SAT真題匯編：201811北美及答案

SAT北美真題

2018年11月

Willey的書房

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DIRECTIONS

Eachpassageorpairofpassagesbelowisfollowedbyanumberofquestions.Afterreadingeachpassageorpair,choosethebestanswertoeachquestionbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassageorpassagesandinanyaccompanyinggraphics(suchasatableorgraph).

Questions1-10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThispassageisfromJhumpaLahiri,TheLowland,?2013byJhumpaLahiri.UdayanandSubhasharetwobrotherswholiveinCalcutta,India.PatherPanchali(1955)isanaward-winningIndianfilm.

Whentheywereoldenough,whentheywerepermittedtoleavethehouse,theyweretoldnottolosesightofoneanother.Togethertheywandered

Linedownthewindinglanesoftheenclave,

5behindthepondsandacrossthelowland,totheplayingfieldwheretheysometimesmetupwithotherboys.Theywenttothemosqueatthecorner,tositonthecoolofitsmarblesteps,sometimeslisteningtoafootballgameson

10someonesradiotheguardianofthemosqueneverminding.

Eventuallytheywereallowedtoleavetheenclave,andtoenterthegreatercity.Towalkastheirlegswouldcarrythem,toboardtramsandbussesby

15themselves.Stillthemosqueonethecorner,aplaceofworshipforthoseofaseparatefaith,orientedtheirdailycomingsandgoings.

Atonepoint,becauseUdayansuggestedit,they

begantolingeroutsideTechnicians’Studio,where

20SatyajitRayhadshotPatherPanchali,whereBengalicinemastarsspenttheirdays.Now

andthen,becausesomeonewhoknewthemwasemployedontheshoot,theywereusheredinamidthetangleofcableshadwires,theglaringlights.

25Afterthecallforsilence,aftertheboardwasclapped,theywatchedthedirectorandhiscrewtakingandretakingasinglescene,perfectingahandfuloflines.Aday’swork,devotedto

moment’sentertainment.

30 Theycaughtsightofbeautifulactressesastheyemergedfromtheirdressingrooms,shieldedbysunglasses,steppingintowaitingcars.Udayanwastheonebraveenoughtoaskthemforautographs.Hewasblindtoself-constrains,like

35ananimalincapableofperceivingcertaincolors.ButSubhashstrovetominimizehisexistence,asotheranimalsmergedwithbarkorbladesofgrass.

Inspiteoftheirdifferencesonewasperpetually

40confusedwiththeother,sothatwheneithername

wascalledbothwereconditionedtoanswer.Andsometimesitwasdifficulttoknowwhohadanswered,giventhattheirvoiceswerenearlyindistinguishable.Sittingoverthechessboardthey

45weremirrorimages:onelegbent,theothersplayedout,chinsproppedontheirknees.Theyweresimilarenoughinbuilddrawfromasinglepileofclothes.Theircomplexions,alightcopperycompoundderivedfromtheirparents,

50wereidentical.Theirdouble-jointedfingers,thesharpcutoftheirfeatures,thewavytextureoftheirhair.

Subhashwonderedifhisplacidnaturewasregardedasalackofinventiveness,perhapseven

55afailing,inhisparents’eyes.Hisparentsdidnothavetoworryabouthimandyettheydidnotfavorhim.Itbecamehismissiontoobeythem,

giventhatitwasn’tpossibletosurpriseorimpress

them.ThatwaswhatUdayandid.

60 Inthecourtyardoftheirfamily’shousewasthemostenduringlegacyofUdayan’stransgression.Atrailofhisfootprints,createdthedaythedirtsurfacewaspaved.Adaythey’dbeeninstructedtoremainindoorsuntilithadset.

65 Allmorningthey’dwatchedthemasonpreparingtheconcreteinawheelbarrow,spreadingandsmoothingthewetmixturewithhistools.Twenty-fourhours,themasonhadwarnedthem,

beforeleaving.

70 Subhashhadlistened.Hehaswatchedthroughthewindow,hehadnotgoneout.Butwhentheir

mother’sbackwasturned,Udayanrandownthelongwoodenplanktemporarilysetuptogetfromthedoortothestreet.

75Halfwayacrosstheplankhelosthisbalance,theevidenceofhispathformingimpressionofthesolesofhisfeet,taperinglikeanhourglassatthecentre,thepadsofthetoesdisconnected.

Thefollowingdaythemasonwascalledback.

80Bythenthesurfacehaddried,andtheimpressionleftbyUdayan’sfeetwerepermanent.Theonlywaytorepairtheflawwastoapplyanotherlayer.Subhashwonderedwhetherthistimehisbrotherhadgonetoofar.

85 Buttothemasontheirfathersaid,Leaveitbe.Notfortheexpenseoreffortinvolved,butbecausehebelieveditwaswrongtoerasestepsthathissonhadtaken.

3

WhichchoicebestsupporttheideathatUdayanandSubhashaccept,asamatterofcourse,thefactthat

othersfailtodrawacleardistinctionbetweenthem?

A)

Lines39-41(“Inspite...answer”)

B)

Lines41-44(“Andsometimes...

indistinguishable”)

C)

Lines44-46(“Siting...knees”)

D)

Lines48-50(“Their...identical”)

4

Inthecontextofthenarrator’sphysicaldescription

ofthebrothers,thedetailofthe“singlepileof

clothes”(line48)servesmainlyto

A)

Emphasizethatthedescriptionmirrorsthe

brothers’perceptionofthemselves.

B)

noteonerespectinwhichthedescriptionmay

misrepresentthebrothers

C)

citeaparticularfactaboutthebrothersthat

corroboratesthedescription.

D)

Suggestthatthedescriptionholdstruerare

certaintimesthanatothers.

8

Basedonthepassage,whichchoicebeststateshow

thefatherviewsthefootprintsinthecourtyard?

A)

Hecherishesthemassuggestiveofhis

children’sfuturegreatness.

B)

HeacceptsthemassymbolicofUdayan’s

boldness.

C)

Heinterpretsthemasametaphorforhisown

lostyouth.

D)

Hewelcomesthemasareminderofhisother

son’sobedience

9

Thenarratorsuggeststhatastimepassed,theincidentinvolvingthefootprintstookona

significancemostlikethatofa

A)

familiarlegendwhoseexactorigincannotbe

identified.

B)

Historicalnarrativethatsuggesthowone

shouldbehaveinthepresent.

C)

Personalmemorythatonerecountstoanew

acquaintance.

D)

Cautionarytalethatonetellstodiscourage

carelessbehavior.

C)

environment.

D)

shape.

Andsotheimperfectionbecameamarkof

90distinctionabouttheirhome.Somethingvisitorsnoticed,thefirstfamilyanecdotethatwastold.

1

Thepassageindicatesthatasthebrothersage,they

areallowedgreaterfreedomto

A)

exploretheworldoutsidetheirhome.

B)

assistinhuoseholdchores

C)

spendtimeapartfromoneanother

D)

pursueworkinthefilmindustry

6

Itcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethat

Subhashperceiveshisparentsas

A)

mistakinghisself-restraintforapathy

B)

preferringhisbrothertohim

C)

resentinghimasareflectionoftheirown

weaknesses.

D)

underestimatingtheeffortthatobeyingthem

requires.

2

Indescribingtheactivityatthefilmstudio,the

narratordrawswhichcontrast?

A)

Thecalmnessofthefilmshootversusthefanfarethataccompaniesthedebutofafilmin

movietheaters

B)

Thetalentoftheactorsandfilmcrewversus

thequalityofthefinishedfilm

C)

Thebrothers’interestinfilmmakingversusthe

filmmakers’obliviousnesstotheboys.

D)

Thetimeandeffortthatgointomakingafilm

versustheaudience’sfleetingexperienceofa

film

7

Inthecontextofthepassage,the“transgression”

(line61)arebestunderstoodas

A)

Violationsofpubliclaw.

B)

instancesofphysicaltrespassing.

C)

Actsofthoughtlessrulebreaking.

D)

Misunderstandingofsocialcustom.

5

Asusedinline53,“nature”mostnearlymeans

A)

Temperament.

B)

influence.

10

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe

answertothepreviousquestion?

A)

Lines60-63(“Inthe...paved”)

B)

Lines79-82(“Thefollowing...layer”)

C)

Lines85-88(“Butto...taken”)

D)

Lines89-91(“Andso...told”)

Questions11-21arebasedonthefollowingpassages.

Passage1isadaptedfromaspeechdeliveredin1980byThurgoodMarshall.“RemarksattheSecondCircuitJudicialConference.”Passage2isadaptedfromStevenMazie,“PlayingFavourites.”?2014byTheEconomistNewspaperLimited.

passage1

Inthecourts,...impartialityisrequired,andpoliticalcompromisehasnoroleatall.Judgesaresupposedtobereflective,consideringthe(line)

Linecontroversybeforetheminlightofthebroader

5legalschemes,Constitutionalandotherwise,whichguidethecountry.Decisionstraditionallyarejustifiedbyopinionsannouncingreasoningderivedfromearliercasesandestablishedprinciples;rawpoliticalpowerisneverasufficient

10justificationforanyjudicialdecision.

Constitutionalrightsshouldneverbecompromisedbythecourtsinthenameofexpediency.

Thejudiciaryoperatesunderapremiseofneutralityratherthanpartisanship.Federaljudges

15areinsulated,asmuchaspossible,frompoliticalpressurewhichmightinterferewith

principleddecisionmaking.[Federal]judgeshavelifetenureandarefreefromthreatsofeconomicretaliationforunpopulardecisions.Inaddition,we

20cannothaveapersonalstakeintheoutcomeofanycasebeforeus,andtheCodeofJudicialConductcautionsustoavoideventheappearanceofimpropriety.

Thereasonforthisstrictrequirementof

25impartialityisthattheindividualstandsastherefereewhenevertheindividualcitizenandhisgovernmentconflict.Suchanarbitermustbeindependentandneutral.Thewholepurposeoftheseparationofpoweristoestablishanequal

30branchofthegovernmentwhichcanchecktheotherbrancheswhentheirpoliticalcompromisesandgeneralizedfocusresultsin

unfairnesstotheindividual.Ifthegovernmentactsfairly,thecourtstandsasaguardian,forcingthe

35otherbranchestorecognizethatbasicprincipleshavebeenviolatedandthatcertainpersons

havebeendeniedtheirfundamentalrighttoequaltreatmentunderlaw.Itcanneverbethegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumbertodenytheequal

40moralworthofafellowhumanbeing.Similarly,whentheinterestsofindividualsclash,therecannotbeanydangerofpredispositionbythecourtifeachlitigantistobeconfidentthathehasreceivedequaltreatment.Beforethebar,allmen

45andwomenmuststandequal,withtheirclaimsresolvedsolelyonthestrengthoflegalprinciples.

Passage2

JeromeFrank,amid-20th-centurylegalthinker,issaidtohaveclaimedthatjusticeisa

50functionofwhatthejudgehadforbreakfast.Don’tlettheirblackrobes,seriousmiensandpledgesoffealtytothelawfoolyou,Mr.Frankwarned:judicialdecisionsarenotcoolapplicationsofobjectivelegalprinciples.Rather,

55theyaremanifestationsofpersonalpredilectionsandbiases.

Mr.Frank’sobservationseemstoapplyalltoowelltotoday’sSupremeCourt.Whenruling

onbig,controversialcases,thejusticessplitfairly

60reliablyalongpartysimplywasn’tafactorinhigh-courtdecisions.OnlyinrecentdecadeshavepartypoliticsinfiltratedthemarblehallsoftheSupremeCourt,andonlyinthepastfewyearshavetheybecomethebestpredictorofitsmajor

65rulings.TheSupremeCourthasneverdividedalongpartisanlinesasneatlyasitdoestoday,

Ahighcourtthatsplitsintoideologicalcampswhilepurportingtoprovide“equaljusticeunderlaw”callsintoquestionitsverylegitimacy.It

70makesamockeryofChiefJusticeJohnRoberts’shoaryclaimthatajustice’sjobisto“callballsandstrikesandnottopitchorbat.”ItgivesonethesensethatwhenChiefJusticeassertshehas“noagenda,”he’sprotestingabittoomuch.

75 Indeed,newresearchbythreepoliticalscientistsshowsjusthowavidlythejusticesgo

tobatforcausestheyidentifywith.Intheirpaper,LeeEpsteinoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaandtwocolleaguesexamined4,519

80votesin516SupremeCourtfree-speechcasesfrom1953to2010todeterminewhether“justicedefendthespeechtheyhated.”The

answer:rarely.Contrarytostereotypesabouttherelativefriendlinessofconservativesorliberalsto

85free-speechclaimsgenerally,Ms.Epsteinandherco-authorsfoundthatthejusticesare

“opportunisticfreespeeches.”Someprinciplemightbefoundtoaccountforthesuspiciouspatternsintheirvotes,buttheevidencelooks

90pretty[clear].Justices’votes“areneitherreflexivelypro-oranti-thefirstamendment”;theyare,instead,fororagainst“thespeaker’sideologicalenclave.”

11

ItcanreasonablybeinferredfromPassage1thatMarshallbelievesthepurposeofthefederaljudiciarywouldbeunderminedifitwerealteredinwhich

way?

A)

Officialsinotherbranchesofgovernmentwereforbiddenfromdiscussingfederalcourtcases

withthepress.

12

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe

answertothepreviousquestion?

A)

Lines13-14(“Thejudiciary…partisanship”)

B)

Line17-19(“Federal…decisions”)

C)

Line19-23(“Inaddition…impropriety”)

D)

Line28-33(“Thewhole…individual”)

13

AccordingtoMarshallinPassage1,theCodeof

JudicialConductrecommendsthatjudges

A)

relinquishfinancialgainsthatmayresultfrom

theirrulings.

B)

Shunanybehaviorthatcanbeinterpretedas

improper.

C)

usetheirrulingstoretaliateagainstelected

officials.

D)

Dispenserulingsthataretimelyandefficient.

14

Asusedinline50,“function”mostnearlymeans

A)

result

B)

occupation

C)

celebration

D)

purpose

17

InPassage2,Maziestatesthatoverthecourseofrecentdecades,thedecisionsofSupremeCourt

justicesincreasinglycorrelatewith

A)

anemergingnationalconsensusonfree-speech

issues.

B)

shiftsinthetoneofpoliticaldiscussioninthe

UnitedStates.

C)

personalexperiencesinthejustices’lives

outsideofthecourtroom.

D)

thepoliticalaffiliationofthepresidentswho

appointedthejustices.

18

Itcanreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagesthatbothauthorswouldconsidertheintegrityofacourt

rulingtobecompromisedunderwhichcondition?

A)

Therulinginvokeslegislativeandexecutive

precedentaswellasjudicialprecedent.

B)

Judgesdefendarulingtheyhaveissuedby

commentingonitoutsideofthecourtroom.

C)

Politicaltendenciesinformthelegalreasoning

behindtheruling.

D)

Thevaluesofthejudgesdifferfromthose

embodiedbythegovernment.

B)

Theethicalstandardsofthejudiciaryweredeterminedbyitsmembersratherthanby

otherbranches.

C)

Judgesweresubjecttoreappointmentordismissalbyelectedofficials,basedonareview

oftheirrulings.

D)

Courtrulingwerenarrowlytailoredtothespecificsofeachcase,avoidingfundamental

politicalandphilosophicalquestions.

A)

pleadsuccessfully.

B)

relateespecially.

C)

appealdeeply.

D)

stickphysically.

16

15

Inpassage2,howdoesMaizeusethediscussionof

FrankandEpsteintopresenthisargument?

A)

HecitesFrankasanestablishedauthorityforarecommendedcourseofactionandEpsteinasa

morecontemporaryauthority.

B)

HecitesFrankinordertoendorseatheoryandEpsteininordertosuggestaslightmodification

tothattheory.

C)

HecitesFrankasaspokespersonforaparticularpositionandEpsteinasaresearcher

corroboratingthatposition.

D)

HecitesFrankinordertoidentifyalong-standingdilemmaandEpsteinasascientist

offeringasolutiontothatdilemma.

19

Whichchoicebestidentifiesadifferenceinhowtheauthorsmakeuseofthecomparisonofjudgestotherefereeorumpireinasportingeventinline26of

Passage1andlines71-72ofPassage2?

A)

Marshallconsidersthecomparisonasvalid,ifoverused,whereasMazieidentifiesitasacliché

tobeavoided.

B)

Marshalloffersthecomparisonasanaptdescription,whereasMaziesuggestsitis

misleading.

C)

Marshallimpliesthatthecomparisonisarespectfulone,whereasMaziecriticizesitas

scornful.

D)

Marshallemploysthecomparisonasanimageofunity,whereasMazidemploysitasanimage

ofdivisiveness.

20

BasedonPassage2,howwouldMaziemostlikelyrespondtothepositionMarshalltakesinlines44-47

ofpassage1(“Before...principles”)?

A)

HewouldarguethatalthoughcasualobservationofSupremeCourtrulingdebunks

Marshall’sclaim,examinationofthembylegal

Asusedinline57,“applyalltoowell”mostnearly

means

scholarsconfirmsit.

B)

HewouldconsiderMarshall’sdescriptiontrueforthemajorityofSupremeCourtrulingbutmisrepresentativeofrulingsinfree-speech

cases.

C)

HewouldcontendthatMarshall’sassessmentwasanunusualoneinthepastbuthasgrownincreasinglymainstreaminthecurrentpolitical

climate.

D)

HewouldassertthatMarshall’ssentimentis

contradictedbyjudges’sympathetictreatment

oflitigantswhosebeliefstheyendorse.

21

WhichchoicefromPassage2providesthebest

evidencefortheanswertopreviousquestion?

A)

Lines58-61(“When...presidents”)

B)

Lines61-65(“Only...rulings”)

C)

Lines75-77(“Indeed...with”)

D)

Lines77-82(“Intheir...hate”)

Questions22-31arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ThispassageisadaptedfromElizabethPreston.“Found:TheIdealFatnessforElephantSeals.”?2014byKalmbachPublishingCo.

Northernelephantseals(Miroungaangustirostris) spend9to10monthsoftheyearatsea.Twiceannually,theanimalshaultheir

Lineenormousbodiesashore.Inthewinter,

5theygatheronbeachesinMexicoandSouthernCaliforniaforbreedinganmating.Whileonland,thesealsfast.Thentheygobacktotheocean.Inthespring,thesealsreturntothesamebeachestomolt,sheddingtheirfurandevensomeskinbefore

10spendingtherestoftheyearintheocean.

Duringtheirtravels,northernelephantsealsmaymigrateasfarasAlaska.Theymakedivesalmosthalfamiledeep,pursingsquid,fish,andotheranimalsunfortunateenoughtobeintheir

15paths.Buttoregainthebodymassthattheylostwhilefastingonland,theyhavetobanktheircalories.Energythattheysavewhileswimmingcanbespentonlongerdives.Energygainedfromastomachfullofsquidcanbeusedtohuntsome

20more.

TaikiAdachi,agraduatestudentinthepolarsciencedepartmentasTokyo’sGraduateUniversityforAdvancedStudies,wantedtolearnhowamigratingseal’sincreasingblubberiness

25affectsitsswimming.Doesafatter,morebuoyantsealneedtospendlessenergyonswimming

anddiving?Andisthisbeneficialoverall?

Heandhiscolleaguesdevelopedanewtypeofaccelerometertofindout.Whenwornbyan

30elephantseal,thedevicecanmonitorcyclicpatternsinspeedandcounteachsurgeforwardasonestrokeoftheflippers.Byalsotrackingdepthandswimmingangle,thedevice

canconstantlymeasuretheseal’srateofstrokes

35perdistancetraveled.Sealsthatmakemorestrokesareworkingharder.

Theresearcherscaptured14female

Miroungaangustirostris andaffixedtheaccelerometerstotheirbacks.Theyalsooutfitted

40eachsealwithradioandGPStransmitters.Half

thesealsweremonitoredduringtheir“short

migration,”thetwomonthsfollowingbreeding.Therestweretrackedduringtheseven-month“l(fā)ongmigration”thatfollowsmolting.

45 Althoughthescientistswerelimitedbythebatterylifeoftheirinstruments,theywereabletocollectdataovertheentireshortmigration,aswellasthefirst140daysorsoofthelong

migration.TheGPStransmittersannouncedwhen

50elephantsealshadreturnedtotheirhome

beaches.There,scientistsusedradiosignalsandplainoldbinocularstopickouttaggedsealsfromtherestofthecolony.Afterremovingtheloggers,theysentsealsbackontheirway.

55 Foranypointintime,thescientistcould

estimateaseal’sfatnessbyseeinghowmuchitdrifteddowninthewaterwhenitwasn’tactivelyswimming.Atthebeginningofeachmigration,thestarvedsealshad“negativebuoyancy.”In

60otherwords,theytendedtosink.Butastheirrovingfishbingeprogressed,thesealsbecamemoreandmorebuoyant.

Astheblubberysealsgainedbuoyancy,swimmingbecameeasier.Theyneededslightly

65moreflipperstrokestomaketheirdeepdives,butmanyfewerstrokestoascend.Thismeantthatoverall,fattersealsusedfewerstrokestocoverthesamedistance.

Thescientistshadpredictedthatsavingenergy

70inswimmingwouldallowthesealstospendmoreenergyelsewhere,andthisseemedtobetrue.Asthesealsgotfatter,theydoubledtheamountoftimetheyspentatthebottomoftheirdives,fromabout10minutesto20.(Thebottom

75ofthediveiswheretheyfindthemostfood.)

Aftertwomonthsatsea,allthesealswerestillnegativelybuoyant,thoughtheirblubberhadnotablyincreasedtheirbuoyancy.Afteraboutfivemonths,whentheloggersstoppedgatheringdata

80forthelongmigration,5outof7sealshadbecome“neutrallybuoyant”--whendriftingintheocean,theydidn’tsinkorrise.

Fattersealscanspendlessenergyswimmingandmoretimeeating,whichgivesthemevenmore

85energy.Sodotheykeepgainingblubberindefinitely?“Yes,Ithinktheygetfattertobecomepositivelybuoyant,”Adachisays.Ifhecouldhavemonitoredthesealsallthewaytotheendoftheirlongmigration,hethinkshewould

90haveseenthemgainsomuchblubberthattheytendedtofloat.Otherresearchhasfoundthatelephantsealsbecomepositivelybuoyant,headds.

Adachithinksthebeststateforelephantseals--

95thebodytypethatkeepsthemswimmingmostefficiently--isneutralbuoyancy.Yetthehungryanimals,gearingupfortheirnextfast,keepeatingbeyondthat.Adachisaysthatwhenelephantsealscometoshoreaftertheirlongmigration,40

100percentoftheirbodymassisfat.Forthem,it’s

theperfectbeachbody.

22

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A)

weighthemeritsofseveralcompetingtheories

aboutbuoyancyinaspeciesofelephantseal.

23

Thefirsttwoparagraphsofthepassage(lines1-20)

servemainlyto

A)

comparethefindingsofpreviousresearchonnorthernelephantsealstothefindingofthe

studyconsideredinthepassage.

B)

presentapopularhypothesisregardingthebehaviorsofnorthernelephantsealsthatwill

bedevelopedthroughoutthepassage.

C)

provideanoverviewofnorthernelephantsealbehaviorthatisrelevanttothestudydiscussed

inthepassage.

D)

introduceanargumentaboutnorthernelephantsealsthatwillbecounteredlaterin

thepassage.

24

Whichstatementaboutthenumberofswimmingstroketakenbynorthernelephantsealsissupported

bypassage?

A)

Agreaternumberofstrokessignifiesagreater

amountofenergyexpended.

B)

Agreaternumberofstrokesignifiesamore

pronouncedswimmingangel.

C)

Alessernumberofstrokessignifiesapotential

fordeeperdivingdepth.

D)

Alessernumberofstrokessignifiesamore

urgentneedfornutritionalsupplementation.

27

Asusedinline67,“cover”mostnearlymeans

A)

spreadout

B)

shelter

C)

dealwith

D)

Travel

28

Whichfinding,ifaccurate,wouldmostclearlyundermineAdachi’sbeliefthatthenorthernelephantsealswouldkeepgainingblubberafterthe

loggersstoppedtrackingtheseals?

A)

Evidencethattheelephantsealsdonotstaynegativelybuoyantafterthefirstmonthinthe

ocean

B)

Confirmationoftheelephantseal’stendencyto

consumeincreasinglygreaterquantitiesoffood

C)

Proofthattheelephantsealsremainneutrallybuoyantjustbeforetheyreturntothebeaches

tobreed

D)

Thediscoverythattheelephantsealsreachtheirhighestbodymassjustbeforetheyreturn

tothebeachestobreed

29

ItcanmostreasonablybeinferredfromthepassagethattheoverallconclusionreachedbyAdachi’steam

mightbechallengedforbeing

A)

somewhattenuous,becausetheteamwasunabletostudytheelephantsealsthroughout

theirentiremigration.

B)

ultimatelyinconclusive,becausetheteamfailedtoexpandthestudytoincludeagreater

numberofelephantsealsfromthegroup.

C)

moderatelyoutdated,becausetheteamusedimpreciseequipmenttomeasurethebuoyancy

oftheelephantseals.

D)

slightlyunfocused,becausetheteamincorporatedextraneousinformationprovided

byotherresearchersintotheirwork.

B)

challengeanestablishedapproachinthestudy

ofbuoyancyinaspeciesofelephantseal.

C)

Discussanovelmeansofevaluatingthe

migratorypatternsofaspeciesofelephantseal.

D)

explorearesearchteam’scontributiontothe

studyofbuoyancyinaspeciesofelephantseal.

B)

Lines63-66(“Asthe...ascend”)

C)

Lines69-72(“Thescientists...true”)

D)

Lines72-75(“Asthe...food”)

31

25

Whatisthemaineffectofthephrase“plainold

binoculars”(line52)?

A)

Itsuggeststhattheobservationsmadewith

suchbinocularsmaybeunreliable.

B)

Itemphasizesthesurprisingusefulnessofa

simpleobservatorytool.

C)

Itreinforcesthatbinocularsareobsoletecomparedtotheradiosignalusedbythe

scientists.

D)

Itestablishesadefinitivecontrastbetweenthe

goalofpastandpresentresearchers.

26

Whichchoiceprovidestheprovidesthebestevidenceofaninverserelationshipbetweentheamountofenergythatelephantsealswithrelativelymorebuoyancyexpendwhilemakingdeepdivesand

theamounttheyexpandswimmingbacktosurface?

A)

Lines58-62(“Atthe...buoyant”)

30

Whichchoiceprovidesthebestevidenceforthe

answertopreviousquestion?

A)

Lines83-85(“Fatter...energy”)

B)

Line85-87(“Sodo...says”)

C)

Lines87-91(“Ifhe...float”)

D)

Lines98-100(“Adachi...fat”)

Thecommentinlines91-93(“Others...adds”)

mainlyservesto

A)

promoteotherlinesofresearchrelatedto

Adachi’sstudyofelephantseals.

B)

offeradditionalsupporttoAdachi’shypothesis

abouttheblubberofelephantseals.

C)

criticizealternativeinterpretationsofelephant

sealblubberputforthbyotherresearchers.

D)

portrayelephantsealsasuniquebecauseofthe

meansbywhichtheyincreasetheirblubber.

Questions32-41arebasedonthefollowingpassageandsupplementarymaterial.

Thepassageandaccompanyingfigureareadaptedfrom“FreeExchange”AMeanFeat.”?2016bytheEconomistNewspaperLimited.

“Theonlyfunctionofeconomicforecastingistomakeastrologylookrespectable,”JohnKennethGalbraith,anirreverenteconomist,oncesaid.

LineSinceeconomicoutputrepresentsthe

5aggregatedactivityofbillionofpeople,influencedbyforcesseenandunseen,itisawonderforecastersevergetitright.Yeteconomistscannotresisttrying.Aspredictionsfor2016areunveiled,itisworthassessingthe

10soothsayers’records.

Forecastersusual