考點(diǎn)01-冠詞與語法填空（原卷版）

考點(diǎn)01冠詞（原卷版）【命題解讀】 冠詞是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)，對于冠詞的考查主要集中在冠詞的基本用法和習(xí)慣用法，高考中常見的考點(diǎn)如下：①冠詞的泛指、特指②在形容詞和副詞比較等級前的用法③固定搭配④a和an的區(qū)別（2017新增）【命題預(yù)測】預(yù)計2020年的高考仍然會以考查冠詞在具體語境中的正確使用為主，以語篇型語法填空和短文改錯的形式出現(xiàn)，它可能把冠詞的各種用法結(jié)合名詞一起進(jìn)行考查。【名師指導(dǎo)】復(fù)習(xí)冠詞須把握好以下三個原則：①單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞用不定冠詞a/an表示泛指；②復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，其前不加冠詞；③無論可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指時，其前都要加定冠詞the。不定冠詞【典例】【2022全國甲卷】___________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.【不定冠詞提分秘籍】不定冠詞有兩個，a和an。a用在輔音開頭（不是輔音字母，是音標(biāo)）的單詞前面；an用于以元音開頭（不是元音字母，是音標(biāo)）的單詞前。如：abook,anapple；auniversity，anhour.1.用于泛指某一類人或物中的任何一個。ThevillagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintoatown.2.用于第一次提到或出現(xiàn)的名詞前，表泛指，不特別指明具體情況。Thereisacuponthedesk,butthecupisn’tmine.3.用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。Ihavethreebooks,andIwanttobuyafourthone.4.用于形容詞的比較級前，表示“一個更……的”。Ifwesitnearthefrontofthebus,we’llhaveabetterview.5.用于姓名、星期名稱前，表示“某個名叫……的人，一個跟某人相仿的人，某人的作品、發(fā)明”或“某個星期幾”。ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.專家們認(rèn)為這幅新發(fā)現(xiàn)的油畫或許是畢加索的畫作。6.用于表示價格、速度、比率等的名詞前表示“每一”。Heworkseighthoursaday.7.用于物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞具體化時。這類名詞僅表示概念時，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面要加不定冠詞。具有此用法的名詞有：success,failure,surprise,pleasure,beauty,pity,danger,fort,honour等。surprise驚奇→asurprise一件意想不到/令人驚奇的事failure失敗→afailure一個失敗的人；一件失敗的事success成功→asuccess一個成功的人；一件成功的事rain雨→aheavyrain一場大雨注意：?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有：baggage,luggage,furniture,health,weather,fun,space(太空),advice,word(消息),progress,information,news,equipment,wealth等。這些不可數(shù)名詞一般不與不定冠詞連用。8．用于短語搭配中(1)“have/take＋a(n)＋與動詞同形的名詞”，表示動作的一次。have/takearest休息一會兒；have/takealook看一下；have/takeabath洗個澡。(2)“gooutfora(n)＋名詞”，表示從事某項活動。gooutforanouting去郊游；gooutforapicnic去野餐。(3)習(xí)慣搭配中。etoanend結(jié)束；dropsb.aline給某人寫信；atadisadvantage處于不利地位；inaway從一方面說；inaword總之；inasense就某種意義來說；onadiet吃特定食物；withaviewto為了，鑒于。定冠詞【典例】【2022新高考I卷】Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes__________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.【定冠詞提分秘籍】1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，這是定冠詞的基本用法①Thebooksonthedeskwerepublishedlastmonth.桌子上的那些書是上個月出版的。②ThefactoryImentionedhasinstalledanewassemblyline.我提到的那家工廠已經(jīng)安裝了一條新的裝配線。③Wewerealllostinthebeautyofnature.我們都被大自然的美所陶醉。2．再次提到前面已出現(xiàn)的人或事物，表示特指①Imetafriendinthestreet；hesaidhehadbeenseriouslyill.我在街上遇見了一位朋友，他說他生過一場大病。②Hetoldusastory，butIwasnotinterestedinthestory.他給我們講了一個故事，但我對這個故事不感興趣。3．指談話雙方彼此都知道的人或事物Wewenttothestationtoseethemanageroff.我們到車站為經(jīng)理送行。4．用在某些可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前，用來指事物的整體(總稱)與其他事物的區(qū)別①ThetelephonewasinventedbyBell.是貝爾發(fā)明的。②Theelephantismuchstrongerthanthehorse.象比馬強(qiáng)壯得多。5．用在表示某國人的名詞前theChinese中國人；theFrench法國人；theEnglish英國人；theSpanish西班牙人；theDutch荷蘭人；theIrish愛爾蘭人；theSwiss瑞士人；theJapanese日本人。6．某些形容詞或分詞前加定冠詞the表示一類人(表示復(fù)數(shù))thehomeless無家可歸的人；therich富人；thepoor窮人；theblind盲人；theold老年人；theyoung年輕人；thestrong強(qiáng)者；theweak弱者；thesick病人；thewounded傷者。7．在序數(shù)詞前要加定冠詞the(有時在序數(shù)詞前加不定冠詞，表示“再次”“又一”)Shelivesonthetwelfthfloor.她住在十二樓。8．在形容詞最高級及形容詞only(唯一的)，very(正是那個)，same(同樣的)等前加定冠詞the①ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的最有趣的電影。②Hemustbetheonlystudentwhohaseverbeentothecityinourclass.他一定是我們班唯一去過那座城市的同學(xué)。③That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的東西。9．在表示一些獨(dú)一無二的東西的名詞前要用定冠詞thetheearth地球；themoon月亮；thesun太陽；thesky天空；theuniverse宇宙；theworld世界；theair空中；theground地面。10．用于時間、重量等單位名詞之前，表示每一個單位①Theboatishiredbythehour.小船按小時出租。②Therearetwoorthreeapplestothepound.每磅有兩三個蘋果。11．在表示方位、方向的名詞前用定冠詞theintheeast/south/west/north在東/南/西/北方；ontheright/left在右/左邊。12．在表江河、海洋、山脈、群島、沙漠、海峽、海灣等專有名詞前，要用定冠詞thetheYellowRiver黃河；theRhine萊茵河；thePacific太平洋；theRedSea紅海；theHimalayas喜馬拉雅山脈；theBritishIsles不列顛群島；theTaiwanStrait臺灣海峽；theSaharaDesert撒哈拉沙漠。13．用在逢“十”的數(shù)詞前，指世紀(jì)的某個年代inthe1980s/1980’s在20世紀(jì)80年代。14．樂器名稱前用定冠詞theSheplaysthepianobestinherclass.她鋼琴在班上彈得最好。15．在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前加定冠詞the表示“……一家”theBrowns布朗一家；theLis姓李的一家。16．在“動詞＋sb.＋介詞＋the＋表身體部位的名詞”的固定結(jié)構(gòu)中hitsb.intheface打某人的臉；takesb.bythearm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手；patsb.ontheshoulder拍某人的肩；hitsb.onthehead打某人的頭。本結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用物主代詞替代定冠詞，常用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有pat，strike，beat，hit，catch，put，take等。17．在短語搭配中intheend最后；etothepoint談到正題；onthecontrary相反；inthemorning在早晨；inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處；inthewater在水中；onthesubjectof關(guān)于……的主題；ontheair在廣播。含有冠詞的詞組分析【典例】【2022浙江卷1月語法填空】Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhethershecoulddosoremotely,aboutthreequartersof

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time,theyagreed【冠詞詞組分析提分秘籍】英語中有不少詞組，從形式看好像只有冠詞之差，而實(shí)際上卻是意義完全不同的詞組。1.infrontof在……（外）的前面；inthefrontof在……（內(nèi)）的前面Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一個花園。（外）Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一塊黑板。（內(nèi)）2.inchargeof掌管、負(fù)責(zé)；inthechargeof在……負(fù)責(zé)之下Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.一位有經(jīng)驗的個人負(fù)責(zé)這個項目。Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.這個項目由一位經(jīng)驗豐富的工人負(fù)責(zé)。3.attable在進(jìn)餐、吃飯時；atthetable在桌旁Heseldomtalksattable.吃飯時他很少說話。Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.他們坐在桌旁，邊說邊笑。4.byday白天、日間；bytheday按日計Heworksinanofficebyday.他白天在辦公室工作。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.大城市的清潔女工按日獲得報酬。5.takeplace發(fā)生、舉行；taketheplace(of)代替、接替Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?這次談話什么時候進(jìn)行的？Electrictrainshavenowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinourcountry.在我們國家，電力火車已經(jīng)取代了蒸汽火車。6.inwords用語言；inaword總之Pleaseexpressyourthoughtsinwords.請用言語表達(dá)你的想法。Inaword,Idon’ttrustyou.總之，我不相信你。7.attimes有時、不時；atatime一次Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.有時我確實(shí)感到有些緊張。Passmethebrickstwoatatime.每次遞給我兩塊磚。8.little少、不多的；alittle一些、一點(diǎn)兒Hurryup,thereislittletimeleft.快點(diǎn)，時間不多了。Don’thurry,youstillhavealittletime.不用急，你還有時間。9.few很少、幾乎沒有的；afew有些、幾個Heisamanoffewwords.他是一個少言寡語的人。Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.只有幾個孩子會閱讀。10.amostinteresting非常有趣的；themostinteresting最有趣的（形容詞的最高級）Thisisamostinterestingstory.這是一個非常有趣的故事。Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.這是三個故事中最有趣的一個。11.adoctorandnurse一位醫(yī)生兼護(hù)士；adoctorandanurse一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.一位兼護(hù)士的醫(yī)生正站在那兒。adoctorandanursearestandingthere.一位醫(yī)生和一位護(hù)士正站在那兒。12.anumberof許多、好些；thenumberof……的數(shù)目（后面的謂語動詞用單數(shù)）Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.許多學(xué)生在教室里。Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.教室里有40個學(xué)生。零冠詞1.不含普通名詞的專有名詞或表示泛指的抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前通常不加冠詞。Rockclimbingisofgreatfun.Youwillgetclosetonatureandtakeadventuresatthesametime.2.表示季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、語言、球類、棋類以及三餐等的名詞前，常用零冠詞。Hehadnothingforbreakfastthismorning.Springesafterwinter.3.表示獨(dú)一無二的職位、職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞在句中作表語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語時，其前通常不加冠詞。Wemadehimmonitorofourclass.4.在“單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋as/though”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。Goodchoiceas/thoughitmaybe,hehasdecidedtogiveitup.5.turn意為“變?yōu)?，成為”時，后面作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。但是bee意為“變?yōu)?，成為”時，后面作表語的單數(shù)名詞前加不定冠詞。Hisdreamistoturnlawyerwhilehissister’sistobeeadancer.6.名詞前已有this,that,my,your,some,each,no,any等指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格時，其前不加冠詞。Iwantthatbookaboutcars.（2022新高考I卷）Coveringanareaaboutthreetimes__________sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.（2022全國甲卷）____________friendofhis,WuFan,volunteeredtobehispanionduringthetrip.（2022全國乙卷）Tocelebrate___________festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.（2021.6新高考二卷）Apany____44____(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover_____45_____plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.the（2021·全國甲卷·語法填空·T8）Ittookusabout3hourstogoall___8___wayaroundtheXi'anCityWall.Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,but…（2021·全國乙卷·語法填空·T5）Dueto___5___growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypesoftripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.（2021·新高考I卷·語法填空·T10）Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis____10____musttovisit!（2021·浙江卷·語法填空·T9）___9___Lincolnsenlargedthehousetoafulltwostoriesin1856tomeettheneedsoftheirgrowingfamily.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Of___69___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,sixare(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】Everybodywears___57___samestyleofclothes.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空】Unexpectedly,I'mface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat____62____topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.【2017·新課標(biāo)卷I·語法填空】As65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II·語法填空】Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover64top.（2022·新疆·布爾津縣高級一模）Handwritingis____5____importantskillthatgoesbeyondmunication.（2022·云南·一模）TheopeningoftheChina-LaosRailwaywillthushelpspeedthedevelopmentoftheChina-LaosEconomicCorridor,andwillfurtheradvancethebuildingofaChina-Laosmunitywith____20____sharedfuture.（2022·重慶·一模）Theyalsosetupthetrafficsignalsand___55___seriesoftrafficmonitoringequipment.（2022·河南·三模）TheseGamesarenot____39____endofthestory.Withtheirperformanceandtheirappearance,eachoftheseathletescanwinoverahugenewfanmunityforthetimeaftertheGames.（2022·重慶南開模擬預(yù)測）Andwithoutcourage,we’llneverstepinto____44____unknown.（2021·諸暨市5月模擬·語法填空·T2）Theseareallexamplesofsingle-useplasticproducts,whichis___2___hottopicbasedonbothenvironmentalandhealthconcerns.（2021·成都三診·語法填空·T3）___3___eventinmylifethreeorfouryearsagomademeexaminemyownattitudestowardsalternativemedicine.（2021·成都三診·短文改錯）ThenInoticedaguyatthedoor.Hewasnotallowedtogetintotheshowbecausesomeonehadsoldhimthefaketicket.（2021·臺州市4月調(diào)考·語法填空·T6）Youcouldbuysecondhandclothing,too,as____6_____usefulwaytoextendthelifespan(壽命)ofitemsalreadycreated.（2021?珠海市二模?語法填空?T10）Atthispoint,however,theuniqueculturethatproducedtheseman-madeobjectsremains____10_____mystery.（2021?肇慶市三模?語法填空?T4）Insomeregions,particularlyinthewesternUnitedStates,droughtis____4____seriousproblemfacingmunities.（2021?漳州新高考模擬?語法填空?T2）LouisCha(Chinese:ChaLeungYung;10March1924-30October2018),betterknownbyhispennameJinYong,wasaChinesewuxianovelistandessayist,whoco-foundedtheHongKongdailynewspaperMingBaoin1959andservedas___2___firsteditor-in-chief.（2021?永春縣第三次聯(lián)考?語法填空?T5）TusaidinBeijing.Theprizewinningis____5____honorforChina’ssciencecauseandtraditionalChinesemedicineintheircourseofreachingouttotheworld.【湖北省孝感高中2021屆高三模擬】Butthecountry'seconomicdevelopmentovertheyearshaspermittedthesporttospreadbeyond______wealthy.【湖北省孝感高級2021屆高三調(diào)研】Beinglikedbyalargegroupofpeoplecannottake______placeofbuildingdeep,supportivefriendships.【湖北省武漢外國語2021屆高三調(diào)研】Sothousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedwhentherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtosolve______problem.【河北省2021屆高三模擬】Justlookto______fifthplanetinour,solarsystem,Jupiter.【廣東省深圳外國語2021屆高三三調(diào)】Kiteswereusedformilitary(軍事的)purposesintheverybeginning,suchasmeasurementandsignaling.Laterkiteflyinggraduallybecame______outdooractivityforbothrecreationandart.【廣東省2021屆高三四校聯(lián)考】NobuOkada,CEOofAstroscale,______panyworkingonwaystocleanupspacejunk,says“evenasmallpaintfleckhasenoughpowertoblowupothersatellites.【福建省福州2021屆高三調(diào)研】______elephantmuseumisthereforthosewhowanttoknowmoreabouttheanimal..【遼寧省朝陽市建平縣2021屆高三9月聯(lián)考】Itwentontosaythatalmosthalfofallmuseumsreported______annualincreaseinvisitornumbers.【重慶市南開2021屆高三仿真】GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefor______award.【重慶市2021屆高三適應(yīng)性考試】So,everyonewasafraidofit.Zhongspentdaysandnightstofind______causeofthedisease.【遼寧省沈陽市2021屆高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測】Wheneverthereisasandstorm,itforms______upwardairflowbetweenthesurroundingsandmountains.【遼寧百校聯(lián)盟2021屆高三質(zhì)監(jiān)】WithXionganaimingtobeea"smart,greenandresidents-