工程材料常用術(shù)語中英對照大全

A

奧氏體austenite

奧氏體本質(zhì)晶粒度austeniteinhorentgrainsize

奧氏體化austenitization,austenitiizing

B

白口鑄鐵whitecastiron

白銅whitebrass,copper-nickelalloy

板條馬氏體lathmartensite

棒材bar

包晶反應(yīng)peritecticreaction

薄板thinsheet

薄膜技術(shù)thinfilmtechnique

貝氏體bainite

本質(zhì)晶粒度inherentgrainsize

比強(qiáng)度strength-to-weightratic

變質(zhì)處理inoculation,modification

變質(zhì)劑modifyingagent,modificator

表面處理surfacetreatment

表面粗糙度surfaceroughness

表面淬火surfacequenching

表面腐蝕surfacecorrosion

表面硬化surfacehardening

玻璃glass

玻璃態(tài)vitreousstate,glassstate

玻璃鋼glassfiberreinforcedplastics

玻璃纖維glassfiber

不可熱處理的non-heat-treatable

不銹鋼stainlesssteel

布氏硬度Brinellhardness

C

材料強(qiáng)度strengthofmaterial

殘余奧氏體residualaustenite

殘余變形residualdeformation

殘余應(yīng)力residualstress

層狀珠光體lamellarpearlite

超導(dǎo)金屬superconductingmetal

成核nucleate,nucleation

成形forming,shaping

成長growth,growing

磁材料magneticmaterials

沖擊韌性impacttoughness

純鐵pureiron

粗晶粒coarsegrain

脆性brittleness

脆性斷裂brittlefracture

淬火quenching,quench

淬透性hardenability

淬硬性hardenability

D

帶材baud,strip

單晶singlecrystal,unitcrystal

單體monomer,element

氮化層nitrationcase

氮化物nitride

刀具cuttingtool

導(dǎo)磁性magneticconductivity

導(dǎo)電性electricconductivity

導(dǎo)熱性heatconductivity,thermalconductivity

導(dǎo)體conductor

等離子堆焊plasmasurfacing

等離子弧噴涂plasmaspraying

等離子增強(qiáng)化學(xué)氣相沉積Plasmachemicalvapourdeposition(PCVD)

等溫轉(zhuǎn)變曲線isothermaltransformationcurve

低合金鋼lowalloysteel

低碳鋼lowcarbonsteel

低碳馬氏體lowcarbon?martensite

低溫回火lowtempering

點(diǎn)陣常數(shù)gratingconstant,latticeconstant

電鍍electroplating,galvanize

電弧噴涂electricarcspraying

電子顯微鏡electronmicroscope

定向結(jié)晶directionalsolidificationS

端淬試驗(yàn)endquenchingtest

斷口分析fractureanalysis

斷裂強(qiáng)度breakingstrength,fracturestrength

斷裂韌性fracturetoughness

斷面收縮率contractionofcrosssectionalarea,

鍛造forge,forging,smithing

多晶體polycrystal

E

二次硬化secondaryhardening

二元合金binaryalloy,two-componentalloy

F

防銹的rust-proot,rustresistant

非金屬non-metal,nonmetal

非晶態(tài)amorphousstats

分子鍵molecularbond

分子結(jié)構(gòu)molecularstructure

分子量molecularweight

酚醛樹脂bakelite,phenolicresin

粉末治金powdermetallurgy

粉末復(fù)合材料particulatecomposite

腐蝕corrosion,corrode,etch,etching

腐蝕劑corrodent,corrosive,etchant

復(fù)合材料compositematerial

G

感應(yīng)淬火inductionquenching

剛度rigidity,stiffness

鋼steel

鋼板steelplate

鋼棒steelbar

鋼錠steelingot

鋼管steeltube,steelpipe

鋼絲steelwire

鋼球steelball

杠桿定理leverrule,leverprinciple

高分子聚合物highpolymer,superpolymer

高合金鋼highalloysteel

高錳鋼highmanganesssteel

高頻淬火highfrequencyquenching

高速鋼highspeedsteel,quick-cuttingsteel

高碳鋼high-carbonsteel

高碳馬氏體highcarbonmartensite

高彈態(tài)elastomer

高溫回火hightempering

各向同性isotropy

各向異性anisotropy,anisotropism

工程材料engineeringmaterial

工具鋼toolsteel

工業(yè)純鐵industrialpureiron

工藝technology

共價(jià)鍵covalentbond

共晶體eutectic

共晶反應(yīng)eutecticreaction

共析體eutectoid

共析鋼eatectoidsteel

功能材料functionalmaterials

固溶處理solidsolutiontreatment

固溶強(qiáng)化solutionstrengthening

固溶體solidsolution

固相solidphase

光亮熱處理brightheattreatment

滾珠軸承鋼ballbearingsteel

過飽和固溶體supersaturatedsolidsolution

過共晶合金hypereutecticalloy

過共析鋼hypereutectoidsteel

過冷over-cooling,supercooling

過冷奧氏體supercooledaustenite

過冷度degreeofsupercooling

過熱overheat,superheat

H

焊接welding,weld

航空材料aerialmaterial

合成纖維syntheticfiber

合金鋼alloysteel

合金化alloying

合金結(jié)構(gòu)鋼structuralalloysteel

黑色金屬ferrousmetal

紅硬性redhardness

滑移slip,glide

滑移方向glidedirection,slipdirection

滑移面glideplane,slipplane

滑移系slipsystem

化合物compound

化學(xué)氣相沉積chemicalvapoureposition(CVD)

化學(xué)熱處理chemicalheattreatment

J

基體matrix

機(jī)械混合物mechanicalmixture

機(jī)械性能mechanicalproperty

激光熱處理heattreatmentwithalaserbeam

激光laser

激光熔凝lasermeltingandconsolidation

激光表面硬化surfacehardeningbylaserbeam

加工硬化workhardening

加熱heating

膠粘劑adhesive

結(jié)構(gòu)材料structuralmaterial

結(jié)晶crystallize,crystallization

結(jié)晶度crystallinity

金屬材料metalmaterial

金屬化合物metalliccompound

金屬鍵metallicbond

金屬組織metalstructure

金屬結(jié)構(gòu)metallicframework

金屬塑料復(fù)合材料plastimets

金屬塑性加工metalplastic?working

金屬陶瓷metalceramic

金相顯微鏡metallographicmicroscope,metalloscope

金相照片metallograph

晶胞cell

晶格crystallattice

晶格常數(shù)latticeconstant

晶格空位latticevacancy

晶粒crystalgrain

晶粒度grainsize

晶粒細(xì)化grainrefining

晶體結(jié)構(gòu)crystalstructure

聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)

聚合度degreeofpolymerization

聚合反應(yīng)polymerization

絕熱材料heat-insulatingmaterial

絕緣材料insulatingmaterial

K

抗拉強(qiáng)度tensilestrength

抗壓強(qiáng)度compressionstrength

顆粒復(fù)合材料particlecomposite

擴(kuò)散diffusion,diffuse

L

老化aging

萊氏體ledeburite

冷變形colddeformation

冷加工coldwork,coldworking

冷卻cool,cooling

冷作硬化coldhardening

離子ion

粒狀珠光體granularpearlite

連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)變曲線continuouscoolingtransformation(CCT)curve

孿晶twincrystal

孿生twinning,twin

螺旋位錯helicaldislocation

洛氏硬度Rockwellhardness

M

馬氏體martensite(M)

密排六方晶格close-packedxagonallattice(C.P.H.)

面心立方晶格face-centredcubiclattice(F.C.C.)

摩擦friction

磨損wear,abrade,abrasion

模具鋼diesteel

Mf點(diǎn)martensitefinishingpoint

Ms點(diǎn)martensitestartingpoint

N

納米材料nanostructuredmaterials

耐磨鋼wear-resistingsteel

耐磨性wearability,wearresistance

耐熱鋼heatresistantsteel,hightemperaturesteel

內(nèi)耗internalfriction

內(nèi)應(yīng)力internalstress

尼龍nylon

粘彈性viscoelasticity

凝固solidify,solidification

扭轉(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度torsionalstrength

扭轉(zhuǎn)疲勞強(qiáng)度torsionalfatiguestrength

P

泡沫塑料foamplastics,expandedplastics

配位數(shù)coordinationnumber

噴丸硬化shot-peening

疲勞強(qiáng)度fatiguestrength

疲勞壽命fatiguelife

片狀馬氏體lamellarmartensite,platetypemartensite

普通碳鋼ordinarysteel,plaincarbonsteel

Q

氣體滲碳gascarburizing

切變shear

切削cut,cutting

切應(yīng)力shearingstress

球化退火spheroidizingannealing

球墨鑄鐵nodulargraphitecastiron,spheroidalgraphitecastiron

球狀珠光體globularpearlite

屈服強(qiáng)度yieldingstrength,yieldstrength

屈強(qiáng)比yielding-to-tensileratio

屈氏體troolstite(T)

去應(yīng)力退火reliefannealing

R

熱處理heattreatment

熱加工hotwork,hotworking

熱噴涂thermalspraying

熱固性thermosetting

熱塑性hotplasticity

熱硬性thermohardening

柔順性flexibility

人工時(shí)效artificialageing

刃具cuttingtool

刃型位錯edgedislacation,bladedislocation

韌性toughness

溶質(zhì)solute

溶劑solvent

蠕變creep

蠕墨鑄鐵quasiflakegraphitecastiron

軟氮化softnitriding

S

掃描電鏡scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)

上貝氏體upperbainite

滲氮nitriding

滲硫sulfurizing

滲碳carburizing,carburization

滲碳體cementite(Cm)

失效failure

石墨graphite(G)

時(shí)間-溫度轉(zhuǎn)變曲線timetemperaturetransformation(TTT)curve

時(shí)效硬化age-hardening

實(shí)際晶粒度actualgrainsize

使用壽命servicelife

使用性能usability

樹枝狀晶dendrite

樹脂resin

雙金屬bimetal,duplexmetal

水淬waterquenching,waterhardening,waterquench

松弛relax,relaxation

塑料plastics

塑性plasticity,ductility

塑性變形plasticdeformation

索氏體sorbite(S)

T

彈簧鋼springsteel

彈性elasticity,spring

彈性變形elasticdeformation

彈性極限elasticlimit

彈性模量elasticmodulus

碳素鋼carbonsteel

碳含量carboncontent

碳化物carbide

碳素工具鋼carbontoolsteel

陶瓷ceramic

陶瓷材料ceramicmaterial

體心立方晶格body-centeredcubiclattice(B.C.C.)

體型聚合物three-dimensionalpolymer

調(diào)質(zhì)處理quenchingandtempering

調(diào)質(zhì)鋼quenchedandtemperedsteel

鐵碳平衡圖iron-carbonequilibriumdiagram

透明(結(jié)晶)陶瓷crystallineceramics

同素異構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變allotropictransformation

涂層coat,coating

退火anneal,annealing

托氏體troostite(T)

W

彎曲bend,bending

完全退火fullannealing

微觀組織microstructure

維氏硬度Vickershardness

未經(jīng)變質(zhì)處理的uninoculated

溫度temperature

無定形的amorphous

物理氣相沉積physicalvapourdeposition(PVD)

X

下貝氏體lowerbainite

線型聚合物linearpolymer

纖維fibre,fiber

纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料filamentreinforcedcomposite

顯微照片metallograph,microphotograph,micrograph

顯微組織microscopicstructure,microstructure

橡膠rubber

相phase

相變phasetransition

相圖phasediagram

消除應(yīng)力退火stressreliefannealing

形狀記憶合金Shapememoryalloys

形變deformation

性能performance,property

X射