2023年6月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題試卷

2023202361--10-2023202361PartOne寫作PartOne寫作Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingtopic.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Supposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisityourhometown,whatisthemostinterestingplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?PartTwoPartTwo十五選十Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ManyBrazilianscannotread.In2023,aquarterofthoseaged15andolderwerefunctionallyilliterate(文盲).Many36donotwantto.Onlyoneliterateadultinthreereadsbooks.The37Brazilianreads1.8non-academicbooksayear,lessthanhalfthefigureinEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Inarecentsurvey.ofreadinghabits,Brazilianscame27thoutof30countries.Argentines,theirneighbors,3818th.Thegovernmentandbusinessesareallstrugglingindifferentwaystochangethis.OnMarch13thegovernment39aNationalPlanforBooksandReading.Thisseekstoboostreading,byfoundinglibrariesandfinancingpublishersamongotherthings.Onediscouragementtoreadingisthatbooksare40.Mostbookshavesmallprint-runs,pushinguptheirprice.ButBrazilians”indifferencetobookshasdeeperroots.Centuriesofslaverymeantthecountiesleaderslong41education.Primaryschoolingbecameuniversalonlyinthe1990s.AllthismeBrazil’sbookmarkethasthebignwsternworld.Butreadingisadifficulthabittoform.Braziliansboughtfewerbooksin2023,89million,includingtextbooks43bythegovernment,thantheydidin1991.LastyearthedirectorofBrazil”snationallibrary44.Hecomplainedthathehadhalfthelibrariansheneededandtermites(白蟻〕hadeatenmuchofthe45.Thatoughttobeacausefornationalshame.normalparticularlypotentialquitrankedsimplytreasuredA)averageB)collectionC)distributedD)exhibitionE)expensivenormalparticularlypotentialquitrankedsimplytreasuredPartThree長(zhǎng)閱讀TheTouch-ScreenGenerationOnachillydaylastspring,afewdozendevelopersofchildren’sapps〔應(yīng)用程序〕forphonesandtablets〔平板電腦〕gatheredatanoldbeachresortinMonterey,California,toshowofftheirgames.ThegatheringwasorganizedbyWarrenBuckleitner,alongtimereviewerofinteractivechildren’smedia.Buckleitnerspentthebreakstestingwhetherhisownremote-controlhelicoptercouldreachthehall”ssecondstory,whilevariouschildrenwhohadcomewiththeirparentslookedupinawe〔敬畏〕anddelight.Butmostlytheylookeddown,attheiPadsandothertabletsdisplayedaroundthehalllikesomanyopenboxesofcandy.Iwalkedaroundandtalkedwithdevelopers,andseveralquotedafamoussayingofMariaMontessori’s“Thehandsaretheinstrumentsofman’sintelligence.”What,really,wouldMariaMontessorihavemadeofthisscene?The30orsochildrenherewerenotdownattheshorepoking〔戳〕theirfingersinthesandorrunningthemalongstonesorpickingseashells.Insteadtheywereallinside,aloneoringroupsoftwoorthree,theirfacesafewinchesfromascreen,theirhandsdoingthingsMontessorisurelydidnotimagine.In2023,theAmericanAcademyofPediatricsupdateditspolicyonveryyoungchildrenandmedia.In1999,thegrouphaddiscouragedtelevisionviewingforchildrenyoungerthan2,citingresearchonbraindevelopmentthatshowedthisagegroup’scriticalneedfor“directinteractionswithparentsandothersignificantcaregivers.”Theupdatedreportbeganbyacknowledgingthatthingshadchangedsignificantlysincethen.In2023,90%ofparentssaidthattheirchildrenyoungerthan2consumedsomeformofelectronicmedia.Nevertheless,thegrouptooklargelythesameapproachitdidin1999,uniformlydiscouragingpassivemediause,onanytypeofscreen,forthesekids.(Forolderchildren,theacademynoted,“high-qualityprograms”couldhave“educationalbenefits.”)The2023reportmentioned“smartcellphone”and“newscreen”technologies,butdidnotaddressinteractiveapps.Nordiditbringupthepossibilitythathaslikelyoccurredtothose90%ofAmericanparentsthatsomegoodmightcomefromthoselittleswiping〔在電子產(chǎn)品上刷〕fingers.Ihadcometothedevelopers’conferencepartlybecauseIhopedthatthisparticularsetofparents,enthusiasticastheywereaboutinteractivemedia,mighthelpmeoutofthisproblem,thattheymightoffersomeguidingprincipleforAmericanparentswhoareclearlynevergoingtomeettheacademy’sideals,andatsomeleveldonotwantto.Perhapsthisgroupwouldbeabletoexpressclearlysomebenefitsofthenewtechnologythatthemorecautiousdoctorsweren’treadytoaddress.IfellintoconversationwithawomanwhohadhelpeddevelopMontessoriLetterSounds,anappthatteachespreschoolerstheMontessorimethodsofspelling.ShewasaformerMontessoriteacherandamotheroffour.Imyselfhavethreechildrenwhoareallfansofthetouchscreen.Whatgamesdidherkidsliketoplay,Iasked,hopingforsuggestionsIcouldtakehome.“Theydon’tplayallthatmuch.”Really?Whynot?“BecauseIdon’tallowit.Wehavearuleofnoscreentimeduringtheweek,unlessit’sclearlyeducational.”Noscreentime?Noneatall?Thatseemsattheouteredgeofrestrictive,evenbythestandardsofovercontrollingparents.“Ontheweekends,theycanplay.Igivethemalimitofhalfanhourandthenstop.Enough.”HeranswersosurprisedmethatIdecidedtoasksomeoftheotherdeveloperswhowerealsoparentswhattheirdomesticgroundrulesforscreentimewere.Onesaidonlyonairplanesandlongcarrides.AnothersaidWednesdaysandweekends,forhalfanhour.Themostpermissivesaidhalfanhouraday,whichwasaboutmyruleathome.AtonepointIsatwithoneofthebiggestdevelopersofe-bookappsforkids,andhisfamily.Thesmallkidwasstartingtofussinherhighchair,sothemomstuckaniPadinfrontofherandplayedashortmoviesoeveryoneelsecouldenjoytheirlunch.Whenshesawmewatching,shegavemetheuniversaltenselookofmotherswhofeeltheyarebeingjudged.“Athome,”sheassuredme,“IonlyletherwatchmoviesinSpanish.’’Bytheirreactions,theseparentsmademeunderstandtheproblemofourage:astechnologybecomesalmosteverywhereinourlives.Americanparentsarebecomingmore,notless,distrustfulofwhatitmightbedoingtotheirchildren.Technologicalabilityhasnot,forparents,translatedintocomfortandease.Ontheonehand,parentswanttheirchildrentoswimexpertlyinthedigitalstreamthattheywillhavetonavigate〔航行〕alltheirlives;ontheotherhand,theyfearthattoomuchdigitalmedia,tooearly,willsinkthem.Parentsenduptreatingtabletsasprecisionsurgical〔外科的〕instruments,devicesthatmightperformmiraclesfortheirchild”sIQandhelphimwinsomegreatroboticscompetition—butonlyiftheyareusedjustso.Otherwise,theirchildcouldenduponeofthosesad,palecreatureswhocan’tmakeeyecontactandhasagirlfriendwholivesonlyinthevirtualworld.NormanRockwell,a20th-centuryartist,neverpaintedBoySwipingFingeronScreen,andourownvisionofaperfectchildhoodhasneverbeenadjustedtoaccommodatethatnow-commonscene.Addtothatourmodernfearthateveryparentingdecisionmayhavelastingconsequences-thateveryminuteofenrichmentlostormindlessentertainmentindulged〔放縱的〕willadduptosomepermanenthandicap〔障礙〕inthefuture—andyouhavedeepguiltandconfusion.Todate,nobodyofresearchhasprovedthattheiPadwillmakeyourpreschoolersmarterorteachhertospeakChinese,oralternativelythatitwillrusthernervoussystemthedevicehasbeenoutforonlythreeyears,notmuchmorethanthetimeittakessomeacademicstofindfundingandgatherresearchsubjects.Sowhatisaparenttodo?Theauthorattendedtheconference,hopingtofindsomeguidingprinciplesforparentingintheelectronicage.Americanparentsarebecomingmoredoubtfulaboutthebenefitstechnologyissaidtobringtotheirchildren.Someexpertsbelievethathumanintelligencedevelopsbytheuseofhands.TheauthorfoundaformerMontessoriteacherexercisingstrictcontroloverherkids,screentime.Researchshowsinteractionwithpeopleiskeytobabies’braindevelopment.SofartherehasbeennoscientificproofoftheeducationalbenefitsofiPads.Americanparentsworrythatoveruseoftabletswillcreateproblemswiththeirkids’interpersonalrelationships.Theauthorexpecteddevelopersofchildren”sappstospecifythebenefitsofthenewtechnology.ThekidsatthegatheringweremorefascinatedbytheiPadsthanbythehelicopter.Theauthorpermitsherchildrentousethescreenforatmosthalfanhouraday.PartFour認(rèn)真閱讀PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenyoungwomenwerefoundtomakeonly82percentofwhattheirmalepeersdojustoneyearoutofcollege,manywereatalosstoexplainit.Allthetraditionalreasonsputforwardtointerpretthepaygap—thatwomenfallbehindwhentheyleavetheworkforcetoraisekids,forexample,orthattheydon’tseekasmanymanagementroles—failedtojustifythisone.Theseyoungwomendidn’thavekidsyet.Andbecausetheywerejustoneyearremovedfromtheirundergraduatedegrees,fewofthesewomenyethadthechancetogoafter(muchlessdecline)leadershiproles.Butthereareotherreasonswhythepaygapremainssopersistent.Thefirstisthatnomatterhowmanywomenmaybegettingcollegedegrees,theuniversityexperienceisstillanunequalone.Thesecondisthatourhighereducationsystemisnotdesignedtofocusontheeconomicconsequencesofourstudents’yearsoncampus.Nowthatwomenarcthemajorityofcollegestudentsandsurpassmeninboththenumberofundergraduateandadvanceddegreesawarded,onemightthinkthecollegecampusisaprettyequalplace.Itisnot.Studiesshowthatwhilegirlsdobetterthanboysinhighschool,theystarttotrailoffduringtheircollegeyears.Theyenrollindifferentkindsofclasses,tendtomajorinlessrigorous〔格外嚴(yán)格的〕subjects,andgenerallyheadoffwithlessambitiousplans.Asaresult,it”snotsurprisingthateventhebesteducatedyoungwomenentertheworkplacewithaslightdisadvantage.Theircollegeexperienceleavesthemsomewhatconfused,stillstumblig栽倒overthedilemmastheirgrandmothers”generationsoughttodestroy.Aretheysupposedtobeprettyorsmart?Strongorsexy〔性感的〕?Alltheirlives,today”syoungwomenhavebeenpushedtoembracebothperfectionandpassiontopursuescienceandsports,mathandtheateranddoitallaswellastheypossiblycan.Nowondertheyarenotnegotiatingforhighersalariesassoonastheygetoutofschool.Theyaretooexhausted,andtooscaredoffailing.Traditionally,itisbelievedthatwomenearnlessthanmenbecause .theyhavefailedtotakeasmanyrigorouscoursestheydonotfeelasfitformanagementrolestheyfeelobligedtotakecareoftheirkidsathometheydonotexhibittheneededleadershipqualitiesWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica”shighereducationsystem?Itdoesnotofferspecificcareercounselingtowomen.Itdoesnotconsideritseconomicimpactongraduates.Itdoesnottakecareofwomenstudents”specialneeds.Itdoesnotencouragewomentotakerigoroussubjects.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttoday”scollegeexperience?A)Itisdifferentformaleandfemalestudents. B)Itisnotthesameasthatofearliergenerations.C)Itismoreexhaustingthanmostwomenexpect. D)ItisnotsosatisfyingtomanyAmericanstudents.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomenstudentsincollege?Theyhavenoideahowtobringouttheirbest.Theydropacoursewhentheyfindittoorigorous.Theyarenotaspracticalasmeninchoosingcourses.Theydon”tperformaswellastheydidinhighschool.Howdoestheauthorexplainthepaygapbetweenmenandwomenfreshfromcollege?A)Womenarctoowornouttobeambitious. B)Womenarenotreadytotakemanagementroles.C)Womenarecaughtbetweencareerandfamily. D)Womenarenotgoodatnegotiatingsalaries.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Readingleadershipliterature,you’dsometimesthinkthateveryonehasthepotentialtobeaneffectiveleader.Idon’tbelievethattobetrue.Infact,IsecwayfewertrulyeffectiveleadersthanIseepeoplestuckinpositionsofleadershipwhoarcsadlyincompetentandseriouslymisguidedabouttheirownabilities.Partofthereasonthishappensisalackofhonestself-assessmentbythosewhoaspireto(追求〕leadershipinthefirstplace.We”veallmetthetypeofindividualwhosimplymusttakecharge.Whetherit”sadecision-makingsession,abasketballgame,orafamilyouting,theycan”thelpgrabbingtheleaddogpositionandclingingontoitfordearlife.Theybelievethey”renaturalbornleaders.Truthis,they”renothingofthesort.Trueleadersdon”tassumethatit”stheirdivie神圣的righttotakechargeeverytimetwoormorepeoplegettogether.Quitetheopposite.Agreatleaderwillassesseachsituationonitsmerits,andwillonlytakechargewhentheirposition,thesituation,andortheneedsofthemomentdemandit.Manybusinessexecutivesconfuseleadershipwithaction.Theybelievethatconstantmotionsomehowgeneratesleadershipasabyproduct.Facedwithanysituationthatcan’tbesolvedbythesheerforceofactivity,theygenerateadustcloudofimpatience.Theironeleadershiptoolisvolume:iftheythinkyouaren”tworkingashardastheythinkyoushould,theirdemandsbecomeincreasinglylouderandharsher.Trueleadersunderstandthevalueofaction,ofcourse,butitisn’ttheironlytool.Infact,itisn’tevertheirprimarytool.Greatleadersseemorethaneveryoneelse:answers,solutions,patterns,problems,opportunities.Theyknowit’svitallyimportanttodo,buttheyalsoknowthatthinking,understanding,reflectionandinterpretationareequallyimportant.Ifyou”retooconcernedwithoutcomestotheextentthatyoumanipulateandintimidateotherstoachievethoseoutcomes,thenyouaren”tleadingatall,you”redictating.Atrueleaderissomeonewhodevelopshisorherteamsothatt