選修八Unit5知能演練輕松奪冠

Ⅰ.完形填空Sincethe1990s，theSanjiangPlainarea，withatotalarablelandareaof3.5millionhectares，hassufferedworseningdroughts.Theworst__1__struckasmuchas40percentofitsfarmland，andtherearenowmorethan808,000hectaresoffarmlandthatarevulnerable(易受攻擊的)todroughts.Scientistssaida(n)__2__indroughts，floodsandsandstormsinnorthernChinainrecentyears__3__theshrinkingwetlands.“Asthecountry’slargestecological__4__，environmentalprotectioninHeilongjiangProvincehashuge__5__onnortheasternandnorthernChina，”saidSunYao，vicegovernorofHeilongjiangProvince.ManyriversandwatersystemsinHeilongjiang__6__neighboring__7__，sotheecologicaleffectstretchesbeyondChina’sborders，hesaid.Andhe__8__thatHeilongjiang，__9__theSanjiangPlain，alsoisimportanttoChina’sfoodandenergysecurityfuture.Expertssaidthe__10__inSanjiangPlainareconsidered__11__importantandrepresentoneofthemostimportantbreedingsitesforwaterfowl(水鳥)．Thewetlandsarealso__12__forthenumbersandspeciesofglobally__13__waterfowl.Now，theChinesegovernmenthasrealizedthatitmustspeedupitseffortsto__14__itswetlands.ApioneerofwetlandsprotectioninChina，theHeilongjiangprovincialgovernmenthas__15__anycultivationandexcavationofwetlandssince1999.【文章大意】本文主要介紹黑龍江三江平原濕地減少的現(xiàn)狀以及原因。1．A.flood B．droughtC．famine D．earthquake解析：選B。詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。由本文第一段可知，該空講述的是干旱所帶來(lái)的災(zāi)害。2．A.increase B．decreaseC．limit D．change解析：選A。句意：近年來(lái)華北地區(qū)干旱、洪水以及沙塵暴的增加導(dǎo)致了濕地的減少。因此，只有A項(xiàng)符合題意。3．A.resultsfrom B．leadstoC．liesin D．catersto解析：選B。leadto導(dǎo)致；帶來(lái)；resultfrom因?yàn)椤?；liein在于……；caterto迎合……。4．A.province B．townC．nation D．city解析：選A。考查常識(shí)。黑龍江是一個(gè)省。而不是鎮(zhèn)、城市或國(guó)家。5．A.habits B．effectsC．causes D．relation解析：選B。haveeffectson是固定搭配，表示“對(duì)……有影響”。6．A.arrive B．comeC．reach D．a(chǎn)ttach解析：選C。指黑龍江的河流及水域系統(tǒng)延伸到(reach)其鄰近國(guó)家，A、B選項(xiàng)是不及物動(dòng)詞，搭配不符，D意思不符。7．A.Britain B．AmericaC．Japan D．Russia解析：選D?？疾槌ＷR(shí)。根據(jù)前面的“neighboring”一詞可知，只有D合理，即與中國(guó)相鄰，且黑龍江的水系能夠到達(dá)的國(guó)家是俄羅斯。8．A.explained B．a(chǎn)ddedC．thought D．a(chǎn)rgued解析：選B。add在這里表示“補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，又說(shuō)道”。9．A.specially B．naturallyC．necessarily D．especially解析：選D。句意：黑龍江(尤其是三江平原)對(duì)于中國(guó)的糧食和能源安全來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的。specially表示“特殊地”；naturally“自然地”；necessarily“必然地”。10．A.droughts B．floodsC．wetlands D．sandstorms解析：選C。下面講的是濕地對(duì)于水鳥的重要性。11．A.globally B．finallyC．naturally D．totally解析：選A。globally“全球地，全世界地”，意指三江平原具有重要意義。12．A.difficult B．easyC．terrible D．significant解析：選D。講述濕地對(duì)水鳥的數(shù)量以及物種有著重要的意義，其它選項(xiàng)與文意不相符。13．A.detailed B．threatenedC．a(chǎn)ttacked D．bored解析：選B。threatened意為“受到威脅的”，指因干旱濕地減少，從而使水鳥受到威脅。14．A.create B．riseC．save D．produce解析：選C。下面幾句話講的是有關(guān)方面對(duì)拯救(保護(hù))濕地做出的努力，而不是創(chuàng)造濕地。15．A.stopped B．startedC．banned D．promoted解析：選C。即禁止對(duì)濕地進(jìn)行耕種和挖掘。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)法填空WhenverysmalldinosaurboneswerefoundinaGermanyminepeoplethoughttheywerefrombabydinosaurs.1.____________scientistMartinSander’sworkshowsthattheywereprobablyfully2.____________(grow)andbelongtothesmallestgiantdinosaurspecieseverfound.Growthmarksondinosaurbonesaresimilar3.____________growthringsontrees.Theringsarefarapartwhiletheanimalisyoungandgrowingquickly.4.____________getcloserasgrowthslows.“Itis5.____________(exact)thesetightringmarksthatwefoundinthefossil(化石)bones，”saysSander.Sothefossilsmusthavebeenfromadultanimals.6．____________wasthisGermandinosaursomuchsmallerthanothergiantdinosaurs,whichgrewupto45metreslongandweighedasmuchasathousandhumans？150millionyearsago,mostofGermanywasunderwater.Scientiststhinkthat7.____________waterlevelsrose,therewaslessandlesslandandfoodavailable.Thedinosaur8.____________(force)toadaptandevolvedintoasmalleranimal9.____________(need)lessspaceandfood.Since1998,scientistshavedugupmorethan1,000dinosaurfossilsinthemine.Itisoneofthefewplacesintheworld10.____________thebonesandfootprintsofdinosaurshavebeenfoundtogether.【文章大意】本文講述德國(guó)煤礦工人發(fā)現(xiàn)了很小的恐龍化石，科學(xué)家MartinSander經(jīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它已經(jīng)完全成長(zhǎng)成熟，屬于一種最小型的恐龍物種。1．解析：考查連詞。兩句之間的babydinosaurs與fullygrown是完全不同的兩個(gè)方面。句子間是轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系。答案：But2．解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)。that后已經(jīng)有連系動(dòng)詞were，所以只能作非謂語(yǔ)，“已經(jīng)完全成長(zhǎng)成熟”，用過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)形容詞表示完成的動(dòng)作。答案：grown3．解析：考查介詞。詞組搭配：besimilarto對(duì)……很熟悉。答案：to4．解析：考查代詞。句子是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，缺少主語(yǔ)，用代詞；指代上文的growthrings，指事物的復(fù)數(shù)，所以用they。答案：They5．解析：考查副詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，句子不缺少成分，從意思上分析“我們?cè)诳铸埞穷^化石里發(fā)現(xiàn)的正是緊密的年齡紋”exactly作“正是”意思，修飾整個(gè)句子。答案：exactly6．解析：考查疑問(wèn)副詞。句子的結(jié)尾是一個(gè)問(wèn)號(hào)，把句子變成陳述句thisGermandinosaurwassomuchsmallerthanothergiantdinosaurs發(fā)現(xiàn)不缺少主要成分，根據(jù)上下文可知意思應(yīng)該是疑問(wèn)“為什么”所以用why。答案：Why7．解析：考查連詞。that后有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：rose和therewas...所以需要連詞連接兩個(gè)句子。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。從意思上分析：“當(dāng)水平面上升的時(shí)候……”是狀語(yǔ)從句，用when。答案：as/when8．解析：考查謂語(yǔ)。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：橫線后有并列謂語(yǔ)andevolvedinto，所以force也作謂語(yǔ)，用相同的時(shí)態(tài)，“被迫改變”表示被動(dòng)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。答案：wasforced9．解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子已經(jīng)有并列謂語(yǔ)wasforcedandevolvedinto，所以need只能作非謂語(yǔ)。它與邏輯主語(yǔ)Thedinosaur構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用v.-ing形式。答案：needing10．解析：考查連詞。橫線前后有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)is和havebeenfound，句子里沒(méi)有連詞或分號(hào)，所以要補(bǔ)充連詞。橫線后不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。分析句子成分：句子屬于定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指地點(diǎn)，所以用where。答案：whereⅢ.閱讀理解AAlthoughWuHuifeiwasonlyaconcubine(妃子)ofTangXuanzong(685AD～762AD)，thesixthemperoroftheTangDynasty，herinfluencewasfargreaterthanmostinherposition.Historianssaythattherulerlovedhersomuchthat，in724AD，hebanishedhiswifeandmadeWuaroyalconcubine.“Althoughshewasonlyaconcubine，shewastreatedasanempress，”explainedShiXiaoqun，directorofrelicscollectionforShaanxiHistoryMuseum.“TangXuanzongevenwantedtomakeherhisempressbutwasopposedbytheministers.”TheemperorhadthousandsofconcubinesinhispalaceinChang’an(nowcalledXi’an，capitalofShaanxiProvince)but，accordingtoShi，heonlylovedWu，themotherofsevenofhischildren.WudiedintheDecemberof737ADattheageof38andwasburiedinJinglingMausoleum.ShewasgiventhetitleEmpressZhenshunafterherdeath.“It’srareforaconcubinetobegivensomuchposthumous(死后獲得的)honourinthehistoryofChinesefeudalsociety，”saidLiuDaiyun，researchdirectorattheShaanxiArchaeologicalResearchInstitute.Hertomb－53meterswideby56meterslong－islocatedinthewestofPangliuvillage，whichispartofXi’an’sChang’anDistrict.Therecoveredsarcophagus(石棺)is4meterslong,2meterswideand2meterstallandisdecoratedwithflowersandmaidenfigures，whicharchaeologistssayisarareculturalrelicofhighscientific，historicalandartisticvalue.Inancienttimes，asarcophaguswasusedtohousewoodcoffinsinordertopreservethebodyofthenobleperson.“IknewitwaspreciousbutIdidn’tknowitwassobeautiful，”saidHanQinglong，whoheadedtheteamthatbroughttherelicbacktoChinafouryearsafteritwasstolenandsoldabroadbytombraiders.【文章大意】歷史上武惠妃受到唐玄宗的寵愛(ài)并產(chǎn)生巨大影響，死后更享有一般妃子無(wú)法企及的殊榮。這一點(diǎn)從發(fā)掘出的武惠妃的陵墓和其石棺的豪華程度就可以窺見(jiàn)一斑。1．Theunderlinedword“banished”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“________”．A．killed B．removedC．divorced D．persuaded解析：選B。詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上下文判斷，唐玄宗如此寵愛(ài)武惠妃所以他趕走皇后，想立武惠妃做皇后。banish在本句中有“驅(qū)逐，趕走”之意。2．Thepassagemainlyfocuseson________.A．thelifestoryofWuHuifeiB．thereasonwhyWuHuifeiwasfavouredbyTangXuanzongC．thescientific，historicalandartisticvalueoftherecoveredsarcophagusofWuHuifeiD．theinfluenceofWuHuifeiandherposthumoushonour解析：選D。主旨大意題。本文主要圍繞武惠妃生前受到唐玄宗的寵愛(ài)并產(chǎn)生巨大影響及死后所享有的殊榮而展開(kāi)敘述的，故選D項(xiàng)。3．WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutWuHuifeiisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Shewasn’tmadeempressbyTangXuanzongbecauseoftheoppositionfromtheministers.B．Shewasbornin737ADanddiedin775AD.C．NootherwomanhasagreaterinfluenceonChinesehistorythanshedoes.D．Likemanyconcubines，shewasgivenmuchhonourafterherdeath.解析：選A。由第三段最后一句可知，由于群臣反對(duì)，武惠妃沒(méi)能被冊(cè)封為皇后。4．WecaninferfromthepassagethatthesarcophagusofWuHuifei________.A．hasbeenwellpreservedinJinglingMausoleumB．isusedtoholdherbodyC．isasymbolofherhighstatusatthattimeD．wassoldabroadfouryearsago解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中對(duì)武惠妃石棺的描述可推知武惠妃的石棺是那時(shí)她崇高地位的象征。5．Theauthor’sattitudetowardsWuHuifeiis________.A．objective B．positiveC．negative D．critical解析：選A。推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，作者對(duì)武惠妃的描述是客觀的。BNewarchaeologicaldiscoverssuggestthattradebetweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadprobablybeganinsomeformmanycenturiesearlierthanoncethought.Thefindings，coupledwithawideningrangeofscientificandhistoricalresearchcouldaddafascinatingnewpagetotheepicoftheSilkRoad.ThemostsurprisingdiscoveryispiecesofsilkfoundinthehairofanEgyptianmummyfromabout1000BC，longbeforeregulartrafficontheSilkRoadandatleastonethousandyearsbeforesilkwaspreviouslythoughttobeusedinEgypt.Otherresearchmayextendhumanactivityalongthisroutebackevenfurther，perhapsamillionyearstothemigrationofhumanancestorsintoeasternAsia.TheofficialoriginofEast-Westcommercealongtheroadisusuallyplacedinthelate2ndcenturyBCwhenanagentoftheChineseEmperorWu-direturnedfromadangeroussecretmission(使命)acrossthewesterndesertintotheremotehighcountryofCentralAsia.Theagent，ZhangQian，travelledasfarasAfghanistanandbroughtbackknowledgeofevenmoredistantlandssuchasPersia，SyriaandaplaceknownasLijien.Historianshavecalledthisoneofthemostimportantjourneysinancienttimes.Hisjourneyopenedthewayforwhathavebeenthoughttobethefirstindirectcontactsbetweentheancientworld’stwosuperpowers，ChinaandRome.Chinesesilk，firsttradedtocentralAsiantribesforwarhorsesandtotheParthiansofoldPersiainexchangeforacrobatsandostricheggs，wassoonfindingitswaythroughanetworkofmerchantstotheluxurymarketsinRome.ButthenewdiscoveriesshowthatChinesesilkwasapparentlypresentintheWestlongbeforetheHanemperorstartedorganizedtradeovertheSilkRoad.TheresearchcouldchangethethinkingabouttheearlyhistoryofworldtradeandprovideinsightsintothemysteryofjusthowandwhenEuropeandtheMediterraneanlandsfirstbecameawareofthegloriouscultureattheotherendofEurasia.【文章大意】本文是介紹最新考古發(fā)現(xiàn)的說(shuō)明文。從文中可以看出我們?cè)詾榈慕z綢之路的歷史實(shí)際上可能會(huì)更早。6．Theunderlinedword“coupled”inthefirstparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby________.A．produced B．contributedC．doubled D．combined解析：選D。詞義理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知：新的考古發(fā)現(xiàn)表明歷史上的歐亞之間的絲綢之路開(kāi)始的歷史要比我們知道的還要早。考古的發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)合“coupled”科學(xué)和歷史的研究，會(huì)給絲綢之路的歷史翻開(kāi)嶄新的一頁(yè)。7．ThesilkthreadfoundinthehairofanEgyptianmummysuggeststhat________.A．EgyptianshadprobablytravelledtoChinatobuysilkB．tradealongtheSilkRoadbeganearliertha