高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)寫作指導(dǎo)如何寫說(shuō)明文講義

2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)寫作指導(dǎo)·如何寫說(shuō)明文【文體特點(diǎn)】進(jìn)行闡釋，使人們對(duì)事物的形態(tài)、構(gòu)造、性質(zhì)、種類、成因、功能、關(guān)系或?qū)κ吕淼母拍?、特點(diǎn)、來(lái)源、演變、異同等有科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí)?！緦懽髦笇?dǎo)】★事物說(shuō)明文序進(jìn)行說(shuō)明?！锸吕碚f(shuō)明文這類說(shuō)明文應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.說(shuō)明順序要合理。事理說(shuō)明文是闡述事理的，而使用邏輯順序便于使文章清楚明白，到部分、從概括到具體、從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)、從具體到一般等。2.悉的方法來(lái)說(shuō)明。常用的說(shuō)明方法包括下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、引用、比較、分類等。3.物的科學(xué)性來(lái)揭示其本質(zhì)?！菊Z(yǔ)言積累】★事物說(shuō)明文一、介紹物品1.詞塊：looklike...、beusedas/for...、befrom/of...、standforfriendship,andgoodluck、oureasierandconvenient、popularity、offertheconvenienceofmunication、playanimportantrolemodernlife、thebesttoolsfor...、oneofthegreatestinventionshumanhistory...2.句式：●Youcanfind...everywhereyourlife.●...widelyusedourlife.●It...meters/long,...ontop.●Itasbig/as...●pared...,...have...newfunctions.●canhardlyimaginewhatmodernwouldbelikewithout...二、介紹地方1.詞塊：anationaltreasure、anewlybuiltmodernarchitecture、berichnaturalresources、ahistoryof...yearsahistoricalandculturalcitythefinestrepresentativesoftheworld’slivablecity...2.句式：●Itlocated/situated...●Oppositethe...stands...●Alongtheroadarelinesoftrees,fromwhich...canfindshadefromthehotsun.●Builtthe...century,...haswitnessedtoomuchingandgoinghistory.●...,amustseefortourists,attractingmoreandmoretouristsfromallovertheworld.●...hasmanytouristattractions,suchas...●...wonaworldwidereputationfor...★事理說(shuō)明文過(guò)渡詞：firstatfirstfirstlythefirstplacefirstofallbeginwithallthennext、besides、addition、apartfromthatwhat’smorefurthermore、finally、lastbutnotleast...【真題】學(xué)校正在組織科技創(chuàng)新大賽，你想為日常生活中某件物品（如鋼筆、書包、鞋子……）Magic__________”內(nèi)容：1.說(shuō)明設(shè)計(jì)理由；2.介紹新功能。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于120個(gè)；2.不能使用真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、審題定調(diào)1.文體：說(shuō)明文；2.時(shí)態(tài)：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。二、謀篇布局第一段：簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明你所設(shè)計(jì)的物品及設(shè)計(jì)理由；第二段：詳細(xì)介紹該物品的功能；第三段：概括總結(jié)。三、范文展示MagicSchoolbagnotunusualthatmiddleschoolstudentstodayschoolheavyschoolbags,whichareareallyheavyburdentheirschooleasier,Ihavedesignedanewofschoolbag.schoolbaghasfourwheels,makingpossiblemovearoundfreely.importantly,equippedadvancedtechnology,myschoolbagcanfollowownerautomatically.Furthermore,thesensorsandartificialintelligencesystemmyschoolbagcanwarnownerofthepotentialdangerssuchasapproachingvehiclesandfallingobjects.obviousthatmyschoolbagcannotonlylightentheburdenonstudentsbutalsotheirschoolsafer.Iamconfidentthatbepopularstudents.四、范文點(diǎn)評(píng)較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和句式（如非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)從句等）及高級(jí)詞匯（如automaticallypotentialdangers、approachingvehicles等），這些因素均提高了其得分檔次。【真題】“做客禮儀”1.到達(dá)時(shí)間；2.合適的禮物；3.餐桌禮儀。注意：1.100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、審題定調(diào)1.文體：說(shuō)明文；2.時(shí)態(tài)：以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。二、謀篇布局第一段：點(diǎn)明主題；第二段：從三個(gè)方面介紹做客禮儀；第三段：概括總結(jié)。三、范文展示areinvitedafriend’shome,therearerulesthatshouldfollow.beginwith,aresupposedarriveafewminutesearlier,sothatcanhelpthefamilypreparethedinner,whichnotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.Rememberthatshouldn’tbelaterthantheappointedtime.Besides,you’dbetterbringgifts,suchasfruitsoraspecialfood.Finally,whenareenjoyingthemeal,you’dbetternotnoiseswhilechewingfood.I’msure