereastheMaintenanceofanhundredthousandChildren,fromtwoYearsold,andupwards,cannotbeputedatlessthanTenShillingsapieceperAnnum,theNation'sStockwillbetherebyincreasedfiftythousandpoundsperAnnum,besidestheprofitofanewDish,introducedtotheTablesofallGentlemenofFortuneintheKingdom,whohaveanyrefinementinTaste.第三，供養(yǎng)十萬兩歲和兩歲以上的兒童，每人每年的花費不會少于十先令，因此，除了國所有食不厭精的富紳們的飯桌可添加一碟新鮮菜肴外，國庫每年也將有五萬英鎊的額外收入。AndtheMoneywillcirculateamongourselves,theGoodsbeingentirelyofourownGrowthandManufacture.而且這筆錢將在我們之間流通，貨品也完全由我們自產(chǎn)自制。[24]Fourthly,TheconstantBreeders,besidesthegainofEightShillingsSterlingperAnnum,bytheSaleoftheirChildren,willberidoftheChargeofmaintainingthemafterthefirstYear.第四，那些常年生育的婦女，除了每年賣孩子可以拿到八個先令的錢外，也能在第一年后免去撫養(yǎng)的負擔。[25]Fifthly,thisfoodwouldlikewisebringgreatCustomtoTaverns,wheretheVintnerswillcertainlybesoprudentastoprocurethebestreceipts

26

fordressingittoperfection,andconsequentlyhavetheirHousesfrequentedbyallthefineGentlemen,whojustlyvaluethemselvesupontheirknowledgeingoodEating,andaskillfulCook,whounderstandshowtoobligehisGuestswillcontrivetomakeitase*pensiveastheyplease.第五，這些食品還可為酒館招徠大批主顧。酒館老板必將小心精明地搜尋最好的食譜，從而使自己的酒館成為那些自命美食家的富紳們頻頻光臨之所；熟知顧客心理的手藝高超的廚師，也將把它做成一道闊氣的菜肴，以滿足顧客所好。[26]Si*thly,ThiswouldbeagreatInducementtoMarriage,whichallwiseNationshaveeitherencouragedbyRewards,orenforcedbyLawsandPenalties.第六，這對促進婚姻也有誘導作用。一切明智的國家對婚姻如非通過獎賞來鼓勵，就是通過法律和刑罰來強制實行。ItwouldincreasethecareandtendernessofMotherstowardstheirChildren,whentheyweresureofaSettlementforLifetothepoorBabes,providedinsomesortbythePublic,totheirAnnualprofitinsteadofE*pense.此舉將增進母親對孩子的關愛和呵護，她們的孩子每年將受到公家*種形式的救助，她們不用再為孩子花銷，還可以獲得收益。WeshouldsoonseeanhonestEmulationamongthemarriedwomen,whichofthemcouldbringthefattestChildtotheMarket.我們很便可看到已婚婦女中的老實競爭，看誰能養(yǎng)出最胖的孩子送到市場去。MenwouldbeeasfondoftheirWives,duringtheTimeoftheirPregnancy,astheyarenowoftheirMaresinFoal,theirCowsinCalf,orSowswhentheyarereadytoFarrow,noroffertoBeatorKickthem(asistoofrequentapractice)forfearofaMiscarriage.在女人懷孕期間，男人們也會十分保護她們的妻子，就像他們現(xiàn)在保護懷著馬駒的母馬，保護懷著牛犢的母牛，保護即將臨盆的母豬一樣，他們不會對她們?nèi)蚰_踢〔這種情況平時很普遍〕，怕造成流產(chǎn)。[27]Manyotheradvantagesmightbeenumerated.我還可以列舉其他好處。ForInstance,theadditionofsomethousandCarcassesinoure*portationofBarreledBeef,ThePropagationofSwine’sFlesh,andImprovementintheArtofmakinggoodBacon,somuchwantedamongusbythegreatdestructionofPigs,toofrequentatourTables,whicharenowayparableinTaste,orMagnificencetoawell-grown,fatYearlingChild,whichRoastedwholewillmakeaconsiderableFigureataLordMayor'sFeast,oranyotherPublicEntertainment.例如，豬的大量死亡導致我們有了如此多的需求：我們出口的桶裝牛肉里需增加幾千頭牛，豬肉產(chǎn)量需要提高，制腌肉的手藝也需要改良，但這些在我們的餐桌上太常見了，其色澤味道怎么也比不上那些安康多肉的一歲幼兒。在地方之長的筵席上，或其他公共宴會上，他們整個可以烤出多么誘人的形狀啊。Butthis,andmanyothersIomitbeingstudiousofBrevity.但為了不耽誤各位的時間，我把這些和許多其他的都省去了。[28]SupposingthatonethousandFamiliesinthisCity,wouldbeconstantCustomersforInfantsFlesh,besidesotherswhomighthaveitatMerry-meetings,particularlyatWeddingsandChristenings,IputethatDublinwouldtakeoffAnnuallyabouttwentythousandCarcasses,andtherestoftheKingdom(whereprobablytheywillbeSoldsomewhatCheaper)theremainingeightythousand.假設我們城市的那一千個家庭都成為幼兒肉的長期消費者，不算那些在歡慶會——尤其是在婚宴和洗禮會上的，我算得都柏林每年將賣出兩千具童尸，王國的其他地方〔那些地方也許會賣得廉價一點〕可以賣出余下的八千。[29]IcanthinkofnooneObjection,thatwillpossiblyberaisedagainstthisProposal,unlessitshouldbeurged,thattheNumberofPeoplewillbetherebymuchlessenedintheKingdom.我想不到任何可能針對我的方案的反對意見，除非它極導致了這個王國的人口數(shù)量大量減少。ThisIfreelyown,

27

anditwasindeedonePrincipaldesigninofferingittotheWorld.我成認確實有這個意圖，而這正是它對世界的主要奉獻。IdesiretheReaderwillobserve,thatICalculatemyRemedyforthisoneindividualKingdomofIRELAND,andfornootherthateverwas,is,or,Ithink,evercanbeuponEarth.我希望讀者能看到，我提出的這個補救方法只是針對愛爾蘭王國，而不是為了其他任何一個在這個地球上曾經(jīng)存在，或我認為將要存在的國家。Thereforeletnomantalktomeofothere*pedients:

28

Ofta*ingourAbsenteesatfiveShillingsapound:

29

OfusingneitherCloths,norhouseholdFurniture,e*ceptwhatisofourownGrowthandManufacture:OfutterlyrejectingtheMaterialsandInstrumentsthatpromoteForeignLu*ury:OfcuringtheE*pensivenessofPride,Vanity,Idleness,andGaminginourWomen:OfintroducingaVeinofParsimony,PrudenceandTemperance:OflearningtoLoveourCountry,whereinwedifferevenfromLAPLANDERS,andtheInhabitantsofTOPINAMBOO:

30

OfquittingourAnimosities,andFactions,norActanylongerliketheJews,whowereMurderingoneanotherattheverymomenttheirCitywastaken:

31

OfbeingalittleCautiousnottoSellourCountryandConsciencesfornothing:OfteachingLandlordstohaveatleastonedegreeofMercytowardstheirTenants.LastlyofputtingaSpiritofHonesty,IndustryandSkillintoourShop-keepers,who,ifaResolutioncouldnowbetakentoBuyonlyourNativeGoods,wouldimmediatelyunitetoCheatandE*act

32

uponusinthePrice,theMeasure,andtheGoodness,norcouldeveryetbebroughttomakeonefairProposalofjustdealing,thoughoftenandearnestlyinvitedtoit.因此我不許任何人和我談這些權(quán)益之計：向我們那些不在拘留所的人收取每個拘留所五先令的稅款；除了我們自產(chǎn)自制的，不用別的衣物和家具；完全拒用那些宣揚外國式奢侈的物品和器材；糾正女人那些帶來巨大花費的傲慢、虛榮、懶散和賭博之風；大力提倡儉省、審慎、節(jié)欲的風氣；學會愛我們的祖國，我們甚至連拉普蘭人和塔平蘭布的居民都不如；放下仇恨，停頓訌，不要再像猶太人一樣，他們在自己的城市被占領的時候還互相殺戮；小心慎重，別為了一些毫無價值的東西出賣我們的祖國和自己的良心；教誨我們的地主對佃戶存有些許慈悲之心；最后，給開店的人灌輸老實、勤奮和熟巧的觀念，如果人們現(xiàn)在下決心只買國貨，他們會馬上勾結(jié)起來，在價格、尺度和質(zhì)量上欺騙我們和向我們強制推銷，而且，他們決不會提出任何有利公平交易的合理建議，雖然這是我們經(jīng)常熱心提倡的。[30]ThereforeIrepeat,letnoMantalktomeoftheseandthelikeE*pedients,tillhehathatleastaGlimpseofHope,thattherewilleverbesomeheartyandsincereattempttoputthemintoPractice.因此，我再次強調(diào)，在有人發(fā)自心地，真誠地愿意將其付諸實踐之前，誰也不要跟我談這些以及類似的權(quán)宜之計，他至少得瞥見一線希望才可以。[31]Butastomyself,havingbeenweariedoutformanyYearswithofferingvain,idle,visionarythoughts,andatlengthutterlydespairingofSuccess,IfortunatelyfelluponthisProposal,whichasitiswhollynew,soithathsomethingSolidandReal,ofnoE*penseandlittleTrouble,fullinourownPower,andwherebywecanincurnoDangerindisobligingEngland.至于我自己，我常年思考一些無用的、沒有價值的、不切實際的東西，最終對成功已完全絕望，我厭煩透了，很幸運可以開場實踐這個方案。它完全新穎，所以它有可靠和真實的東西在其中，不花什么代價，也不麻煩，完全在我們的能力之，所以也不會從高高掛起的英格蘭那惹禍上身。ForthiskindofmoditywillnotbearE*portation,theFleshbeingoftootenderaConsistence,toadmitalongcontinuanceinSalt,althoughperhapsIcouldnameaCountry,whichwouldbegladtoEatupourwholeNationwithoutit.

33

因為這種商品不能用于出口，它的肉太軟，不能在鹽里保存太久，雖然我或許可以說出一些國家的名字，這些國家不想吃這種肉但很想把我們國家吞掉。[32]AfterallIamnotsoviolentlybentuponmyownOpinion,astorejectanyOffer,proposedbywiseMen,whichshallbefoundequallyInnocent,Cheap,EasyandEffectual.畢竟我也不是則劇烈地傾向我自己的觀點，不至于拒絕其他有智之士提出的建議，只要它們也同樣地無害、省錢、簡易和有效。ButbeforesomethingofthatkindshallbeadvancedinContradictiontomyScheme,andofferingabetter,IdesiretheAuthor,orAuthorswillbepleasedmaturelytoconsidertwopoints.但我希望在提出*些與我的方案相沖突的容和提出更好的建議之前，這個建議者或這些建議者能夠成熟地考慮我兩點意見。First,Asthingsnowstand,howtheywillbeabletofindFoodandRaimentforahundredthousanduselessMouthsandBacks.首先，問題擺在面前，他們?nèi)绾文芙o這十萬個不事勞動的嬰兒找到食物和衣物。AndSecondly,therebeingaroundMillionofCreaturesinhumanFigure,throughoutthisKingdom,whosewholeSubsistenceputintoamonStock,wouldleavetheminDebttwoMillionsofPoundsSterling,addingthosewhoareBeggarsbyProfession,totheBulkofFarmers,CottagersandLabourerswiththeirWivesandChildren,whoareBeggarsinEffect;IdesirethosePoliticians,whodislikemyOverture,andmayperhapsbesoboldtoattemptanAnswer,thattheywillfirstasktheParentsoftheseMortals,whethertheywouldnotatthisDaythinkitagreatHappinesstohavebeensoldforFoodatayearOldinthemannerIprescribe,andtherebyhaveavoidedsuchaperpetualSceneofMisfortunes,astheyhavesincegonethrough,bytheoppressionofLandlords,theImpossibilityofpayingRentwithoutMoneyorTrade,thewantofmonSustenance,withneitherHousenorClothstocoverthemfromInclemenciesofWeather,andthemostinevitableProspectofentailingthelike,orgreaterMiseriesupontheirBreedforever.其次，這個王國有一百萬長著人樣的生物，把他們的全部家當都收在國庫后，他們將負債兩百萬英鎊，加上職業(yè)乞丐、大批的農(nóng)民、佃農(nóng)、勞工〔他們拖家?guī)Э?，本質(zhì)上也是乞丐〕。我希望那些不喜歡我的提議、又十分敢作敢為想找出解決方法的政治家們，先問問這些孩子的父母，今時今日，他們還會不會不認為這是一件幸事：在一歲時以我所提議的方式被當食物賣掉，可以擺脫永久的不幸感，不用像他們遭受過的那樣，被地主壓迫，沒有錢和生意還得繳租〔那簡直是不可能的〕，要維持一般的生計，卻沒有房子也沒有衣物來抵擋惡劣的天氣，更無法逃避把這種同樣的、或更巨大的痛苦世世代代延續(xù)下去的命運。[33]IProfessinthesincerityofmyHeartthatIhavenottheleastper