Capgemini-保護(hù)生命結(jié)構(gòu)：為什么生物多樣性的喪失與氣候變化一樣緊迫（英）-2023

Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangePRE

SERV

INGTHE

FABR

IC

OF

L

IFEWhy

biodiversity

loss

isasurgent

asclimate

change#GetTheFutureYouWant2Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeBiodiversity

provides

stability

and

resilience

in

the

face

ofenvironmental

change.

Loss

of

biodiversity

(ordamage

to

thebiosphere)

threatens

our

very

existence

because

it

meanswe

lose

the

protection

a

healthy

ecosystem

provides

againstclimate

change,

disease

outbreaks,

and

the

ability

to

feedourselves.

With

biodiversity

loss,

the

services

we

take

forgranted

from

the

ecosystem

(e.g.,the

provision

of

food,

cleanwater,air

puri?cation,

and

pollination

of

crops)

fail.

Wealsolose

natural

components

with

potential

as

new

medicines

andbiotechnologies.

Biodiversity

loss

is

happening

now.begun

to

assess

the

impact

of

their

operations

and

supplychains

on

biodiversity.

Only

16%

of

organizations

havecompleted

an

assessment

of

the

impact

of

their

supplychain

on

biodiversity

and

only

20%

of

organizations

havedone

the

same

for

their

operations.

Most

organizations

putmore

emphasis

on

tackling

climate

change

and

considerbiodiversity

loss

a

medium-

or

long-term

risk.

Our

research?nds

that

corporate

investment

is

lacking,

with

currentglobal

corporate

investment

for

biodiversity

preservation/restoration

estimated

to

represent

less

than

5%of

what

isneeded

annually

to

reverse

the

decline.Over

half

of

global

GDP

is

potentially

threatened

bybiodiversity

loss

as

a

result

of

the

dependence

of

businessTechnology,

especially

arti?cial

intelligence

(AI),

can

play

acritical

role

in

tackling

biodiversity

challenges

quickly.

It

alsoprovides

opportunities

to

innovate

towards

more

sustainableproducts,

services,

and

business

models.

Other

technologiesincluding

robotics,

synthetic

biology,

environmentalDNA

analysis,

3D

printing,

and

the

Internet

of

Things

aresupporting

organizations

in

addressing

biodiversity

threats.Generative

AI

looks

particularly

promising

in

this

regard.Researchers

in

Spain

and

the

UK

are

using

generative

AI

toanalyze

species

coexistence

patterns

and

thereby

improveon

nature

and

its

services.

Lack

of

strategic

action

on1biodiversity

loss

could

come

at

a

high

cost

for

the

corporatesector.

At

the

same

time,

rapidly

evolving

regulations

andstandards

designed

to

protect

biodiversity

are

placingincreasing

pressure

on

the

corporate

sector.Many

executives

feel

they

have

a

strong

understandingof

biodiversity

and

its

impact,

yet

it

remains

low

on

thecorporate

agenda.

Only

24%

of

those

surveyed

say

theircompany

has

a

biodiversity

strategy.

Many

have

barelyCapgemini

Research

Institute20233Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeour

understanding

of

diverse

ecological

habitats.

Of2executives

surveyed

in

our

research,

73%agree

that

digitaltechnologies

will

be

keyto

their

organization’s

biodiversitye?orts.

For

example,

?rsted,

the

Danish

multinational

energycompany,

and

its

NGO

partner

the

World

Wide

Fund

forNature

Denmark

have

created

and

installed

12

3D-printedreefs.

The

reefs

are

sited

between

turbines

at

the

AnholtO?shore

Wind

Farmin

the

Kattegat,

a

sea

area

that

hassu?ered

from

low

cod

stocks.

They

aim

to

provide

increasedhabitat

for

cod

and

improve

biodiversity

of

the

surroundingarea.3Addressing

biodiversity

loss

is

critical

for

our

survival.

If

leftunaddressed,

the

result

will

be

catastrophic

for

the

planetand

all

human

life.

Organizations

must

address

biodiversityloss

with

the

same

urgency

as

climate

change

because

theyare

interlinked.

Organizations

must

also

foster

collaborationto

support

new

solutions

for

biodiversity

at

scale,

advocatefor

standard

biodiversity

measurements

and

disclosures,and

invest

in

technological

and

data

solutions

to

acceleratebiodiversity

preservation/restoration.Capgemini

Research

Institute20234Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeWHO

SHOULDREAD

THISREPORT

ANDWHY?beverage,

construction

and

real

estate,

lifesciences,

consumer

products

and

retail,

mining/extraction,

industrial

manufacturing,

among

otherorganizations

with

dependencies

on

nature

intheir

supply

chains

will

?nd

this

report

valuable.This

report

o?ers

actionable

recommendationsfor

executives

to

assist

them

in

acceleratingtheir

biodiversity

journeys.

It

provides

practicalsteps

that

senior

leaders

can

take

to

begindeveloping

a

biodiversity

strategy

and/or

toadvance

their

current

biodiversity

actions.

Thereport

primarily

caters

to

sustainability

leadersacross

environmental

management,

conservation,climate

change,

corporate

social

responsibility,among

other

sustainability

functions.

Given

theimportance

of

biodiversity

for

many

di?erentareas

of

business,

this

report

is

also

useful

tobusiness

leaders

from

general

management,strategy,

innovation

and

R&D,

product

design

anddevelopment,

sourcing

and

procurement,

supplychain,

manufacturing,

?nance,

operations,

IT,andsales

and

marketing.This

report

is

based

on

original

?ndings

from

acomprehensive

industry

survey

of

1,812

seniorexecutives

(director

level

and

above)

from

leadingorganizations

across

12

countries

with

annualrevenue

above

$1

billion.

Approximately

50%of

surveyed

executives

are

employed

withinsustainability

functions,

while

the

remaining

50%come

from

other

relevant

business

functions.See

the

research

methodology

at

the

end

of

thereport

for

more

details.This

report

o?ers

comprehensive

insights

onthe

importance

of

biodiversity,

how

its

loss

islinked

with

climate

change

and

the

urgency

oftackling

the

biodiversity

crisis

for

the

corporatesector.

Large

organizations

across

industriessuch

as

agriculture

and

forestry,

food

andCapgemini

Research

Institute20235Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeWHAT

ISBIODIVERSITY?Thisdiversity

orvarietybetweenlivingthingsoccursatdi?erent

levelsandeachlevel

interactswithotherlevels.A

speciesisa

groupoforganismsthatcanreproduce.Speciesdiversityisthemostobvioustypeofbiodiversity.SPECIESBiodiversity

(from

“biological

diversity”)

is

thevariety

of

life

including

animals,

plants,

fungi,

andmicroorganisms

like

bacteria

that

make

up

ournatural

world.

They

live

together

in

ecosystems

tomaintain

and

support

life

on

earth,

and

they

exist

indelicate

balance.

Biodiversity

encompassesthe

genetic

variety

within

each

species

and

theBiodiversityincludesgeneticdi?erenceswithineachspecies,forexample,betweenvarietiesofcropsandbreedsoflivestock.GENETICvariety

of

ecosystems

that

species

create.4Biodiversity

occurs

at

the

species,

genetic,

andecosystem

levels.Varietyofecosystems,suchasthosethatoccurindeserts,forests,wetlands,mountains,lakes,rivers,andagriculturallandscapes.ECOSYSTEMSource:

CapgeminiCapgemini

Research

Institute20236Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeWHAT

CAUSESBIODIVERSITYLOSS??

Climate

change:

Shifts

in

temperature,precipitation,

and

wind

?ows

caused

byincreased

levels

of

greenhouse

gases

inthe

atmosphere.?

Pollution:

Release

of

harmful

substances

(e.g.,microplastics,

heavy

metals,

fertilizing

nutrients,chemical

components

of

pharmaceuticals)into

the

environment

induced

by

transport,industrial,

and

human

activities.There

are

?ve

major

factors:?

Land-

and

sea-use

change:

Habitat

conversion(e.g.,deforestation)

and

habitat

fragmentationand

degradation

(e.g.,construction

of

dams,motorways,

mining)

through

over-intensive

useof

ecosystems.?

Invasive

species:

Plants,

animals,

or

othernon-native

organisms

entering

or

expandingtheir

presence

in

a

habitat.

Invasive

alien

speciestransform

the

structure

and

composition

ofecosystems

by

dominating

the

ecosystems

andrepressing/excluding

native

species.?

Over-exploitation:

Overharvesting

ofanimals,

plants,

and

ecosystems

in

general

(e.g.,poaching,

unsustainable

logging,

over?shing),which

depletes

the

stocks

of

some

species

whiledriving

others

to

extinction.Capgemini

Research

Institute20237Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeWHAT

LINKSBIODIVERSITYANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT?these

risks.

SDG

15

focuses

on

protecting,restoring,

and

promoting

sustainable

useof

earth’s

ecosystems

and

combatting

landdegradation

and

biodiversity

loss.

SDG

14

coversconserving

and

sustainably

using

our

oceans,seas,

and

marine

resources.

Biodiversity

hasan

impact

on

other

SDGs

too.

For

example,

athird

of

global

food

production

depends

on

adiversity

of

natural

pollinators,

which

links

to

SDG2,and

microorganisms

are

important

to

wastemanagement

(SDG

12).

There

are

also

numerousindirect

ways

in

which

protecting

biodiversity

andthe

UN

SDGs

overlap;

for

example,

by

supportingfood

production

and

discovery

of

raw

materials

fornew

medicines,

biodiversity

can

play

a

vital

role

inreducing

poverty

(SDG

1),

preventing

hunger

(SDGBiodiversity

loss

directly

impacts

human

healthand

a?ects

livelihoods,

income,

local

migration,and

political

con?icts.

The

United

Nations’Sustainable

Development

Goals

(SDGs)

re?ect2),and

improving

health

(SDG3).5Capgemini

Research

Institute20238Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeIn

2009,a

group

of

internationally

renowned

scientistsidenti?ed

nine

processes

that

regulate

the

stability

andresilience

of

the

Earth,

called

“planetary

boundaries.”

By2022,we

had

gone

beyond

the

boundary

of

safety

for

sixof

the

nine,

increasing

the

risk

of

abrupt

or

irreversibleenvironmental

changes.

The

processes

for

which

boundarieshave

been

crossed

are:These

nine

processes

are

interdependent,

but

our

focus

inthis

report

is

biosphere

integrity.

The

biosphere

is

closelyrelated

to

biodiversity,

which

is

generally

understood

as

thevariety

and

variation

of

life

on

Earth.The

biosphere

acts

as

a

core

boundary,

providing

capacityfor

the

planet

to

adjust

to

changes

in

other

boundaries,

suchas

elevated

levels

of

ocean

acidi?cation

and

pollution

withplastic

and

other

man-made

chemicals.

If

the

biosphereboundary

is

compromised

(i.e.,

if

biodiversity

decreasessigni?cantly),

performance

against

the

other

boundaries

gets?

climate

change?

biogeochemical

?ows

(e.g.,excessive

phosphorus

andnitrogen

pollution

from

fertilizer

use)worse

too,

and

vice

versa.

Protecting

biodiversity,

therefore,7?

biosphere

integrity

(e.g.,extinction

rate

and

loss

of

insectpollination)can

help

play

a

role

in

slowing

or

preventing

the

crossing

ofthe

other

boundaries

and

thus

help

us

protect

the

planet.?

land-system

change

(e.g.,deforestation)?

novel

entities

(e.g.,pollution

from

plastics,

heavy

metals,and

“forever

chemicals”)?

freshwater

use.6Capgemini

Research

Institute20239Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeThe

biodiversity

crisis

is

accelerating

as

mankind

increasesits

footprint

on

nature

at

an

unprecedented

rate.

As

humansplace

increasing

pressure

on

the

planet,

the

balance

of

theecosystems

is

being

damaged.

Human

activity

has

put

nearlyone

million

species

at

risk

of

extinction.

According

to

the8World

Wildlife

Fund’s

2022Living

Planet

report,

the

planethas

witnessed

a

69%decline

on

average

in

global

populationsof

mammals,

?sh,

birds,

reptiles,

and

amphibians

since

1970.9The

consequences

are

deadly

serious:

more

than

75%offood

crops

rely

on

animal

pollination,

but

over

40%

of

known69%decline

on

average

in

global

populationsof

mammals,

?sh,

birds,

reptiles,

andamphibians

since

1970.Capgemini

Research

Institute202310Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeinsect

species

have

declined

in

past

decades.10

COP

15

of

theUN

Convention

on

Biological

Diversity

in

2022establishedglobal

biodiversity

targets

for

2030,underlining

the

need

forurgent

action.Weconducted

a

global

survey

of

executives

covering

largeorganizations

across

12

countries:

Australia,

Canada,

France,Germany,

India,

Italy,

Japan,

the

Netherlands,

Spain,

Sweden,the

United

Kingdom,

and

the

United

States.

Organizationssurveyed

operate

across

keyindustries,

including

aerospaceand

defense,

agriculture

and

forestry,

automotive,

consumerproducts,

construction

and

real

estate,

energy,

?nancialservices,

food

and

beverage,

mining

and

extraction,

industrialmanufacturing,

life

sciences,

public

sector

and

government,retail,

telecom,

and

utilities.

Wealso

interviewedGiven

the

urgency

of

the

biodiversity

crisis

and

itsinterconnection

with

climate

change,

this

research

exploresthe

opportunities

that

large

organizations

have

to

combatbiodiversity

loss.

To

what

extent

are

organizations

includingbiodiversity

in

their

sustainability

priorities

and

strategies,and

assessing

the

impact

of

their

operations

and

supplychains

on

biodiversity?

What

actions

are

large

organizationstaking

and

what

technologies

are

they

investing

in

tounderstand,

monitor,

and

preserve

biodiversity?sustainability

and

biodiversity

executives.

For

more

details

onthe

survey

sample,

please

refer

to

the

research

methodology.Capgemini

Research

Institute202311Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeThis

report

comprises

?ve

sections:1

2

3

4

5Executives

recognize

theimportance

of

biodiversity,yet

few

organizations

havea

strategy.The

corporate

sectoris

underinvesting

inbiodiversity.Biodiversity

actions

arenascent

and

focusing

onland

preservation.AI

and

other

technologieswill

help

organizationstackle

biodiversity

lossmore

quickly.Recommendations:How

can

organizationsaccelerate

theirbiodiversity

journeys?Capgemini

Research

Institute202312Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechange01EXECUTIVES

RECOGNIZE

THEIMPORTANCE

OF

BIODIVERSIT

Y,YET

FEW

ORGANIZ

ATIONS

HAVE

ASTR

ATEGYCapgemini

Research

Institute202313Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeExecutives

viewbiodiversity

as

critical

tothe

health

of

the

planet,Wefound

that

awareness

of

biodiversity

and

how

the

termis

de?ned

(e.g.,“variety

of

all

living

organisms,

diversityof

species,

genetic

variation

within

a

species,

variety

ofecosystems

and

ecological

processes”)

is

high

(82%).However,executives

do

not

consider

biodiversity

to

be

asimportant

as

other

sustainability

and

climate

issues.

This“Biodiversity

is

onerelevantpart

of

our

broaderyet

it

remains

low

on

their

is

likely

because

it

is

rarely

seen

as

a

cause

of

operationalagendassustainability

strategy,

but

Ibelieve

in

the

next

two

yearsitwill

become

much

more

ofa

priority.”ine?ciencies

or

as

directly

impacting

pro?tability,

or

evenas

a

requirement

of

their

ESG

reporting.

Biodiversity

is

alsohard

to

evaluate

as

there

is

a

lack

of

data

and

standards.However,ecosystem

collapse

would

have

disastrous

impactson

pro?tability

across

all

industries.Over

half

of

global

GDP

is

potentially

threatened

bybiodiversity

loss

as

a

result

of

the

dependence

of

businesson

nature

and

its

services.11

Organizations

increasinglyrealize

that

loss

of

biodiversity

and

the

related

damageto

ecosystems

presents

systemic

risks

to

human

well-being,

sustainability

goals,

and

economic

growth

andstability.

However,biodiversity

is

often

seen

as

secondaryto

other

sustainability

goals

globally,

such

as

mitigatingclimate

change.63%ANGELFRAILESenior

Director

at

Endesa,

a

Spanishmultinational

electric

utilitycompanyof

surveyed

executives

saybiodiversity

is

important

to

theircompany.Capgemini

Research

Institute202314Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeOf

those

surveyed,

86%say

biodiversity

is

importantto

the

planet,

yet

only

63%say

it

is

important

to

theircompany.

Only

24%

of

organizations

have

a

biodiversitystrategy

(see

Figure

1).FIGURE.

1Onlyaquarterofexecutivessaytheirorganizationhasabiodiversitystrategy%

OF

EXECUTIVES

WHO

SAY

BIODIVERSITYISIMPORTANT

TO

THE

ENTITIES

BELOW%

OF

ORGANIZATIONS

WITHABIODVERSITY

STRATEGY86%74%63%24%The

planetMy

industryMy

companySource:

Capgemini

Research

Institute,

Biodiversity

executive

survey,

May–June

2023,N=1,812executives.Capgemini

Research

Institute202315Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeThis

“say–do”

gap

spans

industries

and

countries.

Withthe

exception

of

?nancial

services

(46%),more

than

halfof

executives

across

industries

believe

biodiversity

isimportant

to

their

company,

but

only

a

third

or

less

of

theirorganizations

have

a

biodiversity

strategy

(see

Figure

2).trillion

to

global

GDP.12

However,they

still

lag

in

de?ningbiodiversity

strategy.

For

example,

65%of

executives

fromconstruction

and

real

estate

say

biodiversity

is

important

totheir

company

but

only

23%of

their

organizations

have

abiodiversity

strategy.66%Many

industries

have

signi?cant

dependencies

on

naturein

their

supply

chains

and

may

be

more

at

risk

of

disruptionfrom

biodiversity

loss.

According

to

the

EuropeanCommission,

industries

such

as

agriculture

and

forestry,food

and

beverage,

and

construction

and

real

estate

arehighly

dependent

on

nature

and

contribute

more

than

€7With

the

exception

of

India

and

Italy,

more

than

half

ofexecutives

across

countries

believe

biodiversity

is

importantto

their

company,

but

signi?cantly

fewer

have

a

biodiversitystrategy.

France

leads

with

75%acknowledging

theimportance

of

biodiversity

and47%having

a

biodiversitystrategy

(see

Figure

2).of

organizations

run

ad-hocbiodiversity-related

initiatives

and/or

projects

as

part

of

a

broadersustainability

strategy.Capgemini

Research

Institute202316Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeFIGURE.

2Despitesayingbiodiversityisimportant,mostorganizationshavenobiodiversitystrategy%OFEXECUTIVESWHOAGREEWITHTHESTATEMENTS,

BY

INDUSTRY75%68%68%65%65%65%63%63%63%63%61%60%60%60%60%46%33%32%28%28%27%26%25%25%24%23%22%23%21%20%16%13%GlobalAerospaceanddefenseEnergyFoodandbeverageConstruction/real

estateUtilitiesConsumer

Automotive

Agricultureproducts

and

forestry

extractionMining/RetailLifesciencesPublic/governmentTelecomIndustrialmanufacturing

servicesFinancialBiodiversityisimportanttomy

companyWe

have

a

biodiversitystrategySource:

Capgemini

Research

Institute,

Biodiversity

executive

survey,

May–June

2023,N=1,812executives.Capgemini

Research

Institute202317Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeFIGURE.

2Despitesayingbiodiversityisimportant,mostorganizationshavenobiodiversitystrategy%

OFEXECUTIVESWHOAGREEWITHTHESTATEMENTS,

BY

COUNTRY75%72%71%69%67%67%63%47%33%62%61%59%59%49%39%29%25%24%23%23%22%21%17%18%16%15%GlobalFranceSwedenUnited

States

AustraliaNetherlandsUnitedKingdomCanadaSpainGermanyJapanIndiaItalyBiodiversityis

important

tomy

companyWe

have

a

biodiversity

strategySource:

Capgemini

Research

Institute,

Biodiversity

executive

survey,

May–June

2023,N=1,812executives.Capgemini

Research

Institute202318Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeWhile

fewer

than

a

third

of

organizations

globally

have

abiodiversity

strategy,

most

(66%)do

run

ad-hoc

biodiversity-related

initiatives

and/or

projects

as

part

of

a

broadersustainability

strategy.

Angel

Fraile,

Senior

Director

atEndesa,

a

Spanish

multinational

electric

utility

company,says:

“Biodiversity

is

one

relevant

part

of

our

broadersustainability

strategy,

but

I

believe

in

the

next

two

years

itwill

become

much

more

of

a

priority.”“Biodiversity

and

climate

changecan’t

be

looked

at

completelyseparately,

but

biodiversitymeasurement

and

assessmentremains

highly

complex.”Though

climate

changeand

biodiversity

loss

areinterlinked,

the

immediatefocus

is

on

climateClimate

change

and

biodiversity

loss

are

closelyinterconnected.

Biodiversity

is

strongly

linked

todecarbonization

goals,

as

tropical

deforestationalone

contributes

an

estimated

20%

of

annual

globalgreenhouse

gas

(GHG)

emissions.13

Continued

climatechange

is

having

adverse

and

often

irreversible

impacts

onecosystems,

with

signi?cant

negative

social,

cultural,

andeconomic

consequences.CLARA

KüPPERProject

Manager

SustainableSourcing

at

REWE

Group,

a

Germandiversi?ed

retail

and

tourismco-operative

groupCapgemini

Research

Institute202319Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybiodiversity

lossisasurgentasclimatechangeIncreased

GHG

emissions

lead

to

higher

temperatures,altered

rainfall

patterns,

more

frequent

extreme

weatherevents,

and

oxygen

depletion

and

acidi?cation

of

aquaticenvironments,

most

of

which

adversely

a?ect

biodiversity.FIGURE.

3OverhalfofexecutivesbelievethatcustomersandemployeescaremoreaboutclimatethanbiodiversityMost

executives

surveyed

(86%)say

they

understand

the

linkbetween

climate

change

and

biodiversity,

and

88%

believethat

preserving

biodiversity

helps

mitigate

climate

change.However,concern

about

climate

change

dominates.

Ofthose

surveyed,

57%believe

that

customers

and

56%thatemployees

care

more

about

climate

change

than

biodiversity.Of

the

executives

surveyed,

53%believe

biodiversity

is

alesser

priority

than

climate

change

(see

Figure

3).%

OF

EXECUTIVES

WHO

AGREE

WITH

THE

FOLLOWING

STATEMENTSOur

customers

care

more

about

climate

changethan

they

do

about

biodiversity57%56%Our

employees

care

more

about

climate

changethan

they

do

about

biodiversity86%I

believe

addressing

biodiversity

is

a

far

lower

prioritythan

addressing

climate

change53%of

executives

say

they

understandthe

link

between

climate

changeand

biodiversity.Source:

Capgemini

Research

Institute,

Biodiversity

executive

survey,

May–June

2023,N=1,643executives

whose

organizationshave

a

biodiversity

strategy

or

ad-hoc

biodiversity

initiatives.Capgemini

Research

Institute202320Preserving

the

fabric

oflife:Whybi