2022交大附中高三完型和閱讀自主提升卷十二

高三英語完型和閱讀自主提升卷（十二）I.ClozeTest:Transition.It’sapleasantwordandacalmingconcept.Changemay______1_____someandchallengeothers.Buttransitionmeansgoingsurelyandsweetlyfromsomewherepresenttosomewherefutureunlessitisnewspapers’‘transition’tothe_____2_____world,anuncertainandhighlyuncomfortableprocess—because,frankly,itmaynotbeaprocessatall.Butsurely(yousay)itisverylikelytohappeneventually.Everybodyknowsthatprintnewspapersalesaredroppingwhilevisitstothesamepapers’websiteskeeponrocketing.Justlookatthelatestprintcirculation(發(fā)行量)_____3_____.TheDailyTelegraph,TheGuardianandmanyoftherestaredownoverallbetween8%and10%year-on-year,buttheirwebsitesgoeverhigher.Allofwhichmaywellbetrue._____4_____,everyone—fromwebacademicstoprintanalysts—sayso.Yetpauseforawhileandcountafewlittlethingsthatdon’tquite_____5_____.Oneisthemagazineworld,bothintheUKandintheUS.Itoughttobe_____6_____,wreckedbythemovetothetabletswhichfitexistingmagazinepagesizessoperfectly.But,infact,therateofdeclineinmagazinepurchasingisrelativelysmall,withsubscriptions(訂閱)holdingupstronglyandadvertisingremarkably_____7_____.Youcandiscoverasimilarphenomenonwhenitcomestobooks.Kindleandsimilare-readersare_____8____,withsalesupmassivelythisyear.Theapparentfirststepoftransitioncouldn’tbe_____9_____.Yet,whenbooksellersexaminedthevalueofthephysicalbookstheysoldoverthelastsixmonths,theyfounditjust0.4%down._____10_____orpaper,then?Itwasn’toneortheother:itwasboth.Soifsalesinthatareahavefallensolittle,perhapsthecrisismostlyaffects_____11_____?Yetagain,though,Europedifferentcountrieshavedifferentstoriestotell.There’sBritain,witha10.8%dropinrecentyears(anda19.6%fallforqualitypapers),butinGermanythedeclinehasonlybeen7%allround—withamere0.8%losttoqualitytitles.AndFranceshowsonlya3.1%_____12_____(0.8%atthequalityendofthemarket).Such_____13_____nationaltrendsmaywellreflectasituationfarmorecomplicatedthanthesupportersofdigitalrevolutionassume.America’smediaanalystsusedtoarguethatboomingonlineadvertisingrevenues(收入)wouldpayforchangeand,alongwithlowerproductioncosts,makeonlinenewspapersanatural_____14_____.Butnow,withdigitaladvertisementsonnewspapersitesactuallydroppingback,suchassumptionsseemlike_____15_____.1.A.excite B.frighten C.satisfy D.

fool2.A.online B.present C.publishing D.

outside3.A.problems B.efficiency C.figures D.

system4.A.Sureenough B.Allinall C.Intheend D.

After

all5.A.fit B.exist C.remain D.

appear6.A.working B.collapsing C.developing D.changing7.A.solid B.low C.convenient D.creative8.A.contracting B.annoying C.booming D.demanding9.A.clearer B.morecorrect C.slower D.more

distant10.A.Book B.Pencil C.Screen D.Sale11.A.websites B.books C.magazines D.newspapers12.A.rise B.fall C.difference D.prediction13.A.downward B.inevitable C.growing D.varying14.A.evolution B.disaster C.product D.success15.A.gratitude B.evidence C.history D.fashionII.Readingcomprehension:(A)HowtobeaWinnerSirStevenRedgraveWinnerof5OlympicGoldMedals“In1997Iwasfoundtohavedevelopeddiabetes(糖尿病).Believingmycareerwasover,Ifeltextremelylow.ThenoneofthespecialistssaidtherewasnoreasonwhyIshouldstoptrainingandcompeting.Thatwasit—theencouragementIneeded.IcouldstillbeawinnerifIbelievedinmyself.Iamnotsayingthatitisn'tdifficultsometimes.ButIwantedtoprovetomyselfthatIwasn'tfinishedyet.Nothingistostandinmyway.”KarenPickeringSwimmingWorldChampion“Iswim4hoursaday,6daysaweek.Imanagethatsortofworkloadbyputtingitontopofmydiary.Thisisthekeytosuccess—youcan’tfollowacareerinanyfieldwithoutbeingwell-organized.Listwhatyoubelieveyoucanachieve.Trustyourself,writedownyourgoalsfortheday,howeversmalltheyare,andyou’llbeastepclosertoachievingthem.”KirstenBestPoet&Writer“Whenthingsaregettinghard,avoiceinsidemyheadtellsmethatIcan'tachievesomething.Then,thereareotherdistractions,suchasfamilyorhobbies.Thekeyistoconcentrate.WhenIfeeltense,ithelpsalottorepeatwordssuchas‘calm’,‘peace’or‘focus’,eitheroutloudorsilentlyinmymind.Itmakesmefeelmoreincontrolandincreasesmyconfidence.Thisisahabitthatcanbecomesecondnaturequiteeasilyandisapowerfulpsychologicaltool.”1.WhatdoesSirStevenRedgravemainlytalkabout?A.Difficultiesinfluencedhiscareer.B.Specialistsofferedhimmedicaladvice.C.Traininghelpedhimdefeathisdisease.D.Heovercametheshadowofillnesstowin.2.WhatdoesKarenPickeringputontopofherdiary?A.Hertrainingschedule.B.Herdailyhappenings.C.Herachievements.D.Hersportscareer.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distractions”probablyreferto？A.Waysthathelponetofocus.B.Wordsthathelponetofeellesstense.C.Activitiesthatturnone'sattentionaway.D.Habitsthatmakeithardforonetorelax.(B)ThingyouneedtoknowaboutstudyingtherestudystyleSincethe1950s,theNetherlandshashadcoursesinEnglishespeciallyforforeignstudents.Studentsareexpectedtobecriticalofwhattheyreadandhear,andtobeableofworkingindependently.ForeignstudentswillsoonnoticethatatDutchinstitutionsforhigherlearningispeopleareexpectedtodoalotoftalking.Themostcommonformofteachingistheseminarorworkinggroup,whereasmallgroupofstudentsworkunderateacher’ssupervisiontoanalyzeacertainproblem.Onexams,theyhavetoshowthattheyknowthematerial,andthattheyhaveformedwell-foundedopinionsonthesubject.AccommodationsIfyouareinanexchangeprogrammeroraninternationalcourse,itisquitepossiblethataroomwillbearrangedforyou.Acceptitimmediately,oryouwillregretitlater.That’sbecausefindingaplacetoliveinacountryascrowdedastheNetherlandsisnoteasy.BeforeyouleaveChina,askyourhostinstitutionwhetherornothousingwillindeedbearrangedinadvance.IfyouareintheNetherlandsandstilllookingforaplace,asktheinternationalrelationsofficeorthestudentdeanforadvice.ExpensesTuition:Bachelor’sdegree:about2,500eurosayearMaster’sdegree:5,000—12,000eurosayearLivingexpenses:ExperiencehasshownthatayearintheNetherlandscostsaChinesestudentabout450—750eurosamonth.Hereisabreakdownofaveragepricesofsupermarketgoods:Litreofmilk:0.5—0.8euroKiloofapples:1.5eurosShampoo,400ml:4eurosTubeoftoothpaste:1euroBedsheet:20eurosOtherexpenses:Haircut:15eurosAirtickettoChina:600—800eurosMobilephonecall(oneminute):0.1—0.3euroPhonecalltoChina(withIPcard):7euros(oneminute)PostagestampintheNetherlands:StampforChina:0.39euro(1euro=about10yuan)0.78euroTransportationTrains,busesandtramsrunthroughoutthecountry.IfyoureallywanttosampleDutchlife,andgetaroundquicklyandeasily,buyyourselfabicycle.Moststudentsbuysecond-handbicycles.Areasonableonewillcostyou70—120euros.Youcanfindthematsecond-handbicycleshopsoratthebicycleparkingfacilitiesnearrailwaystations.1.Teachersforeignstudentstodomuchtalkingandanalyzinginordertomakethem______.A.gethighermarksB.passexamseasierC.beabletoworkindependentlyD.getinclosetouchwitheachother2.Thepassageimpliesthat__________.A.itiseasiertofindaroominNetherlandsB.itisdifficulttofindaroominNetherlandsC.yourhostinstitutionwillsurelyfindaroomforyouD.theinternationalrelationsofficecanfindaroomforyou3.Itcostsatleast_________ayearforaMaster’sdegree.A.104,000yuanB.104,000eurosC.174,000yuanD.134.000euros4.Moststudentsridesecond-handbicyclesmainlybecause_________.A.theycanridethemfastandeasilyB.bicyclesaresafeandcomfortableforridingC.bicyclesareconvenientandeasytoparkD.bicyclesareconvenientandcheap(C)MentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsforEnglishpeoplelivingbetween1660and1800.Mostwomenandmenwhosufferedfrommentalillnesswerenotinstitutionalized,asthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.Muchhasbeenwrittenabouttheinsanethemselvesbutfewstudieshaveconsideredmentalillnessfromtheperspectiveofthecarers.Thelifetimeburdenofcaringforthoseindividualswhosementaldevelopmentdidnotprogressbeyondchildhood,andwhocontemporarieslabeledas‘idiots’or‘fools’,hasbeenlittleexploredbyhistorians.Foyster’sresearch,whichhasbeenfundedbytheLeverhulmeTrust,willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.Byaskingkeyquestionsabouttheimpactof‘careinthecommunity’inthe18thcentury,Foysterhopesthatherresearchwillbridgesocialandmedicalhistory.Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation.“Thestressesandstrainsoffamilylifewereworsenedbyhighinfantmortalityandlowlifeexpectancy,andmanyindividualswerepushedtowardsmentalbreakdown,”sheexplained.“Moreover,inheritedconditions,senility(高齡)andwhattodaywouldbedescribedas‘specialneeds’couldputgreatemotionaldemandsonfamilymemberswhohadprimaryresponsibilityfortheirsickordisabledrelatives.”Theresearchwillshedlightuponhowcaringforthementallyillanddisabledraiseddifficultissuesforfamiliesaboutthelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibility,andwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedbytheexperience.Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.“Thefamilymusthaveseemedaninescapablefeatureofdailylifebetween1660and1800,”saidFoyster.“Althoughtherewerethosewhowereabandonedandrejected,forthemajority,mentaldisabilitywasaccommodatedwithinthefamilyunit.Iaimtogettotheheartofwhatthisreallymeantforpeople’slives.”1.WhichisNOTthereasonwhythosementallyillanddisabledwerenotinstitutionalizedfrom1660to1800?A.Mentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsthen.B.Theextensivebuildingofmentalhospitalsdidn’tstartyet.C.Theywereabandonedbythegovernmentandthefamily.D.Thefamilywouldbefoundguiltyiftheydidn’tcareforthem2.WhydoesFoysterwanttocarryoutthisstudy?A.Becauseitcanprovidesomefoodforthoughtforsomecurrentsocialissues.B.Becausethestressesandstrainsoffamilylifehavedrivenmanypeoplecrazy.C.Becauseshe’slookingforwaystocommunicatewiththesickordisabledpeople.D.Becausethelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibilityinsuchfamiliesinteresther.3.WhichquestionwillNOTbestudiedintheresearch?A.Howshouldresourcestodaybestretchedtoprovideforanagingpopulation?B.Howdidcaringforthesickanddisabledaffectthefamily’searningpower?C.Howshamefuldidafamilyfeelwhentheirinsaneordisabledrelativeswerefoundout?D.Atwhatpointdidthosefamilieshavetobegintolookforoutsidehelp?4.Thepassageiswritteninorderto_________.A.revealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelativesB.provideanhistoricalperspectivetocontemporarydebatesC.shedlightuponwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedD.introduceanewhistoricalstudycarriedoutbyaCambridgehistorian(D)A.Theevidenceindicatesthatthishypothesisapplieschieflytomales.B.ThesepointsofviewarewidelyacceptedbytheU.S.lawmakers.C.Finally,theauthorsexaminedthepossiblecausesforthesexdifferenceinsportsinterest.D.Forexample,ineverysociety,malesparticipateinsportsatleasttwiceasmuchasfemalesintermsoffrequencyofduration.E.Thesepointschallengethefundamentalassumptionsofmanyscholarsandpolicymakers.F.However,howcanweaddresstheissuefromabroad,evolutionaryperspective?Sexdifferenceinsportsinterest:Whatdoesevolutionsay?Sportsareenormouslypopular,andonestrikingpatternisthatboysandmenaretypicallymuchmoreinvolvedthanaregirlsandwomen.Thissexdifferencehaspolicyimplications,anditraisesfundamentalquestionsaboutthematureofsexdifferences.ArecentreviewarticlebyDeaner,Balish,andLombardo(2016),publishedinEvolutionaryBehavioralSciences,analyzestherelevanttheoreticalwork.First,theauthorsdemonstratedthatfemales’under-representationinsport—bothasparticipantsandspectators—generallyreflectstheirlessersportsinterest,notmerelyfeweropportunitiesforinvolvement.Moreover,thissexdifferenceoccursinallsocietiesdescribedthusfar,fromhuntersa