華科大考博英語寫作(學(xué)生用)

考博作文考博英語考試大綱實(shí)際英語應(yīng)用能力是否達(dá)到非英語專業(yè)研究生英語教學(xué)大綱中《碩士研究生英語教學(xué)與考試》規(guī)定的要求。考試成績用于博士研究生的入學(xué)選拔。

一、考試設(shè)計(jì)

本考試共分為四部分：完形填空（10％）、閱讀理解（40％）、英漢互譯（30％）和英語寫作（20％）。

1.完形填空（10％）

語言知識(shí)及綜合運(yùn)用能力。測試內(nèi)容包括詞匯的認(rèn)知能力、搭配知識(shí)的掌握，句法結(jié)構(gòu)的理解和篇章閱讀、分析能力。使短文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。

2.閱讀理解（40％）閱讀獲取信息的能力，即對(duì)閱讀材料的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)、要點(diǎn)、作者觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度的理解能力。題材包括社會(huì)、文化、史地、科普及人物傳記等內(nèi)容，體裁涉及敘事、議論、描述、說明和應(yīng)用文等。3.英漢互譯（30％）

原文內(nèi)容涉及社會(huì)、文化、史地和科普知識(shí).準(zhǔn)確地翻譯成通順4.英語寫作（20％）

書面表達(dá)能力。要求考生根據(jù)給出的題目和提綱，或者根據(jù)情景或圖表自擬題目，約200單詞的短文。要求作文切題、意義連貫、文字通順，并符合英文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。寫作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)說明寫作測試總分為20分，評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)采用6個(gè)檔次計(jì)分方法，即從內(nèi)容和語言表達(dá)進(jìn)行全文總體評(píng)分。具體如下：17~20分內(nèi)容切題，清楚表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵；文字連貫；句式有變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞正確。文章長度符合要求。13~16分內(nèi)容切題，比較清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵；文字基本連貫；句式有一定變化，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞無重大錯(cuò)誤。文章長度符合要求。9~12分內(nèi)容切題，基本清楚地表達(dá)其內(nèi)涵，句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞有少量錯(cuò)誤。文章長度符合要求。5~8分內(nèi)容基本切題，語句可以理解，但有較多的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞錯(cuò)誤。文章長度基本符合要求。1~4分基本按要求寫作，但只有少數(shù)句子可理解。0分文不切題，語句混亂，無法理解。寫作知識(shí)及技巧A．理想的段落要求是什么?1）主題 （Topic）2）統(tǒng)一 （Unity）3）連貫 （Coherence）4）清晰 （Clarity）5）完整（Completeness）6)多樣化（Variety）7)有效性（Effectiveness）B．寫作技巧（MethodsofParagraphDevelopment）1)Description2)Exemplification/Illustration3)Definition4)Classification5)CauseandEffect6)ComparisonandContrast7)Listing8)ProgressionC.Pre-writingskills1)Free-writingSomepeoplesimplyneedtostartwritingtofindafocus.Takeoutseveralsheetsofblankpaper,giveyourselfatleasttentofifteenminutes,andbeginwritingwhatevercomestomindonyoursubject.Don’tchange,correct,ordeleteanything.Ifyourunoutofthingstosay,write“Ican’tthinkofanythingtosay”untilyoucanfindanewthought.Attheendofthetimeperiodyoumaydiscoverthatbycontinuouslywritingyouwillhavewrittenyourselfintoaninterestingtopic.2)BrainstormingBrainstormingisaprewritingactivityinwhichtwoormorepeoplegettogethertoexchangeideasonagiventopic.Duringthebrainstorming,thereisusuallyonepersonwhotakesnotesasothersareengagedinconversation.Brainstormingcanbedonealoneifnootherpersonisavailablefordiscussion.Inthiscase,apersonmakesfreeassociationsaroundthegiventopic,i.e.makesarandomlistofideasassociatedwiththetopicastheyspeedthroughhismind.Inmanywaysbrainstormingisverysimilartofree-writingbecausebothenablewriterstoexplorewhattheytrulyfeelaboutatopic.However,whenseveralpeoplecometogethertodobrainstorming,ideasoftencomeoutmuchfasterthananypencanwrite,sothenotestakenorthelistmadecanonlybeverysketchy.Thenote-takermayonlyhavetimetojotdownsinglewordsorphrasessummarizingfacts,statistics,episodes,descriptions,feelings,attitudesandopinionsrelatedtothesubject.Forexample,thefollowinglististheoutcomeofabrainstormingsessionthatdiscussesChina’seducationalsystem:D.HowtoachievecoherenceInordertohavecoherenceinwritinganargumentativeessay,themovementfromonesentencetothenextmustbelogicalandsmooth.TheremustbeNOsuddenjumps.Sincethiscoherencedoesnotoccurnaturally,youshouldtakepainstoestablishit.Oneofthemainwaystoachievecoherenceistousetransitionsignalstoshowhowoneideaisrelatedtothenext.Thefollowingarethemostcommontransitionsignalsgroupedaccordingtothekindsofconnectionstheyestablish.1)Introducinganadditionalpointoridea(遞進(jìn))2)Introducinganoppositepointoridea(轉(zhuǎn)折)3)Movingfromgeneraltospecific(演繹)4)Emphasizingapoint(強(qiáng)調(diào))5)Restatingapoint(重述)6)Showingsequence(順序)7)Showingcauseandeffect(因果)8)Showingconnectionsintime(時(shí)間連接)9)Introducingaconclusionorsummary(結(jié)論)E．分析作文寫作對(duì)策重點(diǎn)放在三段式的寫作文章開頭擴(kuò)展段寫法（5）因果法因果關(guān)系法是通過分析事物的因果關(guān)系來展開段落。如果是一果多因的情況，一般先寫結(jié)果后分析多種原因；如果是一因多果，一般實(shí)現(xiàn)寫原因后寫結(jié)果。運(yùn)用因果分析法展開段落最好把主題句放在開頭，這種段落展開方法的結(jié)構(gòu)常見的有兩種：即分塊法和連環(huán)法。分塊法指的是先說原因后說結(jié)果（一個(gè)原因引起一個(gè)或多個(gè)結(jié)果）；或者先說結(jié)果后說原因（多個(gè)原因引起一個(gè)結(jié)果）。連環(huán)法指的是先敘述的一個(gè)原因及結(jié)果，再敘述第二個(gè)原因及結(jié)果，以此類推。形象一點(diǎn)表示，運(yùn)用因果關(guān)系法展開段落常見的模式有3種：模式1TopicsentenceEffect1Effect2,…Concludingsentence模式2TopicsentenceCause1Cause2,…Concludingsentence模式3ACauseBEffectC(Cause)EffectD(Cause)EffectE(Cause)Effect因果關(guān)系常用的句型句式和詞語有：原因：Theexplanationisthat…Thereareseveralreasonswhy/for…Thecauseof…is…Thereasonsfor…are……istheresultof……iscausedby/dueto/becauseof…because,since,nowthat,becauseof,asaresultof,onaccountof,forthisreason,owingto,dueto,for,as,thanksto,resultfrom結(jié)果：Theresult/effect/consequenceof…is……willresultin…Therefore,…Asaresult(of),…Leadto,resultin,contributeto,sothat,thus,hence,consequently,so,accordingly,inviewof…文章結(jié)尾結(jié)論Therefore,wecancometoaconclusionthat…Inaword,itisimportant…Allinall….Ashasbeenmentionedabove,aconclusioncanbedrawnthatsomeeffectivestepsshouldbetakeninnotime.Forexample,….Inaddition,…Inmyopinion,Fromthispointofview,…號(hào)召性和意義Itishightimethatweurgedanimmediateendto…Onlybydoingso,canwe…展望,后果Werestassuredthat…Weonlyhopethatsomedaytherecanbeasolutiontothisproblem.F．作文經(jīng)典句型1)It+被動(dòng)語態(tài)+that…

1)Itiswidelyacknowledged(recognized)thatextensivedeforestationcontributedtoheavysummerflooding.

2)Itisreportedthat800000applicantssatfortheNationalMaster’sEntranceTestin2003.

3)Itisestimatedthattwothirdsofthecitiesofourcountrieswillbeinacuteshortageoffreshwaterby2010.

4)Itisgenerallyacceptedthattopracticeeuthanasiaonapatientwhoisstillaliveisinhuman.

5)Itmustbeadmittedthatthepricewarwilldisturbthenormalorderofthemarket.(admittedly)

6)Itcannotbedeniedthattheovergrowthoftourismmaydestroytheecologicalbalanceofsomescenicresorts.

7)Itisknowntoallthatphysicalexercisescanimproveandenrichourphysicalandmentalwell-being.2)Itis+形容詞+that…

(形容詞+ly，也可)

1)Itisobvious(evident,clear,undeniable,apparent)thatthesituationiscauseddirectlybyexcessivecommercialfishing.

2)Itisunderstandable(inevitable)thatpeople’sattitudesaredivergentonthiscontroversialissue.

3)Itisunimaginable(incredible/unbelievable)thatsuchaboyof17shouldhavehadthreenovelspublished.3)Itis+形容詞+forsb(sth)todosth

1)Itisimportant(vital)foreveryonetoparticipateinphysicalexercises,fortheywilldogoodnotonlytoourbodybutalsotoourmindandpersonality.

2)Itiscurrentlydifficultforauniversitystudenttofindanidealjobuponhisgraduation,especiallythosemajoringinfundamentalcoursessuchashistoryandmathematics.

3)Itishighlynecessaryforourgovernmenttostopthecorruptionofgovernmentofficials.

4)Itisimperativethatsomethingurgentbedonetocombatthewidespreaduseofillegaldrugsamongteenagers.4)with/as“隨著”句型

1)Withtherapidgrowthofeconomy,thelivingstandardsoftheChinesepeoplehavegreatlyimproved.Manyofthemcannowaffordtobuyhousesandcars.

2)Withthegrowingnumberofcollegegraduatesbeingturnedouteachyear,thesituationinthejobmarketisgettingtighterandtighter.

3)Asindustryandagriculturedevelops,theproblemofwatershortagewillbethemoreserious.

4)Asthereformprocessofstateenterprisesspeedsup,moreandmoreworkersarelikelytobelaidoff,enteringthecompetitioninjobmarket.5)Therebe句型

1)Inthepasttenyearstherehasbeenamarkeddeclineinthenumberofyoungmarriedcoupleswhowanttohavechildren.

2)Recently,therehasbeenastrongdebateonwhetherhumanbeingsshouldbecloned.

3)Therearestillquiteanumberofchildrenwhocannotaffordtogotoschoolbecauseofpoverty.

4)AstheInternetindustrydevelops,therewillbemoreandmorepeoplesurfingontheweb.

5)Nowthereisagrowingconcernovertheheavyburden,bothacademicandpsychological,ourchildrenhavetobear.

6)Thereisnodoubtthatspaceexplorationwillgreatlyinfluenceourwayoflifeandwayofthinking.7)Thereisnoneedforpeopletoworryaboutthepossibleeffectsofdonatingblood.6)圖畫主題句型

1)Thepicturesindicatethattherehasbeensignificantchangesinthewaysofcommunicationinthelast30years.

2)Byshowing…,theexaminertriestoconveythemessagethat…

3)Throughthepicturestheauthortriestowarnusoftheseriousproblemofendangeredanimals.

4)Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothediminutionofoceanresources.

5)Thecartoondescribesaverycommonphenomenoninoursocietythat….

6)Thecartoonridicules/criticizessomeproducersandcompaniesthatoftenmakeemptypromisesintheadvertisementoftheirproducts.

7)Thepicturerevealsaseriousprobleminpublicexaminationshiringringers,thosewhotaketestsforothers.

8)Itcanbeseeninthepicturethattwocarscollidedandthetwodriverswerequarrelingwitheachother.

9)Asshown/illustrated/canbeseen/depicted/describedinthepicture,anumberofTVmanufacturersareinfiercepricecutcompetitiontoenlargetheirshareofmarket.

10)AttheupperpartofthepicturetherearesomeChinesecharacters,whichreads“Likealamploveburnsmostbrightlyinthedarkerplaces.”7）圖表句型

1)Fromthefiguresgiveninthegraphs,welearnthattheaveragehousingspaceforcityresidentsincreasedto10squaremetersin2000.

2)Asisshowninthetable,thereexistsabigdifferencebetweenthelifeexpectanceinthedevelopedcountriesandthatinthedevelopingcountries.

3)Accordingtothecharts,China’shighereducationhasbeendevelopingrapidlywiththegrowthofthegrossdomesticproduct.

4)Thenumberofsinglepeopleestablishingtheirownhouseholdsreached/hit14percentin2000.5)Fromthetablewecanseethatwithinhalfayearof1998,atotalof532peoplebecamethevictimsoftrafficaccidents,ofwhom460wereinjuredand72killed.6)Fromthegraphwecanseethattherewereatotalof142fireaccidentsinthecityin1999,mostofwhichwerecausedbydefectiveelectricalappliances,smokersandchildrenplayingwithfire.7)Fromthechartwelearnthattheproportionofpart-timeeducationhasincreasedsubstantiallyinthelast5years.8)Thecurvegraphshowsthatthepercentageoffamilyincomehasdeclinedsharply,accountingforonly13percentofthetotal.9)Forestcoveragewasreducedfrom28percentoftotallandareain1954to12percentin1998.10)Thereisasharpincreaseintheexpensesonhousingandmedicalcare,increasingby8%and6%respectively.11)Asiaranksfirstbothinareaandinpopulationamongthesevencontinents.EuropeissecondtoAsiainpopulation,butinareaitisthelastbutone.12)Thenumberofdeathandinjurywasmorethan3timesgreaterthanthatoftheJuly.13)AndinAugustasmanyas39caraccidentswerereported,indicatinganincreaseofabout79percentascomparedwiththenumberofJanuary.14)Thepopulationroserapidlyuntilitreached600000in1990.Since1990thegrowthhascontinuedbutthepopulationhasrisenrelativelyslowly.15)Before1970thebirthrateremainedlevel.Thenin1970itfelluntilitreached30perthousandin1930.16)Afterasteadydeclineforawholedecadethecountry’sfertilityrateshowssignsoflevelingoff.8）表示“使…….變得…”的句型；make＋賓語＋形容詞；make＋形容詞＋forsbtodosth1)Thewidespreadintroductionofinformationtechnologywillmakeourworkandlifemoreconvenientandmorebeautiful.

2)Mostimportantly,weshouldincreasinglyheightenourenvironmentalawarenessandmakeourworldabetterplacetolivein.

3)Moderntransportationmeansmakeitveryconvenientforpeopletotravelfarawayfromhome.

4)Advancedmedicalsciencehasmadeitpossibleforhumanbeingstoleadamuchlongerlifeandsufferlessfromdifferentkindsofdiseases.9）sothat句型

1)Theyaresoeagertomasternewskillssothattheycanbequalifiedtothejobmarket.

2)Therearesomanypeople,bicycles,carsinthestreetsthatyouwillsometimesfeelitdifficulttomovealong.

10）非限制性定語從句

1)Somepeoplemaybeaddictedtonetsurfing,whichimpairstheirphysicalandmentalhealth.

2)Lakesandriversarebecomingseriouslypolluted,whichaggravates(worsens)theshortageoffreshwater.

3)Theincreasinglyhighdivorceratewillcauseaseriesofproblems,whichdeservesgreatpublicattention.11）用分詞結(jié)構(gòu)擴(kuò)展內(nèi)容

1)People,notrealizingthatwaterresourcesontheeartharelimited,wasteagreatamountofwatereveryday.

2)Citizenshavetherighttoknowthetruthandsupervisethecelebrity,thusformingakindofpublicopinion.

3)Havingplacedgreatexpectationsontheirson,theycouldn’tholdbackhugedisappointmentandangerwhentheylearnttheirson’sfailuretopassthetest.

4)Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,moreandmorepeoplebegintobuycarstomeettheneedsofworkandlife,therebyworseningthetrafficproblems.12）用并列結(jié)構(gòu)陳述內(nèi)容

1)Ilovemyparentsbecausetheygivemelife,havesacrificedalotinbringingmeup,andarealwaysthereformewheneverIneedthem.

2)Mostmenwouldliketheirspousestobeyoungandbeautifulwhereaswomenoftenputemphasisontheirspouses’character,education,profession,incomeorfamilybackground.

3)IrealizedI’dgrownupwhenIknewIshouldberesponsibleformyownactions,makedecisionsformyself,andworktoearnmyownlivingexpenses.13）分析原因句型

1)Thereareanumberofcausesforthegreatincreaseindivorcerateinourcountry.

2)Ingeneral,therearetwomainreasonsleadingtotheprevalenceofthecheatinginexams.

3)ThreeareseveralfactorscontributingtotheboomingofChina’shighereducation.4)Severalreasons/factorsareresponsiblefor/mayaccountfor/contributetothecomingbackofmanyChineseoverseasstudents.5)Itspopularityisdueto/resultsfrom/iscausedby/canbeattributedtothecleanandcomfortableenvironmentandtheexcellentservice.14）“對(duì)…來說”1)Thus,forsomestudents,cheating,thoughrisky,isabsolutelyashortcuttogetasatisfyingacademicevaluation.2)Asfor(asto)thesociety,the7-dayholidaywellservesthepurposeofstimulatingconsumptionandpromotingthedevelopmentoftourism.15)“談及…問題”/“就（某人/某事）而言”1)Whenitcomestowhethercollegestudentsshouldbeinvolvedinbusinessactivities,therearedifferentopinions.2)Whenitcomestoindividuals,nomatterwhatreasonsdrivethemtobuylotterytickets,theyactuallycontributetothesocietybylendingahelpinghandtounfortunatepeopleandtothedevelopmentofsportsinourcountry.3)AsfarasI’mconcernedyoucandowhatyoulike.4)Theriseininterestsrateswillbedisastrousasfarassmallfirmsareconcerned.16）“毫無疑問/必須承認(rèn)/不能否認(rèn)”1)Itgoeswithoutsayingthattheloveofbeautyisanessentialpartofallhealthyhumannature.2)Thefastgrowthofspaceexplorationwillundoubtedlyinfluenceourwayoflifeandwayofthinking.3)Itmustbeadmittedthatthepricewarwilldisturbthenormalorderofthemarket.4)Admittedly,thereareadvancedresearchenvironmentandbetterlivingconditionsindevelopedcountries,andstudentsfromdevelopingcountriescannotresistthetemptationofearningmoresalaryinthewest.5)NoonecandenythatE-economyhasgreatpotentialsandadvantagesinmanyaspects.6)Thereisnodenyingthefactthatmoneyisindispensabletousintheconsumingsociety.17）“盡管”

1)Thoughitisaverydifficulttask,weshouldtryallmeanstobringthebirthrateundercontrol.

2)Inspiteofwhathasbeenachievedincontrollingthebirthrate,thereismuchtobedesired.

3)Theyhadawonderfulholiday,despitethebadweather.18）“有了…就能”/“沒有…就不能”

1)Withmoney,theycanbuycars,housesandmanyluxuries,andleadacomfortablelife.

2)Withprivatecars,peopleareabletoenjoytheirleisuretimetothefullbymakingtripsintheircarstothecountrysideorseasideattheweekends.

3)Withoutadequatelatestinformationnecessaryinhiswork,onewillachievenosuccessinhiscareer.19）“把…看作為”

1)However,somepeopleconsidermankind’sexplorationintothespaceasawasteoftime,moneyandresources.

2)Inspiteofthesearguments,therearethosewhosee(view)itasahastydecision,whichhassomepotentialproblems.

3)Adoctorshouldlookon(regard/thinkof)hisworknotasamoney-makingbusiness,butratherasasocialservice.20）表示“看法/觀點(diǎn)”

1)Therearedifferentopinionson(Peoplehavedifferentideasabout/Differentpeoplemayholddifferentviewsabout)whetherfirecrackersshouldbebanned.

2)Recently,therehasbeenaheateddebate(discussion)overwhetherornotsportsstarscangotocollegeorgraduateschoolwithouttakingtheentranceexams.

3)Theissueofwhetherornotstudentsshouldtakeaparttimejobhasbeenwidelydebatedcurrently.

4)Universitymerger,ahottopiconandoffcampus,isobviouslyacontroversialproblem.

5)Viewsontheissueinquestionvarywidelyfrompersontoperson.6)Quitealotofpeoplehold/claim/argue/advocate/suggestthatowningprivatecarsisofgreatbenefit,whileotherssay/assume/maintain/stressthattheremaybeproblemswiththeincreasingnumberofprivatecars.7)Onthesurfaceofit,theaboveargumentsseemniceandconvincing,butonsecondthoughts,wemayfindthattheycanhardlyholdwater.

8)Fromtheabovediscussion,Ithinkthatbothsidesoftheargumentarerightinsomeway.However,Iwouldliketotakeamoreneutralposition.

9)Thereissometruthinthesearguments,buttheyoverlookadeeperandmorebasicfactorthat…

10)Somepeoplebelievethatinternationalsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenationsandthatifcountriesplaygamestogethertheywilllearntolivetogether.Otherssaythattheoppositeistrue:thatinternationalcontestsencouragefalsenationalprideandleadtomisunderstandingandhatred.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments,butitisstillmystrongconvictionthat…11)Itistruethatmoneycanbringusacomfortablelife,butitisnottheonlythingthatweareseekingafter.

12)AsfarasthepersonalinsuranceinChinaisconcerned,Ithink,thereisboundtobeabrightfuture.

13)Astotheroleofinformationinthefuture,Ibelievethatitwillplayamoreandmoreimportantroleinthemodernsociety.

14)Asfortheirdifferences,myopinionisthatbothgenerationsshouldmakeallowanceforeachother.

15)Personally,Iaminfavorofeducationenteringmarketsinceitisaserviceindustry.

16)Tomymind,weshouldattachgreatimportancetothebalancedecologyandwell-protectedenvironment.

17)Istronglysuggestthatthefirstpriorityshouldbegiventoeducationbecausescienceandtechnologyaretheprimeproductiveforce.21）比較對(duì)比句型

1)Justaswoodsareindispensabletobirds,soistheearthtohumanbeings.

2)Asfaraspersonalityisconcerned,theyhavealmosteverythingincommon.

3)Myhobbyissimilartohisinthatwebothlikecollectingrecords,foreignanddomestic.

4)Astheeconomiesofallcountriesarecloselyinterrelatednocountrycandevelopinself-seclusion.ThesameistrueofChina.

5)Beijingispopulousandcrowded,whileCanberraisjusttheopposite.

6)China’sconditiondiffersfromoursinthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.7)Itseemssafetosaythattheadvantagesofmarriageoutweighthedisadvantagesofdivorce.

8)Perhapsnothingcanrivalthepleasurefromreading.

9)Therecouldbenodoubtthatjob-hoppinghasitsdrawbacksaswellasmerits.

10)Menmaybesuperiortowomeninphysicalaffairs.Yet,thereisnodifferenceinintelligence.

11)People’sattitudetowardsdrugsvariesfrompersontoperson.22）結(jié)論句型

1)Aslongasweactintelligentlyandpromptly,wecansurelysolvetheproblemofwatershortage.

2)Aslongaswetakeeffectivemeasures,theproblemscausedbytheagedsocietywillbereducedtothesmallestextent.

3)Aslongasthegovernmentandindividualsstrivehard,therewillcertainlybeawayoutforthelaid-offworkers.

4)Whateverchangesareresponsiblefortheriseindivorcerate,onethingiscertain:thereisasignificantchangeinpeople’straditionalviewsofmarriageanddivorce.

5)Inshort(Inaword/Allinall/Tosumup),greateffortsshouldbemadetoenhanceethicandmoraleducationwhenhighpriorityisgiventotheeconomicdevelopment.6)Itisonlywhenthesemeasuresareputintopracticethattheshortageofwatercanbesolved.7)Onlywhentheoldageproblemiswellhandledcanwemaintainastableandharmonioussociety.8)Ifpeoplefromallwalksoflifepayenoughattentiontothisproblem,ourlifeinthecitywillcertainlybemoreenjoyable.9)Judgingfromallevidenceoffered,wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatcoeducationisbeneficialtothepsychologicalandintellectualgrowthofbothboyandgirlstudents.10)Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemaycometo(arriveat/reach/draw)theconclusionthatthecityisabetterplaceforchildren’seducation.G．增加練習(xí)寫作的力度(1)復(fù)習(xí)考試常用句型 1.Thiscanbestatedby…2.Therearemanyexamplestoshowthat…3.Ahighpremiumcomestobeplacedon…4.Itis/wasreportedthat…5.Noonecandenythefactthat…6.Weshouldlaydown/formulatelawsandregulationstoprotect/toensure…7.Allofusshouldformtheconsciousnessofenvironmentalprotection.8.Legaleducationshouldbestrengthenedandtheawarenessoflawsamongallcitizensshouldberaised.9.Fundsshouldberaisednation-widetosetup/tohelp…10.Thegovernmentsatalllevelsshouldsetasideadequateamountofmoneyfor…11.Itisacommonviewthat…12.Thereisagrowingawarenessoftheimportanceof…13.Itaketheviewthat…14.Thereisnoreasonforustodoubtthat…15.Intermsofinformationtechnology,therewillbeseveralimpressivecharacterstomention.16.Whenitcomestohighereducation,…17.Manypositivetrendsappeartobeassociatedwith…18.Inthemindsofmanypeople,economicsuccessandaffluenceareequatedwithgoodnessoratleastwithrightness.19.Workingismorethanearningforaliving.(morethan不僅僅是)20.Theyspendmuchtime(in)doinghomework.21.Theyspendalotofmoneyonbooks.22.Themarketsarefloodedwithfakecommodities.（2）圖表/圖畫法圖表中常表示“開端、導(dǎo)論”的句式（一）：Thefigureindicates/shows/displays/provesthat…Eg.1)Thechartreflects/displaysthenumberofpopulationinAfrica.2)Thesefiguresshowthatcollegestudentscanbudgettheirexpensesfairlywell.3)ThechartindicatesthesubjectsstudiedbyuniversitystudentsinNewZealandduringthelatteroflastcentury.圖表中常表示“開端、導(dǎo)論”的句式（二）：Accordingtothe/Asisshowninthe/Ascanbeseenfromthetable/bar/piechart/figures/graph/diagram,wecanseeclearlythat…圖表中表示“升降”趨勢的句式或詞（一）Thenumberofincreased/rose/decreased/dropped/fellsuddenly/rapidly/dramatically/sharply/steeply/slightlyfrom…to…/between…and…1)TheeasternTerritoriesincreasedslightlyinthesameperiod2)Itincreasedsubstantiallyatthebeginningoftheyear.3)Thenumberofwomengrewsharplyfrom1,000to50,000.4)Thenumberofmalesmokersdiminishedsignificantlydroppedsharply/reduceddramaticallyafter1986.圖表中表示“升降”趨勢的句式或詞（二）Therewasasudden/rapid/dramatic/significant/slightincrease/rise/decrease/drop/fallinthenumberof…from…to…/between…and…Therewasagradualincreaseinindustry.Indiaexperiencedasteadyrisebetween1950and1960.Therewasadramatic/big/hugeincreaseincomputer.漫畫/圖示作文中表示“開端、導(dǎo)論”的句式：Accordingtothe/Asisshowninthe/Ascanbeseenfromthecartoon/figures/picture,wecanseeclearlythat…Thepurposeofthiscartoon/pictureistotellus/showus/indicatethat…表示“所占比例”或“百分比”的句式：Therefore,magazinesaccountedforthegreatestnumberofsales.Rentandfoodstandatexaltlyathirdofthetotalamountspentbystudentsamountingto$100perweek.Herewomenrepresent45%andmen60%oftheteachersinthecategory.圖表中表示結(jié)尾總結(jié)的句式：Whathasbeensaidmaybesummedupinafewwords.Fromthediagramitcanbesafelyconcludedthat…Inconclusion,themenoccupyagreaterpercentageof…Insummary/Inaword/Allinall/,wecanseethat…H．議論文和說明文句式（1）首段寫作常用的句式：Whenaskedabout/Whenitcomesto/Facedwiththeproblem,most/some/fewstudentsbelievethat…,butotherstudentsconsider…differentlyWiththeimprovement/progress/invention/growth/developmentofcomputer/economy/livingstandard/scienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlife.Whenitcomesto/Whenaskedaboutthematter,people’sopinionsdiffer,somebelievethat…,whileotherssuggest/claimthat…Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleastotheview/idea/roleof…,somepeopleclaimthat…,whileothersbelievethat…Thereisgeneraldiscussiontodayabouttheproblem/issueof….Thosewhocriticize…arguesthat….Theybelievethat….Butpeoplewhoadvocate…,ontheotherhand….Mostpeopleareoftheopinionthat…,butinspiteof….Ipersonallybelievethat…Recently,theeducationhasbecomethefocusofthesociety.Nowadaysmanywomenarebeginningtobeawareoftheadvantagesofjob.Now,itisgenerallyacknowledgedthat…,theybelieve….ButIdoubtwhether…Accordingtoarecentreportthereisanincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoindicateconcernabouttheproblemofenvironmentpollution.Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernovertheissue/problemof…Recentlymoreandmore…arefaced/confrontedwiththeproblemof…Oneofthemostpopulartopicspeopleoftentalkabouttodayisthat…（2）結(jié)尾段寫作常用的句式：ingeneral/Generallyspeaking/Itgoeswithoutsayingthat/Onthewhole…Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove/Takingintoaccountallthesefeatures/Judgingfromallevidenceoffered,wemaysafelydrawtheconclusionthat…Inmyopinion,thereisnoeffectivemethod/simpleanswer/quicksolutiontotheconflictof…but…Thereislittledoubt/nodenyingthatfurtherattentionmustbepaidtotheproblemof…Thereisnodenyingthefactthat…Itishightimethatweplacedgreatemphasisonthedevelopmentof…(subjunctivemood)Alltheevidencesupportsanunshakableconclusionthat…Itisnecessarythateffectiveactionsshouldbetakentopreventthesituation.Inmyopinion,thereisnoquicksolutiontotheproblemoftraffic,banningheavyvehiclesdowntownmightbehelpful.歷年考博作文大全華中科技大學(xué)博士生入學(xué)考試部分作文題目：2002年春季 WriteacompositionentitledMyViewonUniversityInternationalizationofnolessthan200wordsbasedonthefollowingChineseoutlines.BesuretowriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.關(guān)于“國際化”的理念大學(xué)“國際化”的主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如何才能實(shí)現(xiàn)大學(xué)“國際化”2002年秋季 Directions:A.Title:WWWandtheworldtoday;B.Wordlimit:nolessthan200words;C.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthe