初中常用的前綴后綴

初中英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的前綴和后綴2021/5/91常見(jiàn)的否定前綴前綴意義例詞un-不，未(=not)unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,,相反動(dòng)作uncover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，無(wú)incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定表示相反dishonest,disappear,disagreedislike,disbelievemis-表示錯(cuò)、誤mistake,misfortune,不幸

misunderstanding誤解2021/5/92前綴意義例詞a-1.在…上/里2.去（to）asleep,along,aloud,alive,across,abroad在國(guó)外,aboard在船/火車/飛機(jī)上com-,con-,cor-,col-共同，和comment,collect,co-聯(lián)合、共同co-worker,coexistre-1.再一次，重新2.回，返renew,reborn,rebuild,reappear,returnfore-時(shí)間或位置的“在前面”(=before)foresee,foreleg,foretell預(yù)言,foreknow預(yù)卜pre-在前、事先、預(yù)先(before)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistory2021/5/93前綴意義例詞post-時(shí)間和順序的“在后邊”(=after)post-war,postgraduateinter-互相(=between,among)interactinternationalmulti-多，多種multinationalmulti-culturalmid-中間(=middle)midday,midnighttele-遠(yuǎn)television,telegramde-1.否定;2.下;3.強(qiáng)調(diào)defeat,decode,decreaseen-使enable,encouragesuper-超級(jí)、在之上superpower,superhero2021/5/94前綴意義例詞sub-下面的；次subway,subtitlesemi-半semi-final,semiconductor(半導(dǎo)體）vice-副vice-premier,vice-chairmanuni-單uniformbi-雙bicyclemulti-多multinationalauto-自動(dòng)，自主Automobile汽車,automation(自動(dòng)化）anti-反、防anti-tank,anti-socialex-前ex-president,ex-wifetrans-跨越;移transport,translate2021/5/95寫(xiě)出下面單詞的前綴important重要的→___important不重要的

appear出現(xiàn)→____appear消失

correct正確的→___correct不正確的

lead帶領(lǐng)→___lead領(lǐng)錯(cuò)__lone單獨(dú)的

___gas防毒氣的

___chart自動(dòng)圖表

___operate合作

__joy使高興

___net互聯(lián)網(wǎng)

___way地鐵

___phone電話

___use再用

2021/5/96找出課文中還有所學(xué)詞綴的單詞2021/5/97說(shuō)出下列前綴的意思sub-com-pre-mis-im-un-tele-re-en-uni-trans-a-dis-inter-multi-fore-post-2021/5/98后綴意義例詞

表示人

-er從事…職業(yè)的人teacher,worker,learner-or與-er同義visitor,educator,translator-eer從事于...的人engineer,volunteer,mountaineer-ess女...的actress,waitress,hostess-ian...(專)家/..工作者politician,musician-ist從事...職業(yè)/文藝/學(xué)術(shù)的人artist,socialist,physicist表示物-er從事某工作的物washer,cooker-or從事某工作的物conductor導(dǎo)體表示人和物的名詞后綴2021/5/99前綴意義例詞-ing狀態(tài)feeling，reading-ion/-tion/-sion動(dòng)作；過(guò)程action,decision,pollution,pronunciation-ment性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)development，government-ness性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)happiness，sadness，illness-ure狀態(tài)failure，pleasure-th性質(zhì),狀態(tài)growth,length,wealth,truth其他名詞后綴2021/5/910后綴意義例詞-(a)ble可/能…的valuable,horrible,-al有...性質(zhì)的natural,technical,actual-ic,-ical...性質(zhì)的，與...有關(guān)的musical,basic,scientific-ant,-ent...的important,pleasant,excellent-ish稍帶...的/...語(yǔ)的childish,

English,Spanish-ive有...傾向的/性質(zhì)的active,

expensive-ful充滿...的thankful,powerful,tearful-less表示否定homeless,harmless,wireless-ous充滿...的，有...特征dangerous,famous,nervous-y有/多...的，想...的cloudy,sunny,funny,sleepy-ed有...的，有...特征的tired,interested,learned博學(xué)

-en由...構(gòu)(制)成的wooden,woolen-ern...方向的eastern,western,southern-ly有...性質(zhì)的，...形狀的yearly,daily,orderly,lively形容詞后綴2021/5/911differ不同于→differ_____不同的write寫(xiě)→write___作家Japan日本→Japan_____日本人act表演→act____女演員mouth口→mouth____一口music音樂(lè)→music_____音樂(lè)家entreseressfulian2021/5/912nature自然→natur___自然的reason道理→reason____有道理的gold金子→gold___金的east東→east_____東方的child孩子→child_____孩子氣的snow雪→snow___雪的alableenernishy2021/5/913用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Marywasvery______atthenews,soshelooked______atherhusband,hereyesfullof________(sad).2.He________footballverywellandhewasoneofthebest______inyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3.Look!How________Kateislaughing!Sheseemstobethe______girlintheworld(happy).4.Edisonwasagreat________.Duringhislifehehadmany_________.(invent)5.Lucyalwayscaresaboutherpersonal__________.Shehas__________inover60movies.(appear)6.Youareso_______tohelpme.Thankyouforyour________.(kindly)sadsadlysadnessplayedplayershappilyhappiestinventorinventionsappearedappearancekindkindness2021/5/9142021/5/915說(shuō)出下列后綴的意思-eer-ian-ess-ist-ish-tion-ness-ure-less-ful-ern-ous-able-en-ical2021/5/916后綴用法及意義例詞-ly加在形容詞之后表示某種狀態(tài)cheerfully,simply,excitedly表示程度completely表示時(shí)間recently表示次序firstly,secondly-ward-wards加在名詞或副詞后，表示“向......地”forward,backward,upward,downward,towards,northward副詞后綴2021/5/917意義例詞-ate使成為，成為...educate,translate,calculate-en變?yōu)?，使有darken,weaken,deepen,sharpen,frighten-fy使成為，使...化beautify,satisfy-ize-ize變成，...化modernize,realize,動(dòng)詞后綴2021/5/918意義例詞-teen十幾thirteen-ty幾十twenty-th構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞fifth數(shù)詞后綴2021/5/919wide寬的→wide___加寬

beauty美→beaut_____美化

real現(xiàn)實(shí)的→real____意識(shí)到

organ機(jī)關(guān),器官→organ_____組織angry生氣的→angr_____生氣地

to到→to______朝……，向……six→six______十六

→six_______第十六

four→f_____四十

→f______第四十nifyizeizeilywardsteenteenthortyortieth2021/5/9202021/5/921分類構(gòu)成例詞形容詞后綴-able有某種能力的comfortable，unforgettable-al有某種特征的natural，traditional-an某國(guó)或洲人的American，African-ed有能力的talented，balanced-en某種材料的golden，wooden-ese某國(guó)人的Chinese，Japanese-ful有某種特征的beautiful，hopeful，useful-less表示否定careless，endless，useless-ous有某種特征的nervous，dangerous-y表示天氣或特征dirty，rainy-ly有某種特征的friendly-ive有某種特征的active，expensive2021/5/922-agemarriage,luggage,postage郵費(fèi)

-urefailure,temperature,pressure,pleasure,-itymajority,opportunity,-mentargument,statement,achievement,amusement,equipment-ismcommunism,criticism,internationalism,socialism-anceappearance,entrance,-domkingdom,wisdom,freedom-ydifficulty,discovery,bravery,machinery-alarrival,refusal,disapproval,-nesskindness,illness,brightness,selflessness,correctness-shipcitizenship,friendship,professorship,hardship,comradeship-hoodchildhood,brotherhood,兄弟情誼，-thstrength,growth,length,wealth,truth-erybravery,slavery,chemistry,surgery,machinery抽象名詞和集體名詞的后綴2021/5/9231.前綴

加前綴一般不改變?cè)~類，而只是改變?cè)~的詞義。分類構(gòu)成例詞構(gòu)成反義詞的前綴dis-disagree，disappear，dislikeim-impolite，impossibleun-unable，uncertain，unhappy表示特定意思的前綴down-往下downloadkilo-千kilometreman-人，由人man-mademis-錯(cuò)誤地mistake，misunderstandre-重新，再次rebuild，retell可以改變?cè)~性的前綴a-加在名詞前構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞asleep，aboard，asideen-加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞encourage，enable，enrich2021/5/9242．后綴

加后綴一般只改變?cè)~的詞性。分類構(gòu)成例詞名詞后綴-er從事某工作的人dancer，driver-ing狀態(tài)feeling，reading-ion/-tion/-sion動(dòng)作；過(guò)程action，decision-ist專業(yè)人員scientist，terrorist-ment性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)development，government-ness性質(zhì)；狀態(tài)happiness，sadness-or從事某事的人actor，visitor-tion動(dòng)作；過(guò)程invention，pronunciation-ure狀態(tài)failure，pleasure2021/5/925分類構(gòu)成例詞形容詞后綴-able有某種能力的comfortable，unforgettable-al有某種特征的natural，traditi