屆高考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)定語從句（外研）

定語從句一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，which，that引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等句子成分。who代指人，作主語或賓語；whom代指人，作動詞賓語或介詞賓語；whose代指人(＝ofwhom)或物(＝ofwhich)，作定語；which代指物，作主語或賓語；that代指人或物，作主語、賓語或表語。ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomasHardy.Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.Heisnolongertheboythatheusedtobetwoyearsago.使用關(guān)系代詞時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：(1)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，但關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which，不可用who或that。Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.Inthedarkstreet，therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(2)“whose＋n.”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，可換成“the＋n.＋ofwhom/which”或“ofwhich＋the＋n.”。Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.Helivesinabighousethewindowofwhichfacesthesea.Helivesinabighouseofwhichthewindowfacesthesea.

(3)which引導(dǎo)的定語從句還可修飾前面整個主句，此時which相當(dāng)于andthis。Hesucceededinthecompetition，whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood，whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.【注】

判斷定語從句用什么引導(dǎo)詞的關(guān)鍵是看先行詞在從句中作什么成分。I’llneverforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwithyouonthefarm.(先行詞theday作spent的賓語：Ispentthedaywithyouonthefarm.)I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedtogetherwithyouonthefarm.(先行詞theday在從句中作狀語：Iworkedtogetherwithyouonthefarmonthatday.)HeworksinthefactorywhichmakescolorTVsets.(先行詞thefactory在從句中作主語：ThefactorymakescolorTVsets.)HeworksinthefactorywherecolorTVsetsaremade.(先行詞thefactory在從句中作狀語：ColorTVsetsaremadeinthefactory.)二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．關(guān)系副詞when，where，why在定語從句中分別表示時間、地點或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，why充當(dāng)原因狀語。當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系副詞。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Lin.Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.2．關(guān)系副詞?？蓳Q成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”。when可換成on/in/bywhich等，where可換成at/in/fromwhich等，why換成forwhich。ThisisthefactorywhereIpaidavisittheotherday.ThisisthefactorytowhichIpaidavisittheotherday.Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedtheotherday.3．that有時可以代替關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時that可以省去，不過這是一種非正式用法。Ithappenedontheday(that/when)Iwasborn.4.way后面的定語從句不能用how引導(dǎo)。如way在從句中作狀語，應(yīng)用inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，甚至還可省略引導(dǎo)詞；如作主語或賓語應(yīng)用that或which引導(dǎo)。Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hetalks.Thewaythat/whichhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemmightbehelpful.5．fromwhere為“介詞＋關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，它也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。Tomhidhimselfbehindthedoor，fromwherehecouldhearthestepsofhismotherclearly.6．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句as有“正如，就像”之意，可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，從句可位于主句的前面、中間或后面；但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句一般只能放在主句之后。Ashadbeenexpected，theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood，whichwehadn’texpected.7．非限制性定語從句與并列句的識別非限制性定語從句與主句之間要用“逗號”分隔，并且不能加入and，but，so等連接詞。并列句一般由and，but，so等詞連接，或中間用“分號”隔開。Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows，mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows，andmostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows；mostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.8．定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句是位于名詞answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，news，order，problem，promise，truth等后的句子，并對這些名詞進(jìn)行補充說明或解釋；從句一般是一個完整的句子，引導(dǎo)詞that只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作句子成分，且that不可省略；同位語從句不可用which引導(dǎo)。而定語從句通常是一個不完整的句子，缺少主語或賓語等。Thefactthatshehasn’tknowntheresultoftheexaminationisclear.Thefact(that/which)shetoldmeyesterdayisveryimportant.過關(guān)落實1．Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter，________theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.

A．thenB．thereC．whileD．where

解析：where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作地點狀語。答案：D2．Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，________hewentontoBeijingUniversity.A．a(chǎn)fterwhichB．a(chǎn)fterthatC．inwhichD．inthat

解析：afterwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句,which指上面的句子Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,表示“在當(dāng)?shù)馗咧惺芙逃笊狭吮本┐髮W(xué)”。答案：A3．Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity________sightmattersmorethanhearing.A．whenB．whoseC．whichD．where

解析：先行詞是activity，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，表示“在這種活動中”，故選where。答案：D4．—Wheredidyougettoknowher?

—Itwasonthefarm________weworked.A．thatB．thereC．whichD．where

解析：where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾thefarm，在從句中作地點狀語。答案：D5．Thebookwaswrittenin1946，________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges.A．whenB．duringwhichC．sincethenD．sincewhen

解析：1946是先行詞，when引導(dǎo)定語從句，由句意可知，關(guān)系詞前應(yīng)加since，譯為“自從那時……”。答案：D6．Byservingothers，apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself，________canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.A．whoB．whichC．whatD．that

解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語。答案：B7．Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking，thefirst_______Ireallyenjoyed.A．ofthatB．ofwhichC．thatD．which

解析：ofwhich指ofthethreebooksoncooking；of結(jié)構(gòu)提前，指物時關(guān)系代詞用which。答案：B8．TheBeatles，________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember，camefromLiverpool.A．whatB．thatC．howD．a(chǎn)s

解析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。答案：D9．Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty，andoneofthemcameuptous，________wegavesomebellsandglasses.A．towhichB．towhomC．withwhomD．withwhich

解析：當(dāng)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)(to)提前，指人時，關(guān)系代詞用whom。答案：B10．Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas，shehadrunbackinthedirection_______shehadcome.A．ofwhichB．bywhichC．inwhichD．fromwhich

解析：“從哪個方向來”為comefromthedirection，變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時

from提前，用which引導(dǎo)定語從句。答案：D11．Itisfarbetterforonetodrinkmilk,_____onegetshealthfulnutrients，

thantodrinkcoffee,________containsnonutrientsatall.A．what；whatB．where；asC．fromwhich；whichD．inwhich；what

解析：根據(jù)句意“人們從牛奶中得到有益健康的營養(yǎng)成分”可知，第一個空應(yīng)填fromwhich；兩個從句都是非限制性定語從句，指物時，關(guān)系代詞用which，故選C項。答案：C12．LastOctoberChinalauncheditssecondmannedspaceshipShenzhouⅥ,________twoChineseastronautstraveledinspaceforfivedays.A．inwhichB．a(chǎn)twhichC．bywhichD．fromwhich

解析：先行詞為ShenzhouⅥ，定語從句表示“兩名宇航員來此飛船……”，故用inwhich。答案：A13．—Theauthorsofcomputervirusesaregeniuses.

—Iagree.Theycanapplytheirwisdomtoothernettechnology________humanbeingscanbenefit.A．inwhichB．throughwhichC．onwhichD．fromwhich

解析：benefitfrom，從……中獲益，獲得好處；from提前且定語從句先行詞為物時，用which。答案：D14．Today’sSichuanhasbecomearepresentativeofthewestdevelopment，aplace________hopesandopportunitieshavereplacedpovertyandbackwardness.A．whichB．thatC．whereD．there

解析：where引導(dǎo)定語從句，且在句中作地點狀語。答案：C15．Theirgoodsareexchangedforsuchmachineryandequipment