中西文化鑒賞 通識課課件 3.1 建筑功能

中西文化鑒賞AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑藝術）課程信息章節(jié)教學目標中西文化鑒賞AppreciationofChineseandWesternCulturesUnit3TheArtofArchitecture（建筑藝術）文化拓展思政映射章節(jié)主題Focusofthisunit

TheArtofArchitecture（建筑藝術）Thetypes,featuresandaestheticsofChineseandwesternarchitecture中西建筑的分類、特征以及美學知識能力思政abilitygoals

ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoals

tolearnsystematicallyChineseculturalknowledge系統(tǒng)學習中國文化知識toimprovecross-culturalcommunicationskills提高跨文化交際能力tounderstandthespiritualcoreoftheChinesenationreflectedinculturalthemes領會文化主題反映出的中華民族精神內核knowledgegoals

KnowledgegoalstolearntheEnglishexpressionsandbasicfeaturesrelatedtoChineseandwesternarchitecture掌握中西建筑基本特點及相關術語的英語表達AbilitygoalstobeabletocommunicateaccuratelyonculturaltopicsinEnglish能夠使用英語就文化主題進行準確溝通和交流Ideologicalandpoliticaleducationgoalstounderstandthephilosophicalthoughtof"harmonybetweenmanandnature"containedinChinesearchitecture中國建筑“天人合一”的哲學思想tolearnthehistory,inheritanceanddevelopmentofChinesearchitectureandunderstandthetraditionalChineseaethetics通過學習中國建筑的歷史、傳承與發(fā)展，領會中華傳統(tǒng)美學toinheritcraftsmanspirit傳承“工匠精神”3.1TheDiversityofArchitecturalFunctions3.1TheDiversityofArchitecturalFunctionsLead-in（導入）：Brainstorming（頭腦風暴）:

Q1:CanyounamesomewellknownChineseandwesternbuildings?Q2:Whataretheirfunctions?Itissaidthatarchitectureisnotonlyafrozenartbutalsoasymboloflandmarkofhumancivilizationofanationoranethnicgroup.Inthisepisode,we’llexploreandappreciatethediversityofarchitecturalfunctions.3.1.1TheFunctionofTypicalFolkHouses

1)CavesManlivedincavesinordertoprotectthemselvesfromwind,rain,stormsandwildanimalsinprehistorictimes.Sincehumanbeingsenteredthecivilizedsociety,differenttypesandstylesofdwellingshavebeenconstructedandapplied.NowadayscavesarestillusedasdwellinginShaanxiProvince,GuansuProvince,HenanProvinceandShanxiProvinceinChina.Theykeeppeoplefromheatinsummerandcoldinwinter.ThereareothertypicaltraditionalfolkhousesinancienttownsinChina,suchasZhouzhang,Wuzhen,FenghuangandLijiang.

ZhouzhuangFenghuang2)FamousArchitecturialStylesinChinaGenerallyspeaking,thereareeightfamousarchitecturalstylesinChina.Amongthem,sevenarefolkhouses.TheyarecourtyardbuildingsinNorthofChina,Hui-stylearchitectureinAnhuiProvince,JiangnanFolkHousesinSouthofChina,Lingnanarchitecture,Shanghaiarchitecture,WesternSichuanFolkHousesandQiongLongarchitectureinSichuanProvince.FamousArchitecturialStylesinChina

CourtyardBuildingsinNorthofChina

Hui-styleArchitectureinAnhuiProvinceJiangnanFolkHousesinSouthofChinaLingnanArchitectureShanghaiArchitectureWesternSichuanFolkHousesQiongLongArchitectureinSichuanProvince3)TypicalFolkHousesinWesternCountriesTypicalFolkHousesinWesternCountriesincludetheMediterraneanarchitecture,Spanisharchitecture,GothicarchitectureandEnglisharchitectureandsoon.TheMediterraneanArchitecture

SpanishArchitecture

GothicArchitectureEnglishArchitecture4)ModernBuildingsWiththeincreaseofpopulationandthedevelopmentoftechnology,thestylesoffolkhouseshavechangeddramaticallyinthepastdecades.Numeroustallapartmentbuildingswithelevatorsareconstructedbecausetheycanaccommodatemoreresidentsinlargecities.

ModernFolkHouses3.1.2TheFunctionofReligiousWorshipTemplesandpagodasaresignificantarchitectureforworshipinChina.Comparativelycathedralsandchurchesareofgreatimportanceinwesterncountries.Forexample,therearetheConfuciusTempleinQufuShandongProvince,theShaolinTempleinZhengzhouHenanProvince,theWhiteHorseTempleinLuoyangHenanProvinceinChina.TherearetheTempleofZeusandtheParthenoninancientGreece,thePantheoninancientRome,theWestminsterAbbeyandStPaul’sCathedralinLondon,theGreatBritain.TheFunctionofReligiousWorship

TheConfuciusTempleinQufuShandongProvinceTheShaolinTempleinZhengzhouHenanProvinceTheWhiteHorseTempleinLuoyangHenanProvinceTheTempleofZeusinAncientGreeceTheParthenoninAncientGreeceThePantheoninancientRomeTheWestminsterAbbeyStPaul’sCathedral3.1.3TheFunctionofGovernmentBuildingsSomearchitecturesareservedasvenuesofgovernments,suchastheWhiteHouse,CapitolBuildingintheUnitedStates,theBuckinghamPalaceandtheParliamentbuildingintheGreatBritain.TheFunctionofGovernmentBuildings

TheWhiteHouseCapitolBuildingintheU.S.TheBuckinghamPalacetheParliamentBuildingintheU.K.3.1.4TheFunctionofPublicBuildingsThepublicbuildings,suchaslibraries,museums,artgalleries,concerthallsandstadiumsareofgreatsignificanceofacountry.Theyarebuiltorsponsoredbygovernmentorcompanies.Someofthemopentothepublicforfreeinsomecountries.Wearegoingtoappreciatesomeofthesearchitectures,suchasNationalMuseumofChina,ChinaGrandTheaterinBeijing,theBritishMuseumintheUK,theLouvreinFranceandtheMetropolitanMuseuminNewYork.TheFunctionofPublicBuildings

NationalMuseumofChinaChinaGrandTheaterinBeijing

TheBritishMuseuminUKTheLouvreinFranceTheMetropolitanMuseuminNewYork3.1.5TheFunctionofMonumentsSomebuildingsarebuilttocommemoratesomegreatleadersorheroesinthehistory,suchastheMonumenttothePeople’sHeroesinBeijing,WashingtonMonument,LincolnMemorialHallandJeffersonMemorialHallinWashingtonD.C.TheFunctionofMonuments

TheMonumenttothePeople’sHeroesinBeijingWashingtonMonumentLincolnMemorialHallJeffersonMemorialHall3.1.6TheFunctionofProjects&WorksSomeprojectsandworkswerebuiltfordifferentuses.TheGreatWallwasusedasadefenseworksinChinesehistory.RomanAqueductisaprojectforirrigationbuiltinancientRome.TheGreatPyramidwasbuiltasatombforPharaohinEgypt.TheFunctionofProjects&Works

TheGreatWallRomanAqueductTheGreatPyramid3.1.7TheFunctionofCommerceModernplazasandShoppingMallsarebothinChinaandinwesterncountries.TheWandaPlazascanbeseenalmostalloverChina.Skyscrapersofluxurioushotelsofficebuildingsandhospitalsareerectedinbigcitiesallovertheworld.TheFunctionofCommerce

WandaPlazasLuxuriousHotels

OfficeBuildings

Hospitals3.1.8TheFunctionofAcademyTherearefourfamousancientacademiesinChinesehistory.TheyareYingtianAcademyinHenanProvince,SongyangAcademyinHenanProvince,BailudongAcademyinJiangxiProvinceandYueluAcademyinHunanProvince.TheFunctionofAcademy

YingtianAcademyinHenanProvinceSongyangAcademyinHenanProvinceBailudongAcademyinJiangxiProvinceYueluAcademyinHunanProvince3.1.9TheFunctionofLandmarkSomearchitecturesareknownfortheirfunctionasasymboloralandmarkortimesofanationoranethnicgroup,forinstance,theOrientalPearlTowerinShanghaiinChina,BigBenandLondonBridgeintheUK,NotreDamedeParisinFrance,thePisaTowerandTheColosseuminItalyandSydneyOperaHouseinAustralia.TheFunctionofLandmark

TheTempleofHeavenTheForbiddenCityTheOrientalPearlTowerinShanghaiBigBenLondonBridgeNotreDamedeParisinFranceThePisaTowerTheColosseumSydneyOperaHouseSummaryTheFunctionofTypicalFolkHousesinChinaTheFunctionofReligiousWorshipTheFunctionofGovernmentBuildingsTheFunctionofPublicBuildingsTheFunctionofMonumentsTheFunctionofProjects&WorksTheFunctionofCommerceTheFunctionofAcademyTheFunctionofLandmark【KnowledgeDevelopment】（知識拓展）

世界建筑界與中國建筑界主要獎項普利茲克建筑獎（PritzkerArchitecturePrize）是建筑界著名獎項。1979年由杰伊·普利茲克和他的妻子辛蒂發(fā)起，被稱為建筑界的諾貝爾獎，除了為獲獎者頒發(fā)獲獎證書和銅質獎章外，還獎勵10萬美元獎金。普利茲克建筑獎每年在世界范圍內評選一位為建筑做出突出貢獻的、在世的建筑師，并由美國總統(tǒng)頒發(fā)并致頒獎詞。知名度比較高的美國華裔建筑師貝聿銘、中國建筑師王澍都曾獲得此獎。密斯·凡·德羅獎（EuropeanUnionPrize-MiesvanderRoheAward）是另外一項在當代建筑界聲譽極高的建筑獎。1986年設立，就已建成建筑評獎，每兩年評選一次，參評作品通常是在歐洲建成的建筑作品。美國建筑師協(xié)會金獎(AIA)，1907年設立，由美國建筑師協(xié)會每年進行頒發(fā)，是當代美國建筑界的最高獎項，通常是為了表彰那些“對建筑的理論和實踐有持久影響的建筑師”。英國皇家建筑協(xié)會獎RIBA獎（TheRoyalInstituteofBritishArchitects，簡稱RIBA）1834年設立，是另外一項重量級建筑獎。國內著名的建筑獎有梁思成建筑獎，2000年由中華人民共和國建設部和中國建筑學會創(chuàng)立，每兩年評選一次，以中國近代著名的建筑家與教育家梁思成先生命名。梁思成先生參與設計的有作品有中華人民共和國國徽、人民英雄紀念碑和揚州鑒真紀念堂等等。他也是清華大學等國內知名大學的建筑系的創(chuàng)辦者。此外他出版了很多建筑學類理論著作。他的妻子林徽因也參與人民英雄紀念碑的設計。梁思成建筑獎的設立意在鼓勵中國建筑師在建筑設計方面不斷創(chuàng)新，為提高中國建筑設計整體水平做出貢獻。首屆梁思成建筑獎的獲得者即為中國工程院院士何鏡堂，其設計作品的有深圳科學館、上海世博會中國國家館、侵華日軍南京大屠殺遇難同胞紀念館等等。

此外，還有中國建設工程魯班獎（國家優(yōu)質工程）（ChinaConstructionEngineeringLubanPrize（NationalPrime-qualityProject）），簡稱魯班獎，是中國建筑行業(yè)工程質量的最高榮譽獎。1987年設立，每兩年評選一次。

Usefulexpressionsarchitecture建筑cave窯洞courtyardbuildings

四合院Hui-stylearchitecture

徽派建筑JiangnanFolkHouses

江南民居Lingnanarchitecture

嶺南建筑Shanghaiarchitecture

海派建筑WesternSichuanFolkHouses

川西民居QiongLongarchitecture

川西邛籠建筑TheConfuciusTemple

孔廟TheShaolinTemple

少林寺TheWhiteHorseTemple

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