1994-2017考研英語一試題及答案解析

181-2017年考研英語一試題及答案解析SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!"_____（1）helpingyoufeelcloseand_____（2）topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa_____（3）ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_____（4）gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy_____（5）over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_____（6）theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing_____（7）tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome_____（8）withacold,andtheresearchers_____（9）thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_____（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect._____（11）amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_____（12）."Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_____（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually_____（14）withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie,Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelp_____（15）thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp_____（16）difficulty."Someexperts_____（17）thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"_____（18）itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit_____（19）inthebrain,whereit_____（20）mood,behaviorandphysiology.1.A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2.A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3.A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice4.A．a(chǎn)void B．forget C．recall D．keep5.A．collecting B．a(chǎn)ffecting C．guiding D．involving6.A．on B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．of7.A．devoted B．a(chǎn)ttracted C．lost D．exposed8.A．a(chǎn)long B．a(chǎn)cross C．down D．out9.A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated10.A．served B．restored C．explained D．required11.A．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even12.A．defeats B．symptoms C．errors D．tests13.A．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized14.A．presented B．equipped C．a(chǎn)ssociated D．compared15.A．a(chǎn)ssess B．generate C．moderate D．record16.A．inthenameof B．intheformof C．inthefaceof D．inthewayof17.A．a(chǎn)ttribute B．commit C．transfer D．return18.A．unless B．because C．though D．until19.A．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases20.A．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influences1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)本句句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，“itturnsoutthathugs…”說明擁抱還有其他結(jié)果。因此，前文的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)該為“除此以外”，結(jié)合選項，A．Besides（除此之外）最為合適。2A．equalB．restrictedC．connectedD．inferior【答案】C【解析】本題實為邏輯關(guān)系題。根據(jù)句子前后結(jié)構(gòu)“helpingyoufeelcloseand_____（2）”，我們可以判斷，由于空格處與前面內(nèi)容通過and連接，說明我們要選擇一個單詞與feelclose同義，并且要與后面介詞to連用。因此，通過對于四個選項含義判斷，C選項有“關(guān)聯(lián)的”含義最為符合。3A．viewB．hostC．lessonD．choice【答案】B【解析】此題為固定搭配?！癮hostof”表示大量的。其他選項搭配不合理。4A．a(chǎn)voidB．forgetC．recallD．keep【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)題干信息“awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_____（4）gettingsickthiswinter.”中，出現(xiàn)“even”，表示“甚至”，說明此句話與上一句話存在遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系。上一句話的語義表示“擁抱可以帶來大量的好處”，因此，這句話也應(yīng)該表示擁抱的好處。根據(jù)四個選項含義，A．a(chǎn)void（避免）B．forget（忘記）C．recall（回憶）D．keep（保持），A選項“避免生病”最符合文意。5A．collectingB．a(chǎn)ffectingC．guidingD．involving【答案】D【解析】本題考查現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語，需要選擇一個現(xiàn)在分詞修飾前面的“study”，因此，結(jié)合四個選項A．collecting（收集）B．a(chǎn)ffecting（影響）C．guiding(引導(dǎo))D．involving（涉及、卷入），根據(jù)句子含義，應(yīng)該表達(dá)“關(guān)于涉及400人”的研究。因此正確選項應(yīng)為D6A．onB．inC．a(chǎn)tD．of【答案】A【解析】本題為固定搭配。根據(jù)句義“examinedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs_____（6）theparticipants'…”考查固定搭配“examinedtheeffects…onsth”因此，本題正確選項為A。7A．devotedB．a(chǎn)ttractedC．lostD．exposed【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)句義“commoncoldafterbeing_____（7）tothevirus.”“通常感冒是在。。。細(xì)菌之后發(fā)生的?！苯Y(jié)合選項含義A．devoted（致力于）B．a(chǎn)ttracted（吸引）C．lost（丟失）D．exposed(暴露于)，D選項“暴露在細(xì)菌中…”符合文意。8A．a(chǎn)longB．a(chǎn)crossC．downD．out【答案】C【解析】本題為固定搭配。A．comealongwith(和。。。相處的好)B．comeacrosswith（償付）C．comedownwith（得病，感染）D．comeoutwith（出版，提出），結(jié)合語境，根據(jù)后面與cold（感冒）搭配，C選項“得感冒”搭配最為合理。9A．imaginedB．deniedC．doubtedD．calculated【答案】D【解析】本題為動詞與賓語從句搭配問題。根據(jù)原文“theresearchers_____（9）thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_____（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”動作的主語是“研究人員”，連接后面的賓語從句“擁抱減小壓力的作用”，并且有數(shù)據(jù)支撐。從選項含義A．imagined（想像）B．denied（否認(rèn)）C．doubted（懷疑）D．calculated（計算，推測）來看，賓語從句部分應(yīng)為研究人員計算推測出的結(jié)果。因此，選項D符合要求。10A．servedB．restoredC．explainedD．required【答案】C【解析】本題為動詞含義考查。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，“thestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_____（10）about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.”本題同樣考查研究人員做出的研究結(jié)果，因此，結(jié)合選項含義A．served（服務(wù)）B．restored（存儲）C．explained（解釋）D．required（要求），C選項“解釋”符合語境要求。11A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even【答案】D【解析】本題為邏輯關(guān)系題。A．Thus（因此，表示因果關(guān)系）B．Still（仍然，表示強調(diào)關(guān)系）C．Rather（相反，表示對比關(guān)系）D．Even（甚至，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系）根據(jù)文章上下文邏輯，下文是對上文做進(jìn)一步說明，因此選擇遞進(jìn)關(guān)系比較符合邏輯關(guān)系。D為正確選項。12A．defeatsB．symptomsC．errorsD．tests【答案】B【解析】形容詞與名詞搭配問題。根據(jù)語境“theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_____（12）”所選詞要與severe構(gòu)成合理搭配，再結(jié)合前文語境是關(guān)于對于擁抱實驗的結(jié)果。因此，B．symptoms(癥狀)符合語境要求。正確選項為B。13A．highlightedB．increasedC．controlledD．minimized【答案】B【解析】本題為形容詞修飾。根據(jù)原文"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe_____（13）riskforcoldsthat'susually_____（14）withstress,"，需要選擇一個形容詞來修飾risk。在選項中，A．highlighted（突出的）B．increased（增加的）C．controlled（被控制的）D．minimized（最小的），對比選項含義，B“增加的風(fēng)險”更符合原文語境。14A．presentedB．equippedC．a(chǎn)ssociatedD．compared【答案】C【解析】此題為固定搭配題。A和B選項不可以和with連接。C．a(chǎn)ssociated可以和with連接，意為“與。。。有關(guān)聯(lián)”。D．compared和with連接表示“和。。相比”不符合文章要求。因此，本題正確選項為C.15A．a(chǎn)ssessB．generateC．moderateD．record【答案】B【解析】此題考查動賓搭配。根據(jù)原文“Huggingisamarkerofintimacyandhelp_____（15）thefeeling…”，需要選擇一個動詞能夠和后文的“thefeeling”搭配。分析選項含義：A．a(chǎn)ssess（評估）B．generate（產(chǎn)生）C．moderate（緩和）D．record（記錄），四個選項中，B“generatethefeeling”產(chǎn)生感覺搭配最為合理。因此正選為B。16A．inthenameofB．intheformofC．inthefaceofD．inthewayof【答案】C【解析】此題為短語搭配題。分析選項含義A．inthenameof（以…為名）B．intheformof（以…的形式）C．inthefaceof（面對…）D．inthewayof（以…的方式），結(jié)合文章語境，應(yīng)為“面對困難”搭配最為合理。因此，正確選項為C。17A．a(chǎn)ttributeB．commitC．transferD．return【答案】A【解析】此題為固定搭配題。即：attributesthtosth.因此正確選項為A18A．unlessB．becauseC．thoughD．until【答案】B【解析】此題為邏輯關(guān)系題。選項含義A．unless（除非）B．because（因為）C．though（雖然）D．until（直到。。。才）。結(jié)合原文語境，“oftencalled"thebondinghormone"_____（18）itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,”（經(jīng)常被稱之為“形成親密關(guān)系的荷爾蒙”….它促進(jìn)了關(guān)系的依賴。）從本句來看，前后文屬于因果邏輯關(guān)系。因此正確選項為B19A．remainsB．emergesC．vanishesD．decreases【答案】A【解析】本題為動詞辨析。選項含義為A．remains（仍然）B．emerges（出現(xiàn)）C．vanishes（消失）D．decreases（減少）結(jié)合語境信息“Butsomeofit_____（19）inthebrain,”C和D選項跟文章含義相反。而B選項只表示一種動作。A選項表示它仍然在大腦里存在，最符合文章要求，因此正確選項為A。whereit_____（20）mood,behaviorandphysiology.20A．experiencesB．combinesC．justifiesD．influences【答案】D【解析】本題為動詞辨析。選項含義為A．experiences（經(jīng)歷）B．combines（結(jié)合）C．justifies（替某人辯護(hù)，證明合理）D．influences（影響）。根據(jù)原文語境，“whereit_____（20）mood,behaviorandphysiology.”能夠搭配后面并列的三個賓語“情緒、行為、和生理”，只有D“影響”因此正確選項為D。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.Theword“expedited”(Liner4,Para.5)isclosetinmeaningto

[A]quieter.

[B]cheaper.

[C]wider.

[D]faster.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebest

titleforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution

[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

答案：21-25ACDDC21.答案【A】explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.解析：本題目為例證題，考察論點與論據(jù)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thecrashofEgyptAirFlight804定位到第二段第二句。例證題中的例子為論據(jù)，所要找的答案為論點，而論點在論據(jù)之前，因此該題目的答案是第二段的第一句話。二段首句說的是美國人愿意忍受長時間的安全檢查。正確答案A的American’stolerance是原文Americansarewillingtotolerate的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，currentsecuritychecks是原文的time-consumingsecurity的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾項B的urgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide，原文未提及worldwide，屬于擴大范圍；選項C的majorU.S.majorairports屬于具體信息的干擾；選項D的privacy隱私并未提及，是常識性干擾。22.答案【C】Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.解析：本題目為原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的longwaitsatmajorairports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resultedin與題干中的contributedto是同義轉(zhuǎn)化，所以定位內(nèi)容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正確答案C的anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers是原文ariseinairlinetravel的同義替換。干擾項A的carry-onbags是在第四段的最后一句出現(xiàn)的，非定位句內(nèi)容；選項B的TSAefficiency也出現(xiàn)在第四段；選項D的unexpectedsecretchecks未提及。23.答案【D】faster.解析：本題目為詞義句意題，考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)題干，定位到第5段第3句，“Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes”，結(jié)合下一句中的這樣會savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved，即可以節(jié)省時間的安檢，與選項對應(yīng)就是答案Dfaster更快。干擾項A更安靜，選項B更便宜，選項C更廣泛，都無關(guān)，屬于常識性干擾。24.答案【D】anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.解析：本題目為具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞problemwiththePreCheckprogram定位到倒數(shù)第二段的第二句話thispricetaghasbeenthePreCheck’sfatalflaw.本句中的代詞this代詞指代本段第一句話，說的是Passengers必須每五年pay85美元來做backgroundchecks。正確答案D中的unreasonableprice是原文的85美元，enrollment就是原文的processbackgroundchecks。干擾項A其規(guī)模的極具下滑未提及，選項C其錯誤的執(zhí)行屬于過度推理，選項C政府不愿意支持是對原文的曲解。25.答案【C】GettingStuckinSecurityLines解析：本題目為全文主旨題。全文的中心主題出現(xiàn)在第一段和二段首句的范圍。第一段介紹事實背景，第二段首句提及了美國人對于安全檢查方面的狀況，并在下文提及了所出現(xiàn)的問題。正確答案C安檢流程線陷入困境是對原文的總結(jié)概括。干擾項A的Screening是原文的具體細(xì)節(jié)，選項B和選項D的PreCheck是原文最后三段的內(nèi)容。Text2

“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope’svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani’sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers’featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsgeographicalfeatures.

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday’sastronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians’hostility.

30.Theauthor’sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.答案：26-30BABCD26.答案【B】theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.解析：本題目為具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞QueenLiliuokalani的remark定位到第一段的第一句，所indicate的內(nèi)容是在第一段的第二句話，意思是觀星者是在Hawaiian社會中最受尊重的成員。正確選項B的theimportanceofastronomy是原文starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembers的總結(jié)概括，inancientHawaiiansociety是原文的原詞出現(xiàn)。干擾項A的historicalrole屬于原文信息的曲解，選項C的regrettabledecline未提及，過度推理，選項D不是inhertime，是她評論ancient的觀星者。27.答案【A】itsgeographicalfeatures.解析：本題目為具體細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的大寫字母MaunaKea，以及關(guān)鍵詞idealastronomicalsite定位到第二段But后面的內(nèi)容。But后面說MaunaKea是世界上最有力量的望遠(yuǎn)鏡home。本題目問的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，這里提到MaunaKea的頂峰高于大部分的濃密大氣層。選項A中的geographicalfeatures就是地質(zhì)特色的意思，屬于同義替換。干擾項B的受保護(hù)的周邊環(huán)境未提及，是常識性干擾；選項C的宗教暗示根據(jù)本段首句worship進(jìn)行干擾，不在定位句里；選項D現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施未提及。28.答案【B】itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.解析：本題目屬于原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theconstructionoftheTMT以及opposedbysomelocals定位到第四段第二句，這里提到apainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation，對曾經(jīng)主權(quán)國家遭占領(lǐng)的痛苦提醒。選項B中的remind是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，ahumiliatinghistory（令人恥辱的歷史）是對theoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation的同義轉(zhuǎn)化及總結(jié)概括。29.答案【C】mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.解析：本題目屬于細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第5段，關(guān)鍵詞progressintoday’sastronomy再第五段中沒有。此種情況下，考慮段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及轉(zhuǎn)這句。先看首句無答案，看本段尾句提到，或許那就是我們探索星際空間的原因，好像會回答有關(guān)我們自己及我們真正祖先的最原始回答。選項C首先may是對原文asif的解讀，uncover同義替換answer，theoriginofHawaiianculture是原文ourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes的同義轉(zhuǎn)化。干擾項A的dreams本段中沒有，干擾項B的Hawaiianculture本段有提及，但未指出acrosstheworld，干擾項D的softenhostility屬于過度推斷。30.答案【D】fullapproval解析：第一段第二句Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷現(xiàn)在的天文學(xué)不太妙。所以，對于現(xiàn)在夏威夷天文學(xué)不太妙的處境，作者用了一個sadly來形容，明明白白地表達(dá)了他的藍(lán)瘦香菇。而夏威夷現(xiàn)在不太妙的處境具體指什么？在下一句清楚地說明了ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos意思是我們要搞個巨牛的望遠(yuǎn)鏡，你們居然不同意！所以兩句結(jié)合一塊，作者的態(tài)度就明白了，他是支持建望遠(yuǎn)鏡的。在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者態(tài)度的線索ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembracetheirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.意思是說有人跑到你們那兒去，接受你們的文化遺產(chǎn)，去看星星看月亮，你們?yōu)槊粴g迎？咳咳，正經(jīng)點兒說，就是用了noreason和cannot雙重否定既強調(diào)又強調(diào)，還帶點兒不可置信地趕腳說夏威夷人應(yīng)該歡迎每一個到他們那兒去研究天文，并且欣賞他們的文化遺產(chǎn)culturalheritage的每一個人everyone。具體到這篇文章，他們的文化遺產(chǎn)在第五段和第一段都有說，就是天文研究，而每一個人當(dāng)然應(yīng)該包括這些想建天文望遠(yuǎn)鏡的人。所以作者的態(tài)度旗幟鮮明，就是全力支持。所以正確答案是D。Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes–allthingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

[B]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[C]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebest

forthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson

[B]GDPfigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-being答案：31-35DCDCA31.答案【D】hadalowopinionofGDP.解析：題目問的是Robert被引用是因為什么。根據(jù)題目中的人名定位到第一段第一句話RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”這句話是說這個人認(rèn)為一個國家的GDP可以衡量所有東西，除了讓生活有意義的事。這個觀點擺明了Robert對GDP持不欣賞的態(tài)度。D選項alowopinion不高的評價，顯然是對原文的概括性描述，因此選D。32.答案【C】GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.解析：題目明確說了從第二段中找答案。A選項中的economicpattern在原文中沒有直接的表達(dá)，但在二段末句···peoplevoteforBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?中，原文有提到人們投票脫歐，盡管有很多人警告他們這樣做可能會對國家經(jīng)濟(jì)前景有影響。這說明英國人不怕改變現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，因此與A中的reluctant不情愿不相符。B選項中英國對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)問題，在第二段中完全沒提，只有theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld英國GDP讓西方世界嫉妒的表述。C選項說GDP用來衡量幸福的作用以及被英國人普遍否定了。原文中第二段第二句說itisaflawedconcept，認(rèn)為GDP是有問題的，第三句緊接著說Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo表面GDP其實忽視了很多關(guān)鍵的東西，并不能衡量幸福。第四句、第五句拿UK來舉例，說英國GDP很好，但是人們卻要脫歐來改變現(xiàn)狀，暗示人們的生活并不好。整段說明了英國人并不認(rèn)為他們的高GDP給她們帶來了好的生活，與C選項正好形成正話反說，為正確選項。D選項policymakers在第二段第一句出現(xiàn)，并不存在所謂英國的policymakers，更沒有談過其是否關(guān)注GDP。33.答案【D】Itsresultsareenlightening.解析：這題根據(jù)題干中的recentannualstudy定位到第三段第一句Arecentannualstudy...and...shedssomelightonthatquestion。這句話中的shedlighton短語就是照亮，闡釋的意思，跟D選項中的enlighten啟發(fā)是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，因此為正確答案。34．答案【C】itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.解析：從題目可知答案來自于最后兩段。第六段第一句···,asameasure,itisnolongerenough說明GDP不靠譜，第二句Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactors···thatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being說明GDP沒有包含所有個人幸福的要素。最后一段最后一句Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.也明確說了制定政策的人要關(guān)注提高福利，而不是簡單關(guān)注GDP數(shù)字。這些句子都與C選項factorsbeyondGDP相符。35.答案【A】HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKlesson解析：第一段第一句就引用名人名言，說GDP是不靠譜的，第二句就拿英國脫歐舉例，說itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto，表明英國脫歐證明他說得有道理，咱們要好好聽聽。第二段繼續(xù)說英國GDP高，但是人們要搞事——脫歐，說明人們?nèi)兆硬缓眠^。第三段，第四段開始分析為啥英國人不乖乖聽話過日子，原來是福利在后退butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline。第五段直接說富裕國家要引以為戒：Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn。所以整篇文章的主題就是GDP不靠譜，福利不給力不行，英國脫歐是例證。A選項正好包括了這三個要素，HighGDP,InadequateWell-being和aUKlesson因此選A。Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.Butitdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

Thehighcourt’sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnell’strailfailedtotellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis“officialacts,”ortheformergovernor’sdecisionson“specific”and“unsettled”issuesrelatedtohisduties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoorsis“distasteful”and“nasty.”Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnotan“officialact.”

Thecourt’srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionofbribery.“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,”wroteChiefJusticeJohnRobertsforthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheirconstituentsandactontheirconcerns.”

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequireswill-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader’ssourceofwealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety–thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.Goodgovernmentrestsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

Thecourt’srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficialfavoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablys