高考英語(yǔ)名詞性從句講解(最全版)

英語(yǔ)名詞性從句NounClause2021/5/91Review:英語(yǔ)句子的種類有兩種，按句子的用途可分為陳述、疑問、祈使和感嘆句四種。

而按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：

簡(jiǎn)單句并列句3)復(fù)合句主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間賓+直賓主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句2021/5/921.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.2.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.3.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstudystepbystep.4.BothTomandMikeareAmericanboys.5.Hesaidthathehasknownallbefore.請(qǐng)判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句2021/5/93復(fù)合句定語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句狀語(yǔ)從句復(fù)合句：主句+引導(dǎo)詞+從句2021/5/94起名詞性作用的從句，叫名詞性從句。換言之，在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，本來該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)部分，換由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，這樣的句子就是名詞性從句。請(qǐng)思考定語(yǔ)從句的定義：起定語(yǔ)作用，用來修飾名詞或代詞的從句。名詞性從句定義2021/5/95RelatedConception(相關(guān)概念)1.名詞:表示人或事物的名稱的詞叫名詞。2.名詞在句子作什么成分?名詞在句中主要作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。TheboyisLiMing.主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)Miss.Liang,a24-year-oldgirl,teachesusEnglish.主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)

賓語(yǔ)2021/5/96

1.TheboyisLiMing.2.Whathesaidiscorrect.

.(名詞作主語(yǔ))（從句作主語(yǔ)）1.在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句叫做主語(yǔ)從句。2021/5/97用it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句如果主語(yǔ)從句太長(zhǎng)，為了避免句子結(jié)構(gòu)頭重腳輕，可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把主語(yǔ)從句放在主句謂語(yǔ)部分之后。Itisapitythatyoudidn'tgotoseethefilmyesterday.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madesatelliteintoorbit.Itdose'tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.2021/5/98

3.Welovepeace.4.Hesaidthathehasknownallbefore.

(名詞作賓語(yǔ))(從句作賓語(yǔ))2.在句中充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞或介詞或be+adj.后賓語(yǔ)的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。2021/5/99Wealwaysmeanwhatwesay.我們向來說話算數(shù)。Hegoestothelibraryeverydayexceptwhenitisraining.Heisconfidentthathewillwin.作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)作介詞的賓語(yǔ)作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)某些表示心理狀態(tài)的形容詞在句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面可跟賓語(yǔ)從句。2021/5/910It作形式賓語(yǔ)it不僅可以作形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的that從句放在句尾，特別是用在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。Ithinkitquiteclearthathepreferredcoffeetotea.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldseekforasolutiontotheproblem.在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that?？墒÷?。但形式賓語(yǔ)it后面的that不能省略。2021/5/911

5.Youareastudent.6.Thefactisthatsheneverknewthesecret.(名詞作表語(yǔ))(從句作表語(yǔ))3.在句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的從句(即放在be動(dòng)詞后面)叫做表語(yǔ)從句。2021/5/912注意：Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasillinhospital.其他從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句because,as,asif,asthough等也可用來引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。Thingsarenotastheyseemtobe.事情并不是像它們表面上看起來那樣。Ithinkitisbecauseyouaretooserious.Hefeltasthoughhehadgonebackto20yearsago.2021/5/913

7.Miss.Liang,a24-year-oldgirl,teachesusEnglish.8.Thenewsthatourteamhadwonmadeushappy.(名詞作同位語(yǔ))(從句作同位語(yǔ))

4.

在句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句.其用途是對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋，說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容?？梢愿徽Z(yǔ)從句的名詞通常是news,idea,fact,word,hope,advice等。2021/5/914在英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)闹髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)，由一個(gè)句子來充當(dāng)，那么這個(gè)句子就叫__________。主語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句名詞性從句名詞性從句2021/5/915請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句：WhatIwanttodoistogoshopping.2.Thenewsthattheywonthegamespreadthewholeschool.3.Idon’tthinkthatheisanhonestboy.4.Thefactisthathestolethecar.判斷從句的方法：一找引導(dǎo)詞劃從句二找謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞三看從句在主句的位置________________________________________________________(主語(yǔ)從句)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(賓語(yǔ)從句)(表語(yǔ)從句)2021/5/9165.Theproblemiswhatweshoulddonext.6.Thenewsthathecouldn’tcomemakesusupset.7.Ourpurposeisthathecanrealizehisfaults.8.Doyouknowthefactthathestolethecar?請(qǐng)判斷出下列的句子屬于哪種從句(表語(yǔ)從句)(同位語(yǔ)從句)(表語(yǔ)從句)(同位語(yǔ)從句)2021/5/917試區(qū)分以下句子Doyouknow

thefact

thathestolethecar?Doyouknow

thefact

that

theyweretalkingabout?注意：1.定語(yǔ)從句，從句是不完整的，關(guān)系詞充當(dāng)成分；而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that只起連接作用。

2.定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)先行詞起修飾作用，而同位語(yǔ)從句則解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。(同從)(定從)2021/5/918一、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的相似之處1.都跟在名詞后；2.都可以翻譯成“…的”

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.

我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreally

encouraging.你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。（同位語(yǔ)從句）（定語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/919二、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的不同之處1、含義不同：同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)前面名詞的解釋說明，知道具體內(nèi)容，指同一件事（可以劃等號(hào)）；定語(yǔ)從句用來修飾、限定前面的名詞，不知道具體內(nèi)容。e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.

（從句說明“消息”的內(nèi)容：我們隊(duì)取得了決賽勝利。）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.（從句對(duì)“消息”加以限定：是你告訴我們的，而非來自其他渠道。但消息是何內(nèi)容卻不得而知。）2021/5/920二、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的不同之處2、引導(dǎo)詞區(qū)別：同位語(yǔ)從句中，that：無成分，用于肯定句；定語(yǔ)從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，既指代先行詞又須在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.

2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.

（that指代promise，又在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。）（that不充當(dāng)任何成分）2021/5/921I.Tellthefunctionoftheclausesinthefollowingsentences說出下列從句的功能：A:Appositive（同位語(yǔ)）;B:Attributive（定語(yǔ)）Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownon

theway.BBB2021/5/922連接副詞（4個(gè)）：when、why、where、how引導(dǎo)詞從屬連詞（3個(gè)）：that、if、whether連接代詞（9個(gè)）：who、whom、what、which、whose、whoeverwhomever、whatever、whichever、2021/5/923名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（1）：從句中的每一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞都有3個(gè)功能，分別如下:從屬連詞“that”---無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用“if”---“是否”、不作成份、起連接作用“whether”---“是否”、不作成份、起連接作用2021/5/9241、Thatwewillrealizeourdreamsinthefutureiscertain.2、ThefactisthatBeijingwillhold29thOlympicGamesthisyear.3、Iknowthatwellbegunishalfdone.4、HeheardthenewsthatLiuxiangsetanewworldrecord.“that”---無詞義、不作成份、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）（同位語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9251、Whethershewillcomebackontimedependsonweather.2、Theproblemiswhetheryoucouldgiveussomevaluableadvice.3、Iaskedhimwhetherhecoulddomeafavor.4、CouldyoutellmethequestionwhetherEnglishisusefulforusnow.“whether”---“是否”、不作成份、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）（同位語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/926If只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語(yǔ)從句、不放于句首的主語(yǔ)從句。Whether四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。If與whether的區(qū)別：1、Whethershewillcomebackontimedependsonweather.2、Iaskedhimwhetherhecoulddomeafavor.請(qǐng)思考：1、Itdependsonweather

ifshewillcomebackontime.2、Iaskedhimifhecoulddomeafavor.2021/5/9271、If只能引導(dǎo)兩種名詞性從句：賓語(yǔ)從句、不放于句首的主語(yǔ)從句。Whether四種從句均可以引導(dǎo)。2、whether可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，不用if。3、whetherornot連在一起可以，但if不可以。而“whether-----ornot=if-----ornot”If與whether的區(qū)別：2021/5/9281、Iaskedher__________

shehadabike.2.______

wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.6.Thequestionis_________heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion______

theoldmanwillrecoversoon.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether請(qǐng)用if/whether填空：whether2021/5/929連接代詞名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（2）：“who”---“誰(shuí)”、作主語(yǔ)、起連接作用“whom”---“誰(shuí)”、作賓語(yǔ)、起連接作用“what”---“事情”、作主表賓、起連接作用“whose”---“誰(shuí)的”、作定語(yǔ)、起連接作用“which”---“哪----”、作定語(yǔ)、起連接作用2021/5/930“who”---“誰(shuí)”、作主語(yǔ)、起連接作用1、Whowillgotothecollegeisstilluncertain.2、Thetroubleiswhocouldlendmesomemoney.3、Hewanttoknowwhopickeduphismobilephone.（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9311、Whomyouwilllearnfromisworththinkingover.2、ThethingIamanxiousaboutiswhomhewillturntoforhelp.3、Hismotheraskedhimwhomhecouldbelievein.“whom”---“誰(shuí)”、作賓語(yǔ)、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9321、WhatIdesiretogetisagoodreputation.2、WhathewilltellmeiswhatIhavebeenexpectingtoknow.3、TheyagreewithwhatIsaidjustnow.“what”---“事情”、作主表賓語(yǔ)、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9331、Whichclassissuitableforusisn’tmostimportant.2、Whathewantstoaskyounowiswhichteamwonthegame.3、Couldyoutellmewhichoneisright.“which”---“哪---”、作定語(yǔ)、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9341、Whosebagwasthemostbeautifulisstillunknownnow.2、Thequestioniswhosefriendscouldlendmeahand.3、Iwanttoknowwhosesuggestionismorepractical.“whose”---“誰(shuí)的”、作定語(yǔ)、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/935名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（3）：連接代詞“whomever”--“-----的任何人”、作賓語(yǔ)、“whoever”--“-----的任何人”、作主語(yǔ)、“whatever”--“----的任何東西”、作主表賓語(yǔ)、“whichever”---“無論哪個(gè)或哪些---”、作定語(yǔ)、2021/5/936“whoever”--“---的任何人”、作主語(yǔ)、起連接作用1、Whoevercouldsolvetheproblemwillberewarded.2、ThepersonIwillpraiseiswhoevercouldworkoutthequestion.3、Youshouldappreciatewhoeverhelpedyouinthepast.（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/937“whomever”---“---的任何人”、作賓語(yǔ)、起連接作用1、Whomeveryouwillmeetinthemeetingisexcellent.2、ThepersonIcoulddependoniswhomeveryoubelievein.3、YoushouldlearnfromwhomeverIpraisedyesterday.

（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9381、Whateveryoudidinthepastwasverymeaningful.

2、Whatweshoulddoiswhateverisworthdoing.3、Weshoulddowhateverisworthdoing.

“whatever”--“--的任何東西”、作主表賓語(yǔ)、（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/939“whichever”--“--的哪些或哪個(gè)”、作定語(yǔ)1、Whicheverteamwinthegameispossible.2、ThefactiswhicheverteachercouldhelpyoulearnEnglishwell.3、Youcouldchoosewhicheverbookyouwant.（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/940名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法（4）：連接副詞“why”----“為什么”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用“how”-----“如何”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用“where”--“什么地方”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用“when”--“什么時(shí)候”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用2021/5/941“when”--“什么時(shí)候”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用1、Whenthemeetingwillbeginisn’tdecidednow.

2、Thetroubleiswhenhecouldrecoverfromthedisease.3、Heaskeduswhenwewouldgraduatefromtheschool.（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/942“where”--“什么地方”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用1、WhereIcouldbuythebookisuncertainnow.2、Hisquestionwaswherewewouldholdtheopeningceremony.3、Icouldn’ttellyouwheretheyhavebeenliving.（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9431、Whyhekilledhimselfisstillasecretnow.2、Whatsurprisedmewaswhytheyfailedagain.

3、IjustwanttoaskyouwhyIwasfired.“why”--“為什么”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/9441、Howthethiefstolethebikeisstillamystery.2、Whattheprofessoraskeduswashowwecouldmakeourparentshappy.3、IwillgotoaskmyteacherhowIcouldworkouttheproblem.“how”----“如何”、作狀語(yǔ)、起連接作用（主語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）（賓語(yǔ)從句）2021/5/945用that/what填空：1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacheris

saying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat2021/5/946___hemadeanimportantspeechatthemeetingwastrue.

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